新概念英语第四册01-15课(转)

Lesson 1  Finding fossil man 发现化石人

1、我们能够从书中了解到事情We can read of things那些事情发生在5000年以前 that happened 5,000 years ago 在近东地区,in the Near East,在那里where人们最早学会了写字。 people first learned to write.

 

我们能够从书中得知那些5000年前发生在近东地区的事情We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East,那里的人们最早学会书写。where  people first learned to write.

 

我们能够从书中了解到那些发生在近东地区5000年以前的事情,那里的人们最早学会书写。

 

2、 但是But世界上有些地方 there are some parts of the world 在那里where甚至现在 even now人们还不会写字。 people cannot write.

 

但是But世界上有些地方 there are some parts of the word那里的人们甚至到现在还不会写字。where even now people cannot write.

 

但是,甚至到现在世界上有些地方的人还不会写字。

 

3、唯一的方式The only way这个方式(那个) that他们能够保存 they can preserve 他们的历史their history是叙述它 is to recount it 作为传奇故事—一些传说as sagas -- legends 向下传递handed down一代代的。 from one generation of another.

 

他们保存他们的历史的唯一方式是口述The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it 作为传奇故事—一些传说as sagas -- legends 一代代的流传下来。handed down from one generation of another.

   

他们记录历史的唯一方式是通过口述,作为传奇故事—一些传说,代代相传。

 

4、 这些传说These legends是有用的 are useful因为 because他们能够告诉我们一些事情 they can tell us something 关于人们的迁居about migrations of people 这些人生活在很久以前who lived long ago,但是but 过去没有人能够none could写下来 write down他们过去做了些什么。what they did.

 

 这些传说是有用的 These legends are useful因为它们能够告诉我们生活在很久以前的人们迁居的事情 because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,但是过去没有一个人能够记载他们过去做的事情。but none could write down what they did.

   

这些传说是有用的,因为它们能够告诉我们很久以前人们的一些生存状况,但是当时没有人记载他们过去所做的事情。

 

 5、人类学家们过去不清楚Anthropologists wondered 哪里where波利尼西亚人们的遥远的祖先们 the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples现在正在居住 now living 在太平洋群岛in the Pacific Islands来自于。 came from.

 

 人类学家们过去不清楚Anthropologists wondered 现在居住在太平洋群岛上波利尼西亚人的遥远的祖先来自哪里。 where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.

  

 人类学家不清楚如今居住在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方。

 

6、 属于这些人的传奇故事The sagas of these people说明了那一点(那个) explain that 他们中的一些人some of them来自于印度尼西亚。 came from Indonesia 大约在2000年以前。about 2,000 years ago.

 

这些人的传奇故事说明了那一点The sagas of these people explain that 他们中的一些人some of them大约2000年前来自印度尼西亚。 came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.

    

当地人的传说告诉我们,他们中有一部分人大约2000年前来自于印度尼西亚。    

 

7、但是But 原始人the first people和我们相似(他们是像我们自己) who were like ourselves 生活在如此长久以前lived so long ago 以至于(那个)that甚至他们的传说, even their sagas, 如果他们过去有一些,if they had any,是被忘记了。 are forgotten.

   

但是But和我们相似的原始人生活在如此长久以前 the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago 以至于甚至他们的传说,that even their sagas, 如果他们过去有的话,if they had any,也已经被忘却。 are forgotten.

 

   但是,和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了,所有即使过去有一些关于他们的传说也已经失传。

  

 

8、如此一来So 考古学家们 archaeologists 既没有历史也没有传说have neither history nor legends 帮助他们搞清楚to help them to find out最早的“现代人”从哪里来。 where the first 'modern men' came from.

 

所以考古学家既没有历史也没有传说帮助他们搞清楚So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out最早的“现代人”从哪里来。 where the first 'modern men' came from.

   

所以,既无历史记载也无传说帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”从哪里来。

 

9、   幸运地,Fortunately,然而, however,远古人制造石头工具, ancient men made tools of stone, 特别是燧石,especially flint, 因为because这个是比较容易 this is easier成形 to shape比其它的种类们。 than other kinds.

 

然而幸运的是,Fortunately, however,远古人制造石头工具, ancient men made tools of stone, 特别是燧石,especially flint, 因为这种燧石比其它种类的石头-容易成形。because this is easier to shape than other kinds.

 

 

然而幸运的是,远古人用石头制造工具,特别是燧石,因为燧石比其它种类的石头更容易成形。

 

10、他们可能还使用过They may also have used木头和兽皮们, wood and skins, 但是but这些东西 these 已经腐烂掉了。have rotted away.

   

他们可能还使用过木头和兽皮, They may also have used wood and skins, 但是这些东西已经腐烂掉了。but these have rotted away.

   

他们可能还使用过木头和兽皮,但是这些东西已经腐烂掉了。

   

11、 石头不会腐烂,Stone does not decay, 并且因此-and so 很久以前的工具the tools of long ago已经保存 have remained 当时when甚至even那些人的骨头们 the bones of the men 那些人制造了它们who made them已消失了 have disappeared没有踪迹。 without trace.

 

石头不会腐烂,Stone does not decay, 并且因此很久以前的工具被保存了下来and so the tools of long ago have remained 当甚至那些制造工具的人的骨头已消失得没有踪迹时。when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

 

    石头不会腐烂。因此,尽管制造工具的人的骨头早已不存在了,但很久以前制造的工具保存了下来。

                            

第一句:我们能够从书中了解到那些发生在近东地区5000年以前的事情,那里的人们最早学会书写。

我们能够从书中了解到事情(我们能够读of-事情们<为-看-热的-哦五-森四>)We can read of things那些事情发生在5000年以前(那个过去发生-5000年们以前<咱特-哈盆的-坏五扫怎的-也儿子-儿狗>) that happened 5,000 years ago 在近东地区(在这附近的东方<因-则-呢儿-一四特>),in the Near East,在那里where(哪里<为儿>)人们最早学会了(人们第一个过去学习<皮破我-福儿四特-冷恩的>)people first learned写字(去写字<图-乳癌特>)。to write.

 

 

汉译英练习:

 

 

 

2、 但是But世界上有些地方 there are some parts of the word 在那里where甚至现在 even now人们还不会写字。 people cannot write.

 

但是But世界上有些地方 there are some parts of the word那里的人们甚至到现在还不会写字。where even now people cannot write.

 

但是,甚至到现在世界上有些地方的人还不会写字。

 

3、唯一的方式The only way这个方式(那个) that他们能够保存 they can preserve 他们的历史their history是叙述它 is to recount it 作为传奇故事—一些传说as sagas -- legends 向下传递handed down一代代的。 from one generation of another.

 

他们保存他们的历史的唯一方式是口述The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it 作为传奇故事—一些传说as sagas -- legends 一代代的流传下来。handed down from one generation of another.

   

他们记录历史的唯一方式是通过口述,作为传奇故事—一些传说,代代相传。

 

4、 这些传说These legends是有用的 are useful因为 because他们能够告诉我们一些事情 they can tell us something 关于人们的迁居about migrations of people 这些人生活在很久以前who lived long ago,但是but 过去没有人能够none could写下来 write down他们过去做了些什么。what they did.

 

 这些传说是有用的 These legends are useful因为它们能够告诉我们生活在很久以前的人们迁居的事情 because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,但是过去没有一个人能够记载他们过去做的事情。but none could write down what they did.

   

这些传说是有用的,因为它们能够告诉我们很久以前人们的一些生存状况,但是当时没有人记载他们过去所做的事情。

 

     5、人类学家们过去感到迷惑Anthropologists wondered 哪里where波利尼西亚人们的遥远的祖先们 the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples现在正在居住 now living 在太平洋群岛in the Pacific Islands来自于。 came from.

 

 人类学家们过去不清楚Anthropologists wondered 现在居住在太平洋群岛上波利尼西亚人的遥远的祖先来自哪里。 where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.

  

 人类学家不清楚如今居住在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方。

 

6、 属于这些人的传奇故事The sagas of these people说明了那一点(那个) explain that 他们中的一些人some of them来自于印度尼西亚。 came from Indonesia 大约在2000年以前。about 2,000 years ago.

 

这些人的传奇故事说明了那一点The sagas of these people explain that 他们中的一些人some of them大约2000年前来自印度尼西亚。 came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.

    

当地人的传说告诉我们,他们中有一部分人大约2000年前来自于印度尼西亚。    

 

 

7、但是But 原始人the first people和我们相似(他们是像我们自己) who were like ourselves 生活在如此长久以前lived so long ago 以至于(那个)that甚至他们的传说, even their sagas, 如果他们过去有一些,if they had any,是被忘记了。 are forgotten.

   

但是But和我们相似的原始人生活在如此长久以前 the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago 以至于甚至他们的传说,that even their sagas, 如果他们过去有的话,if they had any,也已经被忘却。 are forgotten.

 

   但是,和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了,所有即使过去有一些关于他们的传说也已经失传。

  

 

8、如此一来So 考古学家们 archaeologists 既没有历史也没有传说have neither history nor legends 帮助他们搞清楚to help them to find out最早的“现代人”从哪里来。 where the first 'modern men' came from.

 

所以考古学家既没有历史也没有传说帮助他们搞清楚So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out最早的“现代人”从哪里来。 where the first 'modern men' came from.

   

所以,既无历史记载也无传说帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”从哪里来。

 

9、   幸运地,Fortunately,然而, however,远古人制造石头工具, ancient men made tools of stone, 特别是燧石,especially flint, 因为because这个是比较容易 this is easier成形 to shape比其它的种类们。 than other kinds.

 

然而幸运的是,Fortunately, however,远古人制造石头工具,特别是燧石, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, 因为这种燧石比其它种类的石头容易成形。because this is easier to shape than other kinds.

 

 

然而幸运的是,远古人用石头制造工具,特别是燧石,因为燧石比其它种类的石头更容易成形。

 

10、他们可能还使用过They may also have used木头和兽皮们, wood and skins, 但是but这些东西 these 已经腐烂掉了。have rotted away.

   

他们可能还使用过木头和兽皮, They may also have used wood and skins, 但是这些东西已经腐烂掉了。but these have rotted away.

   

他们可能还使用过木头和兽皮,但是这些东西已经腐烂掉了。

   

11、 石头不会腐烂,Stone does not decay, 并且and 因此- so 很久以前的工具the tools of long ago已经保存 have remained 当时when甚至even那些人的骨头们 the bones of the men 那些人制造了它们who made them已消失了 have disappeared没有踪迹。 without trace.

 

石头不会腐烂,Stone does not decay, 并且and 因此很久以前的工具被保存了下来so the tools of long ago have remained 当甚至那些制造工具的人的骨头已消失得没有踪迹时。when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

 

    石头不会腐烂。因此,尽管制造工具的人的骨头早已不存在了,但很久以前制造的工具保存了下来。

                             

 

 

Lesson 2  Spare that spider

             不要伤害蜘蛛

 

1、       为什么, Why,你可能感到好奇, you may wonder,蜘蛛们将会是should spiders be我们的朋友们? our friends?

 

为什么, Why,你可能感到好奇, you may wonder,蜘蛛会是我们的朋友? should spiders be our friends?

 

你可能感到好奇,为什么蜘蛛会是我们的朋友呢?

 

2、       因为Because它们消灭 they destroy 如此多的昆虫们,so many insects, 并且and昆虫包括了 insects include人类最大的敌人中的一些。some of the greatest enemies of the human race.

 

因为它们消灭如此多的昆虫,Because they destroy so many insects, 并且and昆虫包括了一些人类的最大敌人。 insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.

 

因为他们消灭的昆虫如此之多,其中包括一些我们人类的最大的敌人。

 

3、       昆虫们Insects可能将会使得那成为不可能 would make it impossible对于我们而言 for us 生活在这个世界上;to live in the world; 它们可能将会they would 吞噬devour全部的我们的庄稼们 all our crops 并且and杀死我们的牛羊们,kill our flocks and herds,如果不是if it were not 因为我们得到的保护for the protection we get 从食虫动物们处。from insect-eating animals.

 

昆虫可能会使我们不可能在这个世界上生活;Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; 它们可能会吞噬我们的所有庄稼they would devour all our crops 并且杀死我们的成群的牛羊,and kill our flocks and herds,如果不是因为我们从食虫动物那里得到了保护。if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

 

如果不是人类受到了一些食虫动物的保护,昆虫可能会吞噬掉我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们的成群的牛羊,使得我们不可能在这个世界生存。

 

4、       我们把很多归功于We owe a lot to 鸟们和野兽们the birds and beasts 它们吃昆虫们who eat insects 但是but它们的全部 all of them放在一起 put together 仅仅杀死kill only一个小的比例 a fraction of the number 被蜘蛛们消灭的。destroyed by spiders.

 

我们很感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟类和野兽We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects 但是but它们的全部加在一起 all of them put together 杀死的也只是蜘蛛所消灭的昆虫的一小部分。kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.

 

我们很感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟类和野兽。但是,它们吃掉的昆虫全部加在一起也只占蜘蛛所消灭的昆虫的很小部分。

 

5、       此外,Moreover, 不像unlike 一些其他的食虫动物some of the other insect eaters, 蜘蛛们spiders从来不做 never do 丝毫的伤害the least harm 对我们或者我们的财物。to us or our belongings.

 

此外,Moreover, 不像一些其它的食虫动物,unlike some of the other insect eaters, 蜘蛛从来不做丝毫的伤害我们或我们的财物的事情。spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.

 

 此外,不同于一些其它的食虫动物,蜘蛛从来不做丝毫伤害我们或我们的财物的事情。

 

 

6、       蜘蛛们不是昆虫们,Spiders are not insects,正如许多人认为的 as many people think, 甚至几乎没有nor even nearly 与它们有关。related to them.

 

蜘蛛并不像许多人以为的那样是昆虫,Spiders are not insects, as many people think, 甚至几乎与它们没有关系。nor even nearly related to them.

  

 蜘蛛并不像许多人以为的那样是昆虫,甚至几乎与它们没有关系。

 

7、       人们能够看出不同One can tell the difference几乎看第一眼, almost at a glance, 因为for一只蜘蛛 a spider总有八条腿们 always has eight legs 但是and 昆虫insect从来不多于六条腿们。 never more than six.

 

人们一眼就能够辨认出不同,One can tell the difference almost at a glance, 因为一只蜘蛛总是八条腿for a spider always has eight legs 但是and 昆虫不会多于六条腿。insect never more than six.

 

人们一眼就能够辨认出不同,因为一只蜘蛛总是八条腿。但是一个昆虫不会超过六条腿。

 

8、有多少蜘蛛们How many spiders 被效力于这个工作are engaged in this work 为了我们的利益?on our behalf?

 

有多少蜘蛛How many spiders为了我们的利益做着这项工作? are engaged in this work no our behalf?

 

有多少蜘蛛为了我们的利益做着这项工作?

 

9、一位权威One authority在蜘蛛方面 on spiders 做了一个蜘蛛的统计made a census of the spiders在草地上 in grass field 在英国南部,in the south of England, 并且and他估计了 he estimated那个 that 那里有there were超过2,250,000只的昆虫 more than 2,250,000 in one acre; 也就是说that is something like 6,000,000只不同种类的蜘蛛6,000,000 spiders of different kinds在一个足球场上。on a football pitch.

 

一位研究蜘蛛方面的权威人士One authority on spiders 在英国南部的一块草坪上作了一项关于蜘蛛的统计,made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, 并且and他那样估计 he estimated that 在-每英亩上有超过2,250,000只的昆虫;there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; 也就是说-6,000,000只不同种类的蜘蛛在一个足球场上。that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.

 

一位研究蜘蛛方面的权威人士在英国南部的一块草坪上作了一项关于蜘蛛的统计, 并且他估计在每英亩上有超过2,250,000只的昆虫;相当于有6,000,000只不同种类的蜘蛛在同一个足球场上。

 

10、蜘蛛们忙着Spiders are busy至少有半年的时间 for at least half the year 在吃昆虫。in killing insects.

 

蜘蛛至少有半年时间忙于吃昆虫。Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.

 

蜘蛛每年至少有半年时间在忙于吃昆虫。

 

11、那是不可能的 It is impossible 去做出超过最大数量的猜测to make more than the wildest guess 在它们杀死多少方面,at how many they kill,而且 but它们是饥饿的动物们, they are hungry creatures, 不满足于not content with仅仅一日三餐。 only three meals a day.

 

简直无法猜测出它们杀死了多少蜘蛛,It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,而且 but它们是吃不饱的动物,they are hungry creatures, 不满足一日只吃三餐。not content with only three meals a day.

 

简直无法猜测出它们杀死了多少蜘蛛,而且它们是吃不饱的动物,不满足一日只吃三餐。

 

12、据估计(它已是被估计了)It has been estimated那个 that全部的昆虫的数量 the weight of all the insects被蜘蛛消灭的 destroyed by spiders在英国 in Britain在一年里 in one year 可能会超过would be greater than 总的重量the total weight 是全部的人的of all the human beings 在这个国家里。in the country.

 

  据估计It has been estimated 那一点that在英国一年里所有被蜘蛛消灭的昆虫的重量 the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year 可能会超过这个国家的所有人的总重量。would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.

 

  据估计,在英国一年里所有被蜘蛛消灭的昆虫的重量可能会超过这个国家的所有人的总重量。

 

                  T. H. GILLESPLE Spare that spider from The Listener

 

 

 

 

Lesson 3  Matterhorn man

              马特霍恩山区人

 

 

1、现代登山运动员们Modern alpinists试着去登山try to climb mountains 通过一条路线by a route这条路线将给他们好运动,which will give them good sport,并且 and 它越困难,the more difficult it is, 它被认为越有挑战性。the more highly it is regarded.

现代登山运动员Modern alpinists试图通过一条将带给他们运动乐趣的路线去登山。 try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport,并且and道路越艰难,被认为越有挑战性。 the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

现代登山运动员设法寻找能够带给他们运动乐趣的路线攀登,并且认为道路越艰难越有挑战性。 

 

 2、在早期,In the pioneering days,然而, however, 不是这种情况this was not the case 根本不是。at all.

然而在早期,In the pioneering days, however, 根本不是这种情况。this was not the case at all.

然而在登山运动发展的早期,完全不是这种情况。

 

3、早期登山者们The early climbers当时是正在寻找were looking for最容易的道路the easiest way到山顶,to the top,因为because最高点the summit 是奖品,was the prize他们寻找的, they sought,特别地especially如果它if it还从来没有被到达had never been attained 在以前。before.

 

早期登山者当时寻找着最容易的通向山顶的道路The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, 因为最高点是他们所寻求的奖品,because the summit was the prize they sought,特别是如果它在以前未曾被人登上过。especially if it had never been attained before.

 

早期登山者当时寻找着最容易的通向山顶的道路,因为顶峰--特别是以前没有人登过的顶峰是他们寻求的目标,

 

4、的确如此It is true that在他们的探险期间 during their explorations 他们经常面对着的they often faced困难和危险difficulties and dangers是最恶劣的自然条件of the most perilous nature,装备的程度 equipped in a manner它可能将使which would make一个现代登山者颤抖,a modern climber shudder在想到时,at the thought, 但是but他们当时不是 they did not 不着边际地去寻求go out of their way to court这样的刺激。 such excitement.

 

的确如此It is true that他们在探险期间经常面对最恶劣的自然条件带来的困难和危险, during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature,装备简单可能会使现代登山者在想到时吓得发抖,equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,但是but他们当时不是不着边际地去寻求这样的刺激。 they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

 

的确如此,他们在探险期间经常面对最恶劣的自然条件带来的困难和危险,简单的装备可能会使现代登山者在想到时吓得发抖 但是他们当时不是为了故意寻求这种刺激。

 

5、他们有They had一个单一目的 a single aim, 一个唯一目标-a solitary goal 山顶!the top!

 

他们只有一个目的,They had a single aim, 一个唯一目标a solitary goal 顶峰!the top!

 

他们只有一个目的,一个唯一目标-山顶!

   

 

6、那是艰苦的It is hard对于我们 for us去想象 to realize当今 nowadays多么的困难 how difficult它是 it was对于登山先驱者们。 for the pioneers.

 

今天我们难以想象It is hard for us to realize nowadays它当时对于登山先驱者们是多么的困难。 how difficult it was for the pioneers.

 

今天我们难以想象过去的登山运动对于登山先驱者们是多么的困难。

 

7、除了一两个地方Except for one or two places比如策尔马特和夏蒙尼, such as Zermatt and Chamonix, 它们很快地变得受欢迎,which had rapidly become popular, 阿尔卑斯山山区的小村庄们Alpine villages几乎全是贫穷居住区tended to be impoverished settlements这些居住区被分割 cut off 与现代文明from civilization被那些高山们。 by the high mountains.

 

除了策尔马特和夏蒙尼这一两个很快出了名的地方外,Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix which had rapidly become popular, 阿尔卑斯山山区的小村庄几乎全是贫穷居住区Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements被高山切断了与文明社会的联系。cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

 

除了策尔马特和夏蒙尼这一两个很快出了名的地方外,阿尔卑斯山山区的小村庄几乎全是被高山切断了与文明社会联系的穷乡僻壤。

 

8、一些小酒馆们Such inns如果那儿有的酒店的话 as there were一般是were generally肮脏和不满跳蚤; dirty and flea-ridden;食品只是本地的干酪the food simply local cheese伴面包 accompanied by bread经常存放了十二个月之久, often twelve months old,全部吞下去all washed down和劣质红酒一起。 with coarse wine.

 

如果那里有小酒馆的话Such inns as there were一般是肮脏的并且布满了跳蚤;were generally dirty and flea-ridden;食品只是当地的干酪和放了一年之久的面包, the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old,和劣质红酒一起全部吞下去。all washed down with coarse wine.

 

如果那里有小酒馆的话,一般是肮脏的并且布满了跳蚤;食品只是当地的干酪和放了一年之久的面包,和劣质红酒一起全部吞下去。

 

9、经常Often一个山谷自夸没有小酒店a valley boasted no inn根本没有, at all, 并且and登山者们找到的住所climbers found shelter不管在哪里它们能够找到就行 wherever they could 有时sometimes和当地的牧师在一起with the local priest (牧师通常地是who was usually 和他的教民一样穷as poor as his parishioners), 有时sometimes和牧羊人或者制奶酪的人在一起。with shepherds or cheese-makers.

山谷里经常根本没有小客栈, Often a valley boasted no inn at all, 并且登山者随遇而安and climbers found shelter wherever they could 有时和当地的牧师住在一起 sometimes with the local priest (牧师通常和他的教民一样穷),(who was usually as poor as his parishioners), 有时和牧羊人或者制奶酪的人住在一起。sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

 

山谷里经常根本没有小客栈,并且登山者随遇而安有时和当地的牧师住在一起  (牧师通常和他的教民一样穷),有时和牧羊人或者制奶酪的人住在一起。

 

10、始终不变地Invariably基本情况相同; the background was the same:肮脏和贫穷, dirt and poverty,并且很不舒服。 and very uncomfortable.

 

情况总是一样:Invariably the background was the same:肮脏和贫穷,并且非常不舒适。 dirt and poverty,and very uncomfortable.

 

情况总是一样:肮脏和贫穷,并且非常不舒适。 

 

11、对于人们来说 For men习惯于 accustomed to吃七道菜的正餐们 eating seven-course dinners并且 and睡在质的优良的亚麻布床单之间,sleeping between fine linen sheets 在家里,at home, 到阿尔卑斯山的改变the change to the Alps 肯定很艰难must have very hard的确。indeed.

                        

对于过惯了一顿饭吃七道菜并且在家里睡在质的优良的亚麻布床单之间的人 For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, 到阿尔卑斯山的改变的确一定是很艰难的。the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.

 

对于过惯了一顿饭吃七道菜并且在家里睡在质的优良的亚麻布床单之间的人来说,到阿尔卑斯山的这种改变的确一定是很艰难的。

 

 

 

Lesson 4  Seeing hands

          能看见东西的手

 

1、几个事例 Several cases已被报导 have been reported在俄罗斯 in Russia recently关于人们 of people这些人能够辨认颜色 who can detect colours 用他们的手指们,with their fingers,并且甚至 and even看see 通过实体的门和墙。through solid doors and walls.

 

最近俄罗斯报导了几个事例 Several cases have been reported in Russia recently关于人能够用他们的手指辨认颜色,of people who can detect colours with their fingers,并且甚至穿透实体门和墙看东西。 and even see through solid doors and walls.

 

最近俄罗斯报导了几个关于人能够用他们的手指辨认颜色并且甚至穿透实体的门和墙看东西的事例。

 

 2、一个例子One case关于concerns 一个11岁的女学生an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, 维拉.彼得罗娃,Vera Petrova, 她有正常视力who has normal vision 而且but她还能够 who can also辨认东西perceive things用她的皮肤的不同部位,with different parts of her skin,并且 and通过实体墙。through solid walls.

 

有个例子是关于一个11岁的女学生,维拉.彼得罗娃,One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, 她有着正常的视力who has normal vision 而且but她还能够用她的皮肤的不同部位辨认东西,并且穿过实体墙辨认。 who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.

 

有个例子是关于一个11岁的女学生,维拉.彼得罗娃,她有着正常的视力。而且她还能够用她的皮肤的不同部位辨认东西,并且穿过实体墙辨认。

 

3、这个能力This ability被第一个注意到was first noticed被她的父亲。by her father.

 

这个能力被她的父亲第一个注意到了。This ability was first noticed by her father.

 

他的父亲首先发现她有这种能力。

 

4、一天One day 她来到了他的办公室she came into his office并且 and偶然放了她的手 happened to put her hands在一个被锁着的保险柜门上。 on the door of a locked safe.

 

一天她来到了他的办公室One day she came into his office并且偶然地把她的双手放在了锁着的保险柜柜门上。and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.

 

一天她来到了他的办公室,并且偶然地把双手放在了锁着的保险柜柜门上。

 

5、突然地Suddenly她问她的父亲 she asked her father 为什么他存放那么多的旧报纸why he kept so many old newspapers锁上放在那儿,locked away there, 并且and甚至描述了放置的方式 even described the way 它们是被竖立着they were done up 成捆的。in bundles.

   

她突然问她的父亲Suddenly she asked her father 为什么他把那么多的旧报纸锁在那里,why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, 并且甚至描述了报纸放置的方式and even described the way 它们是成捆的竖立着。they were done up in bundles.

 

她突然问她的父亲为什么把那么多的旧报纸锁在保险柜里,甚至还说报纸是一捆捆地竖着放在柜子里。

 

6、维拉的奇特的才能Vera's curious talent 当时被引起了注意was brought to the notice 被一个科学研究院of a scientific research institute 在乌里扬诺夫斯克城,in the town of Ulyanovsk, 在她住的地方附近,near where she lives, 并且and在四月 in April她被给了she was given 一个系列的实验们a series of tests 被一个特别的委员会。by a special commission属于卫生部of the Ministry of Health属于俄罗斯联邦政府共和国。of the Russian Federal Republic.

 

维拉的特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城的一个科学研究院的注意Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, 并且and在四月份in April俄罗斯联邦卫生部的一个特别的委员会对她进行了一系列的实验。 she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic.

 

维拉的特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城的一个科学研究院的注意并且于四月份由俄罗斯联邦卫生部的一个特别的委员会对她进行了一系列的实验。

 

7、在这些实验期间 During these tests她当时能够 she was able to -读报纸read a newspaper穿过一个不透明的屏幕through an opaque screen并且 and, 还有更为奇怪的现象,stranger still,通过移动她的肘部 by moving her elbow 在一种儿童的“罗托”游戏的上方over a child's game of Lotto她能够描述 she was able to describe 数字和颜色the figures and colours 被印在它上面的;printed on it; 并且,and,在另一个例子中, in another instance, 穿着长筒袜和拖鞋,wearing stockings and slippers, 识别出了to make out用她的一只脚with her foot一幅画的轮廓和颜色the outlines and colours of a picture藏在一个地毯下面的。hidden under a carpet.

 

在这些实验期中During these tests她能够穿过一个不透明的屏幕读报纸 she was able to - read a newspaper through an opaque screen并且更为奇怪的是,通过在一种儿童的“罗托”游戏的上方移动她的肘部and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto她能够描述印在它上面的数字和颜色she was able to describe the figures and colours;printed on it; 并且,在另一个例子中,and, in another instance, 穿着长筒袜和拖鞋, wearing stockings and slippers, 用她的一只脚识别出了藏在一块地毯下面的一幅画的轮廓和颜色。to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet.

 

在这些实验期中,她能够穿过一个不透明的屏幕读报纸;并且更为奇怪的是,通过在一种儿童的“罗托”游戏的上方移动她的肘部,她能够描述印在上面的数字和颜色;并且,在另一个例子中,她穿着长筒袜和拖鞋,用一只脚识别出了藏在地毯下面的一幅画的轮廓和颜色。

 

8、其它实验表明了那一点Other experiments showed that 她的膝盖们和肩膀们her knees and shoulders 有一种类似的敏感度。had a similar sensitivity.

 

其它实验表明Other experiments showed that她的膝盖和肩膀有类似的敏感度。 her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity.

 

其它实验表明她的膝盖和肩膀有类似的敏感度。

 

9、在所有这些实验们期间 During all these tests维拉被蒙上了眼睛; Vera was blindfold; 并且,and,的确, indeed, 除了当被蒙上眼睛时except when blindfold 她缺乏了那种能力she lacked the ability识别物体们 to perceive things用她的皮肤。 with her skin.

 

在所有这些实验期间 During all these tests维拉被蒙上了眼睛; Vera was blindfold; 并且实际上,and, indeed, 除了将眼睛蒙上外她并不具有用皮肤识别物体的能力。except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.

 

在所有这些实验中维拉都被蒙上了眼睛;并且实际上,除了将眼睛蒙上外她并不具有用皮肤识别物体的能力。

 

10、同时还发现一个现象It was also found that尽管她能够although she could辨认物体们perceive things用她的手指们with her fingers这种能力this ability 消失在那一刻ceased the moment她的手被打湿。 her hands were wet.

 

同时还发现一个现象It was also found that尽管她能够用她的手指辨认物体although she could perceive things with her fingers这种能力在她的手被打湿时消失。this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.

 

同时还发现一个现象,尽管她能够用她的手指辨认物体,但这种能力在她的手被打湿时消失。

 

 

 

 

 

              

 

Lesson 5  Youth

                 青年

 

 

1、  人们总是正在谈论People are always talking关于“青年问题”。 about 'the problem of youth'.

 

人们总是谈论关于“青年问题”。People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'.

 

   人们总是谈论关于“青年问题”。

 

2、  如果有一个--If there is one 对此which我持怀疑态度I take leave to doubt 那么 then正是老年人 it is older people他们造成了它, who create it,并非青年人他们自已。 not the young themselves.

 

如果这个问题存在的话—对此我持怀疑态度If there is one --which I take leave to doubt 那么是老年人他们造成的这个问题,then it is older people who create it,并非青年人他们自已。 not the young themselves.

 

如果这个问题存在的话—对此我持怀疑态度,那么是老年人他们造成的这个问题,并非青年人他们自已。

 

3、  请允许我们Let us 提出一些基本原理get down to fundamentals 并且赞同那一点and agree that--年轻人毕竟是人--the young are after all human beings --人people就好像just like 他们的长辈们。their elders.

 

请允许我们提出一些基本原理Let us get down to fundamentals 并且赞同那一点--年轻人毕竟是人and agree that --the young are after all human beings –是和他们的长辈们一样的人。people just like their elders.

 

 请允许我们提出一些基本原理并且赞同那一点--年轻人毕竟是人--是和他们的长辈一样的人。

 

4、  仅有一个不同之处There is only one difference在一个老人和一个青年人两者之间: between an old man and a young one:青年人有一个光辉灿烂的人生前途the young man has a glorious future 在他的前面before him并且 and老年人有一个辉煌的人生前途the old one has a splendid future 在他的后面;behind him: 并且也许and maybe 上述区别是that is摩擦所在的地方。 where the rub is.

 

5、  在老人和青年人之间存在唯一的不同之处There is only one difference between an old man and a young one:青年人的前面有一个光辉灿烂的未来the young man has a glorious future before him并且 and老年人所拥有的辉煌人生已留在了身后: the old one has a splendid future behind him: 并且也许上述区别正是摩擦所在。and maybe that is where the rub is.

 

  在老年人和青年人之间存在唯一的不同之处:青年人的前面有一个光辉灿烂的未来,但老年人所拥有的辉煌人生已留在了身后:并且也许上述区别正是摩擦所在。

 

6、  当我还是一个十几岁的青少年时, When I was a teenager, 我感到I felt 那个that我就是年轻 I was just young 和不确定and uncertain –那个that我是一个新男孩I was a new boy 在一所大学里,in a huge school,并且 and我肯定会很开心 I would have been very pleased如果被看成to be regarded 像一个问题一样的某种如此有趣的事物。as something so interesting as a problem.

 

当我还是一个十几岁的青少年时, When I was a teenager, 我感到自己就是年轻和不确定I felt that I was just young and uncertain –我感到自己作为一个大学新生,that I was a new boy in a huge school, 还有我会很开心如果被看成像一个问题一样的某种如此有趣的事物。and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.

7、   

 

当我还是一个十几岁的青少年时,我感到自己就是年轻和不确定–我感到自己作为一个大学新生,还有我会很开心如果被看成像一个问题一样的某种如此有趣的事物。

 

8、  首先,For one thing,当成一个问题being a problem给了你 gives you某种承认, a certain identity, 并且and 那是其中之一that is one of 那些事情the things 年青人the young 忙于热衷于are busily engaged in寻找的事情。seeking.

 

首先,For one thing,当成一个问题给了你某种承认,being a problem gives you a certain identity, 并且那是年青人忙于热衷寻找的事情之一。and  that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

 

   首先,当成一个问题给了你某种承认,并且那是年青人忙于热衷寻找的事情之一。

 

9、  我发现年轻人I find young people令人振奋。 exciting.

   

我发现年轻人令人振奋。

 

10、        他们有They have一种空气般的自由, an air of freedom,并且 and他们没有they have not一个陈旧的信条 a dreary commitment 去实现个人野心to mean ambitions或贪图舒适。 or love of comfort.

 

他们无拘无束,They have an air of freedom,并且 and他们没有陈旧的信条要去实现个人野心或贪图舒适。 they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort.

 

他们无拘无束,并且他们没有陈旧的信条要去实现个人野心或贪图舒适。

 

11、        他们不是,They are not急切的社会爬行者们 anxious social climbers,并且 and他们没有专注于 they have no devotion to 物质的东西。material things.

 

他们不是热衷于在社会上向上爬的人They are not anxious social climbers,并且 and他们没有专注于物质的东西。 they have no devotion to material things.

 

他们不是热衷于在社会上向上爬的人,他们也没有一味追求物质享受。

 

12、        所有这个 All this似乎让我 seems to me联系他们to link them和生命在一起 with life, 还有事物的起源。and the origins of things.

     

所有这个似乎让我将他们和生命联系在一起All this seems to me to link them with life, 和万物之源联系在一起。and the origins of things.

 

       所有的这一切似乎让我将他们与生命和万物之源联系在一起。

 

13、        它是It's就好像他们是, as if they were, 在某种意义上in some sense, 宇宙人cosmic beings 在强烈和鲜明的对比in violent and lovely contrast 和我们with us一些没有见识的人。 suburban creatures.

 

事实上在某种意义上,他们就好像是宇宙人It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings与我们这些凡夫俗子形成了强烈和鲜明的对比。in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures.

事实上在某种意义上,他们就好像是宇宙人,与我们这些凡夫俗子形成了强烈和鲜明的对比。

 

14、               以上全部All that 是在我的脑子里is in my mind当我遇到一个青年人时。when I meet a young person.

 

以上都是我的内心想法All that is in my mind当我遇到青年人时。when I meet a young person.

 

以上都是我遇到青年人时的内心想法。

 

15、              他可能是自负的,He may be conceited,行为不礼貌, ill-mannered, 冒失或者无知,presumptuous or fatuous,但是 but我不会 I do not寻求保护 turn for protection 向枯燥的陈词滥调to dreary cliches 关于什么要尊重长辈--about respect of elders – 就好像as if 只不过年纪mere age 就是一个理由were a reason 获得尊重。for respect.

 

他可能自负,不礼貌,冒失或无知, He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous,但是 but我不会用关于要尊重长辈这一类枯燥的陈词滥调来寻求保护 I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches --about respect of elders –就好像只不过年纪大一点就是获得尊重的理由。as if mere age were a reason for respect.

 

他可能自负,不礼貌,冒失或无知,但是我不会用关于要尊重长辈这一类枯燥的陈词滥调来寻求保护–就好像只不过年纪大一点就是获得尊重的理由。

 

16、              我承认那一点 I accept that 我们是平等的,we are equals, 并且and我会与他争论 I will argue with him, 以一个平等的身份,as an equal, 如果我认为if I think他是错误的。he is wrong.

 

我承认我们是平等的 I accept that we are equals, 并且我会以平等的身份和他争论and I will argue with him, as an equal, 如果我认为他错了。if I think he is wrong.

 

    我承认我们是平等的,并且如果我认为年青人错了,我会以平等的身份和他争论。

 

 

 

 

 

Lesson 6  The sporting spirit

            体育的精神

 

1、         我总是异常惊讶I am always amazed当某时when我听到人们说什么I hear people saying that 体育运动产生友好,sport creates goodwill在两个国家之间between the nations, 还有什么and that只要if only世界各国的普通民众the common peoples of the world 能够互相相遇could meet one another在足球场或板球场,at football or cricket, 他们可能将they would没有意向相遇 have no inclination to meet 在战场上。on the battlefield.

 

我总是异常惊讶I am always amazed当我听到人们说什么体育运动在两个国家之间产生友好时,when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, 还有什么只要世界各国的普通民众能够互相相遇在足球场或板球场,and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,他们可能将没有意向在战场上相遇。they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

 

当我听到人们说什么体育运动在两个国家之间产生友好时,还有什么只要世界各国的普通民众能够互相相遇在足球场或板球场,他们可能将没有意向在战场上相遇等等,总是感到异常惊讶。

 

2、         即使 Even if一个人没有认识到one didn't know从具体的例子中 from concrete examples (1936年的奥运会,the 1936 Olympic Games, 例如for instance) 那一点that国际体育比赛international sporting contests 导致无节制的仇恨,lead to orgies of hatred,一个人能够 one could推断出那一点 deduce it从一般原则中。 from general principles.

 

即使一个人没有从具体的例子中(例如1936年的奥运会)认识到那一点 Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that国际体育比赛导致疯狂的仇恨,international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred,他也能够从常理中推断出来。 one could deduce it from general principles.

 

即使一个人没有从具体的例子中(例如1936年的奥运会)认识到国际体育比赛导致疯狂的仇恨,他也能够从常理中推断出来。

 

3、         几乎Nearly所有的体育运动 all the sports practise 当今nowadays 是竞争性的。are competitive.

几乎当今所有的体育运动Nearly all the sports practise nowadays是竞争性的。are competitive.

  几乎当今所有的体育运动都具有竞争性。

 

4、         你比赛You play为了获胜,to win,并且 and这个比赛the game没有一点意义 has little meaning除非 unless你尽了最大努力 you do your utmost 为了获胜。to win.

你为了获胜而比赛,You play to win,并且除非你尽了最大努力,否则比赛没有一点意义。and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

你为了获胜而比赛,并且除非你尽了最大努力,否则比赛没有一点意义。

 

5、          句子分解一:在乡村草地上,On the village green, 在那里where 你随意地组成各队you pick up sides 并且and没有地方主义的感觉no feeling of local patriotism被涉及到,is involved, 那是可能的it is possible比赛to play 只是为了娱乐和锻炼身体simply for the fun and exercise: 但是but 威望问题一唤醒,as soon as the question of prestige arises, 你一感觉到那一点as soon as you feel that你和一些大的团体you and some larger unit 将是被丢了脸面的will be disgraced如果你输了, if you lose,最野蛮的、好斗的天性the most savage combative instincts被激发。 are aroused.

 

句子分解二:在乡村草地上你随意地组成各队On the village green, where you pick up sides 并且and没有感觉到地方主义夹杂其中,no feeling of local patriotism is involved, 比赛的目的只是为了娱乐和锻炼身体是有可能的;it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: 但是一旦产生荣誉问题,but as soon as the question of prestige arises,你一感觉到如果你输了你和一些大的团体将会丢脸,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,那种最野蛮好斗的天性就会被激发出来。the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

 

参考译文:在乡村草地上你随意地组成两个队并且没有感觉到地方主义色彩夹杂其中,比赛只是为了娱乐和锻炼身体是有可能的;但是一旦产生荣誉问题,你一感觉到如果你输了你和一些大的团体将会丢脸,那种最野蛮好斗的天性就会被激发出来。

 

6、         任何人Anyone 他参加过体育比赛who has played即使even在学校的足球比赛中 in a school football match 知道这一点。knows this.

任何参加过体育比赛的人-即使只是一所学校的足球赛,Anyone who has played even in a school football match 都知道这一点。knows this.

任何参加过体育比赛的人-即使只是一所学校的足球赛,都知道这一点。

 

7、         在国际级别的比赛中,At the international level,体育sport 坦率地说是is frankly模拟战争。 mimic warfare.

在国际级别的比赛中,At the international level, 坦率地说体育就是一场模拟战争。sport is frankly mimic warfare.

在国际级别的比赛中,坦率地说体育就是一场模拟战争。

 

8、         而且But重要的事情the significant thing不是is not 运动员的行为the behaviour of the players 而是but 观众的态度;the attitude of the spectators: 还有,and,观众的后面的, behind the spectators,是各个国家of the nations 他们使他们自己变成的复仇者who work themselves into furies通过这些荒谬的争夺,over these absurd contests, 并且真的相信and seriously believe –至少短时期内-- at any rate for short periods 什么跑步,that running, 跳跃jumping或者踢球 and kicking a ball是民族道德素质的检验。 are tests of national virtue.

 

而且But重要的事情不是运动员们的行为而是观众的态度;the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: 还有,and,在观众的后面的,behind the spectators, 是通过这些荒谬的争夺使自己变成复仇者的各个国家, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, 并且真的相信–至少短时期内什么跑步,and seriously believe -at any rate for short periods that running, 跳跃或者踢球是民族道德素质的检验。jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

 

而且重要的事情不是运动员们的行为而是观众的态度;还有,在观众的后面的,是通过这些荒谬的争夺使自己变成复仇者的各个国家,并且真的相信–至少短时期内什么跑步,跳跃或者踢球是对一个民族的道德素质检验。

                  

Lesson 7  Bats

                 蝙蝠

 

1、不是所有声音Not all sounds由动物发出的made by animals作为语言使用,serve as language, 并且and 我们仅仅是也不得不we have only to 借助于turn to 那个极不寻常的发现that extraordinary discovery回声定位技术的 of echo-location在蝙蝠身上in bats 去探究to see在什么情况下 a case in which 声音扮演着the voice plays绝对有用的角色。a strictly utilitarian role.

 

不是所有由动物发出的声音作为语言使用,Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, 并且and我们仅仅是也不得不借助于那个极不寻常的蝙蝠回声定位技术的发现we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats 去探究在什么情况下声音扮演着绝对有用的角色。to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

 

不是所有由动物发出的声音作为语言使用,并且我们仅仅是也不得不借助于那个极不寻常的蝙蝠回声定位技术的发现去探究在什么情况下声音扮演着绝对有用的角色。

 

2、为了完全的理解关于To get a full appreciation of这句话的意思是什么 what this means 我们必须we must首先借助于 turn first to 一些最新的人类发明。some recent human inventions.

为了完全理解这句话的含义To get a full appreciation of what this means 我们必须首先借助于一些最新人类发明。we must turn first to some recent human inventions.

为了完全理解这句话的含义,我们必须首先借助于一些最新人类发明。

 

3、每个人都知道那一点Everyone knows that如果他叫喊 if he shouts 在附近的墙壁in the vicinity of a wall或者半山腰,or a mountainside,一个回声 an echo将回来。will come back.

每个人都知道如果他在附近的墙壁或者半山腰大声喊叫,Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside,将传回一个回声。an echo will come back.

每个人都知道如果他在附近的墙壁或者半山腰大声喊叫,会听到回声。

 

4、距离越远,The further离开这个实体障碍物off this solid obstruction, 时间将用的越长the longer time will elapse回声的返回。for the return of the echo.

离开这个实体障碍物越远,The further off this solid obstruction, 回声返回用的时间越长。the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.

离开这个实体障碍物越远,回声返回的时间越长。

 

 5、一个声音A sound通过敲打船体发出 made by tapping on the hull of a ship将被反射回来,will be reflected从海底,from the sea bottom, -并且 and通过测算by measuring 时间间隔the time interval在敲打和收到回声两者之间的between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, 在那一点海的深度the depth of the sea at that point能够被计算出来。can be calculated.

 

敲打船体发出的声音会从海底反射回来,A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom,并且通过测算敲打和收到回声之间的时间间隔, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.

 

敲打船体发出的声音会从海底反射回来,并且通过测算敲打和收到回声之间的时间间隔,可计算出该处的海深。

 

6、这样So产生了was born回声探测仪, the echo-sounding apparatus, 现在普遍使用now in general use在船舶上。in ships.

 

这样产生了回声探测仪,So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, 现在普遍使用在船舶上。now in general use in ships.

这样产生了回声探测仪,现在普遍使用在船舶上。

 

8、          任何固体Every solid object将反射声音,will reflect a sound, 变化varying 根据according to物体的大小和自然属性。 the size and nature of the object.

任何固体都会反射声音,Every solid object will reflect a sound, 根据物体的大小和自然属性变化。varying according to the size and nature of the object.

任何固体都会反射声音,根据物体的大小和自然属性变化。

 

9、         鱼群A shoal of fish将这样做。will do this.

 

鱼群也反射出声音。

 

10、      所以So它是it is比较简单的一步 a comparatively simple step从测定海底from locating the sea bottom 到测定鱼群to locating a shoal of fish.

     

所以So从测定海底到测定鱼群是比较简单的一步。it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish.

 

所以从测定海底到测定鱼群的进展比较容易。

  

11、根据经验,With experience, 还有被改进了的仪器,and with improved apparatus, 现在能够做到it is now possible不仅确定鱼群的位置 not only to locate a shoal而且分辨出 but to tell 是否if它是鲱鱼,it is herring, 鳕鱼,cod, 或者其他熟悉的鱼类,or other well-known fish,通过它的回声的波形。by the pattern of its echo.

 

根据经验和经过改进的仪器,With experience, and with improved apparatus, 现在不仅能够做到确定鱼群的位置it is now possible not only to locate a shoal而且通过它的回声的波形分辨出是鲱鱼,鳕鱼或者其他熟悉的鱼类。but to tell if it is herring,,cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

 

根据经验和经过改进的仪器,现在不仅能够做到确定鱼群的位置,而且通过它的回声波形分辨出是鲱鱼,鳕鱼或者其他熟悉的鱼类。

 

12、人们发现It has been found that某种蝙蝠certain bats发出短促的尖叫声emit squeaks并且and通过接收回声, by receiving the echoes, 它们确定位置they can locate和避开障碍物--and steer clear of obstacles – 或者确定正在飞行的昆虫的位置- or locate flying insects on它们所食用的昆虫。which they feed.

人们发现某种蝙蝠发出短促的尖叫声It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks并且通过接收回声,and by receiving the echoes, 它们能够测定位置和避开障碍物--they can locate and steer clear of obstacles –或者or测定它们所食用的飞行着的昆虫位置。locate flying insects on which they feed.

人们发现某种蝙蝠发出短促的尖叫声,并且通过接收回声能够测定位置和避开障碍物--或者测定它们所食用的飞行着的昆虫位置。

 

11、      这种回声定位技术This echo-location 在蝙蝠身上的in bats被经常比较is often compared和雷达, with radar,它们的基本原理the principle of which是相同的。is similar.

蝙蝠的这种回声定位技术经常与雷达比较,This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, 它们的基本原理是相同的。the principle of which is similar.

 

蝙蝠的这种回声定位技术常常可与雷达比较,它们的基本原理是相同的。

 

Lesson 8  Trading standards

             贸易标准

 

1、      鸡们,Chickens被屠宰 slaughtered在美国,in the United States,声称claim布鲁塞尔的官员们 officials in Brussels, 不适合- are not fit装点欧洲的餐桌。to grace European tables.

 

在美国屠宰的鸡,Chickens slaughtered in the United States,布鲁塞尔的官员声称, claim officials in Brussels, 不适合装点欧洲的餐桌。are not fit to grace European tables.

 

布鲁塞尔的官员声称,在美国屠宰的鸡不适合装点欧洲的餐桌。

 

2、      不, No, 说say 美国人the American:我们的家禽our fowl是好的,are fine, 我们只是we simply清洗它们clean them以不同的方法。in a different way.

不,美国人说: No, say the American:我们的家禽很好,our fowl are fine, 我们只是以不同的方法清洗它们。we simply clean them。in a different way.

不,美国人说:我们的家禽很好,我们只是以不同的方法清洗它们。

 

3、      当前,These days,它是不同的it is differences在国际的条例方面 in national regulations, 远超过关税制度,far more than tariffs, 那个that放沙子在贸易的轮子中 put sand in the wheels of trade 在两个富国之间。between rich countries.

当前,These days, 在国际间条例方面的不同远甚于关税制度,it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs,阻碍着发达国家间的贸易。 that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries.

当前,在国际间条例方面的不同远甚于关税制度,阻碍着发达国家间的贸易往来。

 

4、      不仅仅是农民们It is not just farmers 他们正在抱怨着。who are complaining.

不仅仅是农民们正在抱怨。It is not just farmers who are complaining.

抱怨的不仅是农民。

 

5、      一把电动剃须刀An electric razor 它符合欧盟的安全标准that meets the European Union's safety standards 必须被认可,must be approved由美国的检测人员by American testers在它能够被销售以前before it can be sold 在美国in the United States,并且 and一台美国制造的透析仪an American-made dialysis machine需要欧盟的官员的同意needs the EU's okay在它打进市场以前before is hits the market在欧洲。in Europe.

 

一把符合欧盟安全标准的电动剃须刀An electric razor that meets the European Union's safety standards 在它能够到美国销售前必须由美国的检测人员认可,must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the United States,并且 and一台美国制造的透析仪在打进欧洲市场前需要欧盟的官员同意。 an American-made dialysis machine needs the EU's okay before is hits the market in Europe.

 

一把符合欧盟安全标准的电动剃须刀在它能够到美国销售前必须由美国的检测人员认可,并且一台美国制造的透析仪在打进欧洲市场前需要欧盟的官员同意。

 

6、      实际上,As it happens,一把剃须刀a razor 它是安全的that is safe在欧洲in Europe 是不可能is unlikely电死美国人。to electrocute Americans.

实际上,As it happens, 一把在欧洲是安全的剃须刀不可能电死美国人。a razor that is safe in Europe is unlikely to electrocute Americans.

 

实际上,一把在欧洲是安全的剃须刀不可能电死美国人。

 

7、      所以,So,企业问道 ask businesses 在大西洋的两边on both sides of the Atlantic, 为什么why有两次之多的测试have two lots of tests在这里where一次就可以解决问题one would do?

 

所以, So,大西洋两边的企业都在问,ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic, 这里本来一次测试就可以解决问题,为什么要有两次之多?why have two lots of tests where one would do?

 

所以,大西洋两边的企业都在问,本来一次测试就可以解决问题,为什么要有两次之多?

 

8、      政治家同意,Politicians agree, 在原则上,in principle, -所以so美国和欧盟America and the EU 一直试图达成一个协议have been trying to reach a deal 这份协议也许将which would 取消这种必要性eliminate the need进行双重检验to double-test许多产品。many products.

 

政治家们原则上达成了一致,Politicians agree, in principle, 所以美国和欧盟一直在努力达成协议so America and the EU have been trying to reach a deal 这份协议可能会取消对许多产品进行双重检验的必要。which would eliminate the need to double-test many products.

 

政治家们原则上达成了一致,所以美国和欧盟一直在努力达成协议,这份协议可能会取消对许多产品进行双重检验的必要。

 

9、      他们希望完成They hope to finish 按时in time 为一个贸易最高级会议做准备for a trade summit 在美国和欧盟之二者之间between America and the EU 在5月28号。on May 28TH.

 

他们希望按时完成They hope to finish in time为美国和欧盟之间5月28号将举行的贸易最高级会议做准备。for a trade summit between America and the EU on May 28TH.

 

他们希望尽早达成协议,为美国和欧盟之间5月28号将举行的贸易最高级会议做准备。

 

10、  尽管谈判代表Although negotiators是乐观的,are optimistic, 协议的细节the details 是相当复杂are complex enough 所以that 他们可能是they may be 十分困难hard-pressed要达成一项协议to get a deal 完全的。at all.

 

尽管谈判代表们很乐观,Although negotiators are optimistic, 协议的细节相当复杂the details are complex enough 所以他们要完全达成一项协议也许十分困难。that they may be hard-pressed to get a deal at all.

 

   尽管谈判代表们很乐观,但协议细节相当复杂,所以他们要完全达成一项协议也许十分困难。

  19、为什么? Why?

为什么?

 

20、困难之一One difficulty是起草这些协议。is to construct the agreements.

困难之一是起草这些协议。One difficulty is to construct the agreements.

困难之一是起草这些协议。

 

21、美国人可能会乐意The Americans would happily达成一个协议 reach  one accord按照医疗器材标准 on standards for medical devices 并且and 他们them 推敲出hammer out不同的条约 different pacts涵盖,covering,例如,say,电子产品和药品的生产。electronic goods and drug manufacturing.

 

美国人可能会乐意按照医疗器材标准达成一个协议The Americans would happily reach  one accord on standards for medical devices 然后推敲出不同的条约and then hammer out different pacts涵盖诸如电子产品和药品的生产。covering, say, electronic goods and drug manufacturing.

 

美国人可能会乐意按照医疗器材标准达成一个协议,然后推敲出不同的条约涵盖诸如电子产品和药品的生产。

 

22、欧盟The EU 遵循了优良的大陆传统--following fine continental traditions 想达成协议wants agreement在普遍原则上,on general principles, 这些协议能够被用于which could be applied to许多类型的产品many types of products 并且也许and perhaps扩展到其他国家。extended to other countries.

               

欧盟遵循了优良的大陆传统,The EU --following fine continental traditions 想在普遍原则上达成协议,wants agreement on general principles, 这些协议能够用于许多类型的产品which could be applied to many types of products 并且也许扩展到其他国家。and perhaps extended to other countries.

               

欧盟遵循了优良的大陆传统,想在普遍原则上达成协议,这些协议能够用于许多类型的产品并且也许扩展到其他国家。

Lesson 9  Royal espionage

             王室谍报活动

 

1、阿尔弗大帝Alfred the Great 充当过acted as他的自己一方的间谍,his own spy, -访问丹麦的营地。visiting Danish camps伪装成一个流浪歌手disguised as a minstrel.

 

阿尔弗大帝曾经亲自充当间谍,Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, 装扮成流浪歌手访问丹麦营地。visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

 

阿尔弗大帝曾经亲自充当间谍,装扮成流浪歌手访问丹麦营地。

 

2、过去In those days浪迹天涯的吟唱歌手 wandering minstrels受欢迎were welcome到处everywhere.

那时浪迹天涯的吟唱歌手走到哪里都受欢迎。In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.

那时浪迹天涯的吟唱歌手走到哪里都受欢迎。

 

 3、他们不是They were not作战人员,fighting men,并且and 他们的竖琴their harp是他们的通行证。was their passport.

他们不是作战人员,They were not fighting men,并且他们的竖琴是他们的通行证。 and their harp was their passport.

他们不是作战人员,并且他们的竖琴就是通行证。

 

4、阿尔弗Alfred已学会了 had learned 许多他们的民歌many of their ballads在他年轻时in his youth,并且and当时能够could变换他的节目vary his programme用杂技和简单的魔术。with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

 

阿尔弗在年轻时已学会了许多他们的民歌 Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth,并且能够用杂技和简单的魔术改变他的节目。 and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

 

阿尔弗在年轻时已学会了许多本地的民歌,并且能够用杂技和简单的魔术使节目多样化。

 

5、那段时间While阿尔弗的Alfred's 很少的军队little army 慢慢地slowly开始集结began to gather在阿塞尔纳,at Athelney,这位国王自己the king himself出发潜入set out to penetrate古瑟罗姆的营地the camp of Guthrum, 他是丹麦侵略军司令官。the commander of the Danish invaders.

 

在阿尔弗的为数不多的军队慢慢开始集结在阿塞尔纳时,While Alfred's litt le army slowly began to gather at Athelney, 这位国王亲自出发潜入丹麦侵略军司令官-古瑟罗姆的营地。the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

 

在阿尔弗的为数不多的军队慢慢开始集结在阿塞尔纳时,这位国王亲自出发潜入丹麦侵略军司令官-古瑟罗姆的营地。

 

6、这些人已经驻扎下来These had settled down准备过冬for the winter在切本哈姆at Chippenham: 向着那里thither阿尔弗去了Alfred went.

 

这些人已经在切本哈姆驻扎下来准备过冬:These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: 阿尔弗朝着那个地点去了。thither Alfred went.

 

这些人已经在切本哈姆驻扎下来准备过冬:阿尔弗朝着那个地点去了。

 

7、他注意到了 He noticed立刻at once那一点 that 纪律是松弛的:discipline was slack:丹麦军队有自信, the Danes had the self-confidence 作为征服者,of conquerors, 并且and他们的安全措施 their security precautions 是随随便便的。were casual.

 

他立刻注意到了一个现象,就是纪律松弛:He noticed at once that discipline was slack:丹麦军队以征服者自居, the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, 并且他们没有什么安全措施。and their security precautions were casual.

 

他立刻注意到了一个现象,丹麦军队纪律松弛,并且以征服者自居,也没有什么安全措施。

 

8、他们生活地很好,They lived well,靠的是抢劫的财物 on the proceeds of raids 在邻近地区。on neighbouring regions.

他们生活地很好,They lived well,靠的是抢劫邻近地区的财物。 on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.

他们靠抢劫邻近地区的财物过着舒适的日子。

 

9、在那里There他们收集妇女they collected women还有 as well as食物和饮品, food and drink, 并且and 一种安逸的生活a life of ease已经使得他们软弱无力。had made them soft.

 

 他们在当地抢占妇女以及食物和酒There they collected women as well as food and drink, 并且and 安逸的生活已使得他们软弱无力。a life of ease had made them soft.

 

     他们在当地抢占妇女以及食物和酒,并且安逸的生活已使他们失去战斗力。

 

11、   阿尔弗逗留Alfred stayed在营地 in the camp一个星期a week在他返回阿塞尔纳前。before he returned to Athelney.

 

阿尔弗逗留在营地一个星期。Alfred stayed in the camp a week 在他返回阿塞尔纳前。before he returned to Athelney.

 

阿尔弗在返回阿塞尔纳前在营地逗留了一个星期。

 

12、   军队The force在那里there 被集合assembled是没有可比性的was trivial 与丹麦大军相比。compared with the Danish horde.

集合在那里的军队The force there assembled与丹麦大军比是微不足道的。 was trivial compared with the Danish horde.

集合在那里了的军队与丹麦大军相比是微不足道的。

 

13、  但是But阿尔弗 Alfred 已断定一点had deduced that丹麦军队the Danes不再是were no longer适合-打持久战:fit for prolonged battle: 还有一点and that 他们的军需供应their commissariat没有组织, had no organization, 而且but 依赖于depended on不定期的抢夺。irregular raids.

14、     但是阿尔弗断定丹麦人不再适合打持久战: But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: 还有一点and that他们的军需供应没有组织,their commissariat had no organization, 而且依赖不定期的抢夺。but depended on irregular raids.

但是阿尔弗断定丹麦人不再适合打持久战;还有一点是他们的军需供应没有组织,而且依赖不定期的抢夺。

15、  所以,So,面对着,faced with丹麦人的进攻,the Danish advance, 阿尔弗兰没有冒险Alfred did not risk 打开战斗open battle 而且but骚扰敌人。harried the enemy.

所以,So,面对丹麦人的进攻,faced with the Danish advance, 阿尔弗兰没有冒险开战Alfred did not risk open battle 而是骚扰敌人。but harried the enemy.

所以,面对着丹麦人的进攻,阿尔弗兰没有冒险开战而是骚扰敌人。

 

16、   他是不停地He was constantly处在移动的状况,on the move, 拖着丹麦军队drawing the Danes在他的后面。after him.

 

他不停地转移他的队伍,on the move,牵着丹麦人的鼻子走。drawing the Danes after him.

 

他不停地转移他的队伍,牵着丹麦人的鼻子走。

 

17、  他的巡逻队 His patrols 阻止了halted抢劫的小部队:the raiding parties: 饥饿hunge困扰着assailed丹麦军队。the Danish army.

他的巡逻队阻止了抢劫的小部队:His patrols halted the raiding parties: 饥饿困扰着丹麦军队。hunger assailed the Danish army.

他的巡逻队阻止了抢劫的小部队:饥饿困扰着丹麦军队。

 

18、   这时Now阿尔弗开始了Alfred began一个长的系列的小规模作战a long series of skirmishes 并且and 在一个月雷within a month丹麦人the Danes就投降了。 had surrendered.

 

这时阿尔弗开始了一长串系列的小规模作战Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes 并且不到一个月丹麦人就投降了。and within a month the Danes had surrendered.

这时阿尔弗开始了一长串系列的小规模作战并且不到一个月丹麦人就投降了。

 

19、  这个事件 The episode 能够有理由could reasonably作为serve as一个独一无二的a unique皇家间谍佳作!epic of royal espionage!

                     

这个事件 The episode能够有理由作为一个独一无二的皇家间谍佳作! could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!

                     

这个事件完全能够看作一个独特的皇家间谍佳作!

 

 

 

 

            

Lesson 10  Silicon valley

                硅谷

 

 

1、技术发展趋势Technology trends也许推动硅谷may push Silicon Valley重新面向未来。back to the future.

技术发展趋势Technology trends也许重新推动硅谷面向未来。 may push Silicon Valley back to the future.

技术发展趋势也许重新推动硅谷面向未来。

 

 2、卡弗米德,Carver Mead, -一位先驱 a pioneer在集成电路方面的in integrated circuits 和- and 一位计算机科学教授,a professor of computer science 在加州技术学院at the California Institute of Technology, 注意到notes现在有些新的工作站there are now work-stations它们能够使工程师们that enable engineers设计,实验和生产芯片to design, test and produce chips就在他们的办公桌上,right on their desks,很像much the way一个编辑- an editor编出一份时事报导creates a newsletter在一台苹果机上。 on a Macintosh.

 

卡弗米德,是集成电路方面的一位先驱以及加州技术学院的计算机科学教授,Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, 注意到现在有些新的工作站-notes there are now work-stations 它们能够使工程师们-就在他们的办公桌上设计,实验和生产芯片,that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, 很像一位编辑在一台苹果机上编出了一份时事报导。 much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.

 

卡弗米德,是集成电路方面的一位先驱以及加州技术学院的计算机科学教授,注意到现在有些新的工作站它们能够使工程师们-就在他们的办公桌上设计,实验和生产芯片,很像一位编辑在一台苹果机上编出了一份时事报导。

 

3、由于时间和成本As the time and cost用于制造一个芯片of making a chip 降到了几天和几百美元,drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, 工程师们也许很快 engineers may soon是自由地be free 让他们的想象翱翔to let their imaginations soar 不会被惩罚。without being penalized因为昂贵的失败。by expensive failures.

 

由于制造一个芯片的时间和成本降到了几天和几百美元,As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, 工程师们也许很快会自由地让他们的想象翱翔engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar 不会因为昂贵的失败被处罚。without being penalized by expensive failures.

由于制造一个芯片的时间和成本降到了几天和几百美元,工程师们也许很快会自由地让他们的想象翱翔不会因为昂贵的失败被处罚。

 

4、米德预言了那一点 Mead predicts that发明者们inventors将是能够完美地生产出will be able to perfect--功能强大的客户定制的芯片--powerful customized chips 用一个周末over a weekend在他的办公室-- at the office 造就spawning一代新的车间创业者 a new generation of garage start-ups 并且and给美国 giving the U.S. 一个跳跃到它的外国竞争对手之上的机会a jump on its foreign rivals 在使得新产品推向市场方面in getting new products to market快速地。fast.

 

米德预言发明者们将能够用一个周末在他的办公室按照客户的定制完美地生产出功能强大的芯片Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect --powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office 造就一代新的车间创业者 spawning a new generation of garage start-ups 并且给美国在使得新产品快速推向市场方面一个超越它的外国竞争对手的机会。and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.

 

米德预言发明者们将能够用一个周末在他的办公室按照客户的定制完美地生产出功能强大的芯片,从而造就一代新的车间创业者,给予美国在使其新产品快速推向市场方面一个超越它的外国竞争对手的机会。

 

 

5、我们有'We've got更多的车间 more garages 和聪明的人在一起,with smart people,' 米德评论说。Mead observes.

我们有更多的车间同时还有聪明的人,'We've got more garages with smart people,' 米德评论说。

我们有更多的车间同时还有聪明的人,米德评论说。

 

6、我们确实是- 'We really 发展起来了thrive在混乱上面。 on anarchy.'

       我们确实是在混乱上面发展起来了。'We really thrive  on anarchy.'

我们确实是在混乱上面发展起来了。

 

7、还有And靠亚洲人。on Asians.

还有靠亚洲人。And on Asians.

   还有靠亚洲人。

 

8、已经,Already,东方人和亚裔美国人 orientals and Asian Americans 构成了- constitute工程技术人员的大多数。 the majority of the engineering staffs在许多硅谷的公司。at many Valley firms.

东方人和亚裔美国人已经构成了Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute许多硅谷公司工程技术人员的大多数。the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.

东方人和亚裔美国人已经构成了许多硅谷公司工程技术人员的大多数。

 

9、 并且 And中国, Chinese,韩国,Korean,菲律宾和印度的工程师们 Filipino and Indian engineers正在毕业are graduating一批批地in droves从加州大学。from California's colleges.

 

并且中国,韩国,菲律宾和印度的工程师们And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers正一批批地从加州大学毕业。 are graduating in droves from California's colleges.

 

并且中国,韩国,菲律宾和印度的工程师们正一批批地从加州大学毕业。

 

10、作为带头人,As the heads是下一代创业者的 of next-generation start-ups, 这些亚裔发明家们these Asian innovators能够凭借can draw on习惯和语言customs and languages 去推动建立更加紧密的联系to forge tighter links 与重要的南太平洋沿岸市场with crucial Pacific Rim markets.

 

作为下一代创业者的带头人,As the heads of next-generation start-ups, 这些亚裔发明家们能够凭借习惯和语言的优势these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages 推动与重要的南太平洋沿岸市场建立更加紧密的联系。to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.

 

作为下一代创业者的带头人,这些亚裔发明家们能够凭借习惯和语言的优势推动与重要的南太平洋沿岸市场建立更加紧密的联系。

 

11、例如, For instance,亚历克斯.奥, Alex Au,一位斯坦福大学的博士, a Stanford Ph. D. 来自香港from Hong Kong,已设立了一家台湾工厂 has set up a Taiwan factory 挑战日本的接近垄断的to challenge Japan's near lock on 记忆芯片市场。the memory-chip market.

 

例如,亚历克斯.奥,一位来自香港的斯坦福大学博士 For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong,已设立了一家台湾工厂挑战日本的几乎垄断记忆芯片市场的局面。 has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.

 

例如,亚历克斯.奥,一位来自香港的斯坦福大学博士,已设立了一家台湾工厂挑战日本几乎垄断记忆芯片市场的局面。

 

12、印度出生的India-born N.达莫奥.雷迪的N.Damodar Reddy's很小的加尼福利亚州公司 tiny California company 重开了reopened一家美国电话电报公司芯片工厂 an AT & T chip plant在堪萨斯城in Kansas City去年春天last spring同时得到了财政支持-with financing由密苏里州提供的。from the state of Missouri.

 

印度出生的N.达莫奥.雷迪的很小的加尼福利亚州公司India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company 去年春天重开了在堪萨斯城的一家美国电话电报公司芯片工厂reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring同时得到了密苏里州提供的财政支持。 with financing from the state of Missouri.

 

印度出生的N.达莫奥.雷迪的很小的加尼福利亚州公司去年春天重开了在堪萨斯城的一家美国电话电报公司芯片工厂,同时得到了密苏里州提供的财政支持。

 

 13、在它成为一个退休村以前,Before it becomes a retirement village, 硅谷Silicon Valley可能会作为一个教室 may prove a classroom为建立一个全球的经济。 for building a global business.

 

在它变成一个退休村以前,Before it becomes a retirement village, 硅谷可能作为一个全球商业的教室。Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.

 

    在硅谷变成一个退休村前,它可能作为建立一个全球商业的教室。

 

 

Lesson 11  How to grow old

             如何安度晚年

1、一些老年人Some old people被压抑 are oppressed被对死亡的惧怕。 by the fear of death.

一些老年人因为对死亡的惧怕感到压抑。Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.

一些老年人因为对死亡的惧怕感到压抑。

 

2、在年轻人身上In the young 有一种正当性there is a justification有这种感觉。for this feeling.

在年轻人身上有这种感觉是正当的。In the young there is a justification for this feeling.

在年轻人身上有这种感觉是正当的。

 

3、年轻人Young men他们有理由 who have reason 害怕那样的事情发生to fear that 他们将会被夺走宝贵的生命they will be killed 在战场上in battle可能是完全正当的may justifiably感到痛苦feel bitter在这样想时in the thought 因为that他们已被剥夺了they have been cheated of最美好的事情 the best things那是生活必须提供给他们的。that life has to offer.

 

年轻人有理由害怕那样的事情发生Young men who have reason to fear that 他们将会在战场上被夺走宝贵的生命they will be killed in battle在这样想时感到痛苦可能是完全正当的may justifiably feel bitter in the thought 因为他们已被剥夺了最美好的事情that they have been cheated of the best things那是生活必须提供给他们的。that life has to offer.

 

年轻人有理由害怕他们会在战场上死去,在想到时感到痛苦也许是完全正当的。因为他们被剥夺了生活中最美好的事情,那些东西本来属于他们。

 

4、 但是But一个老年人 in an old man他已知道了who has known人的快乐与悲伤,human joys and sorrows,并且and已完成了 has achieved所有的工作 whatever work那些工作是 it was 他应该做的,in him to do,害怕死亡 the fear of death是在某种程度上is somewhat使人怜悯并且不受尊重。abject and ignoble.

但是对于一个已知道了人生快乐与悲伤的老年人,But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,并且已经完成了人生该做的事情,and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,害怕死亡在某种程度上使人怜悯并且不受尊重。the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.

 

但对于一个已体验过人生快乐与悲伤的老年人,并且做完了人生该做的事,惧怕死亡在某种程度上使人怜悯并且得不到尊重。

 

 5、最好的办法The best way战胜它 to overcome it 也就是说so至少 at least它似乎是对于我it seems to me是使你的兴趣逐渐广泛 is to make your interests gradually wider 并且and更加的不以自我为中心, more impersonal, 直到until一点一点地bit by bit自我的围墙the walls of the ego 倒塌,recede, 并且and你的生命 your life变得慢慢地融合becomes increasingly merged 在宇宙的生活里。in the universal life.

 

战胜它的最好办法The best way to overcome it 也就是说至少似乎对于我是使一个人的兴趣逐渐广泛so at least it seems to me is to make your interests gradually wider 并且更加的不以自我为中心,and more impersonal, 直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌,until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, 并且你的生命变得慢慢地地融合到宇宙的生活里。and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.

 

战胜惧怕死亡的最好办法-至少对于我似乎是这样的-一个人应当兴趣更加广泛并且不以自我为中心,直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌,并且你的生命变得慢慢地融合到宇宙的生活中。

 

6、个人的存在An individual human existence应该是像一条河流 should be like a river 开始很小,small at first, 狭窄地包含 narrowly contained在它的河岸内,within its banks, 并且and疾速地流淌着rushing热情奔放地passionately经过巨石past boulders 和and越过瀑布。 over waterfalls.

 

个人的存在应该是像一条河流An individual human existence should be like a river 开始很小,small at first, 狭窄地包含在它的河岸内,narrowly contained within its banks, 并且疾速地流淌着、热情奔放地经过巨石越过瀑布。and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.

 

个人的存在应当像河流一样,开始很小,夹在狭窄的河岸内,疾速地流淌着、热情奔放地经过巨石、越过瀑布。

 

7、渐渐地Gradually这条河流the river变得更宽,grows wider,河岸退去, the banks recede, 水流动着the waters flow 更加安静地more quietly, 并且and在最后, in the end,没有任何明显的间隙, without any visible break, 它们变得融合they become merged在大海,in the sea,并且 and 毫无痛苦地painlessly失去了它们的个体生命的存在。 lose their individual being.

 

渐渐地河流变宽了,Gradually the river grows wider,河岸退去, the banks recede, 水更加安静地流动着the waters flow more quietly, 并且在最后,and in the end,没有任何明显的间隙, without any visible break, 它们成为大海的一部分,they become merged in the sea,并且毫无痛苦地失去了-它们的个体生命的存在。 and painlessly lose their individual being.

 

河流渐渐变得更加宽阔,河岸后退,水静静地流淌着,最终悄然无息地汇入大海,生命就这样毫无痛苦的消失了。

 

8、 一个人 The man他,who,在老年时,in old age, 能够看他的生命,can see his life以这种方式in this way, 将不会受折磨于will not suffer from对死亡的恐惧,the fear of death, 因为since那些事the things他所关心的he cares for 将继续。will continue.

 

一个人在老年时能够以这种方式看待生命,The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way,将不会因对于死亡的恐惧而受折磨,will not suffer from the fear of death, 因为那些他所关心的事将继续。since the things he cares for will continue.

 

老年人能够以这种平和的心态对待生命,就不会因恐惧死亡而受到折磨,因为自己的事业后继有人。

 

9、此外,And if,随着精力的减退, with the decay of vitality, 疲惫感增加了,weariness increases,休息的想法 the thought of rest 将不是不受欢迎。will be not unwelcome.

 

此外,随着一个人精力的减退疲惫感会增加,And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases,休息的想法将不是不受欢迎。the thought of rest will be not unwelcome.

 

此外,随着老年人精力的减退,活着很累,长眠未尝不是一件好事。

 

10、我将会希望到死I should wish to die那个时侯 while仍然在工作, still at work, 明白那一点knowing that其他的人们others 将继续进行will carry on 那些事情,what 我不能再做的I can no longer do,并且and满足 content 在想到这一点时in the thought that可能做的事情what was possible已经被做过了。has been done.

         

我希望临死前还在工作,I should wish to die while still at work, 知道其他人将继续完成我无法再做下去的事情, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,并且在想到能做的事已经完成时感到满足。and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.

     

我希望临死前还在工作,想到生命中能够做的事情已完成并且知道其他人将继承我未竟的事业时感到知足。

Lesson 12  Banks and their customers

              银行和顾客

 

1、  当某时When 任何人anyone开一个活期账户opens a current account -在银行- -时,at a bank, 他是正在借出给he is lendin g 这家银行钱, the bank money, 从账户中取钱repayment of which他可以要求he may demand在任何时间at any time, 或者以现金方式either in cash 或者or 通过开一张支票by drawing a cheque使第三人受益。in favour of another person.

 

当任何人在银行开一个活期账户时, When anyone opens a current account at a bank, 他是正在把钱借给银行,he is lending the bank money, 他可以随时从账户中取钱repayment of which he may demand at any time, 或者以现金方式或者开一张第三人受益的支票。either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.

 

任何人在银行开活期账户时就是把钱借给了银行,他可以随时从账户中提款,或者以现金方式或者开一张以第三人为收款人的支票。

 

2、   首先, Primarily, 银行客户关系-是那样的the banker-customer relationship is that –属于债务人和债权人关系--of debtor and creditor –谁是哪一方 who is which取决于 depending on是否 whether 客户的账户the customer's account是存款状态 is in credit或者是透支状态。 or is overdrawn.

 

首先, Primarily, 银行与客户的关系属于债务人和债权人的关系the banker-customer relationship is that --of debtor and creditor 谁是债权人或债务人who is which 取决于客户的账户是结余还是透支。depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.

 

首先, 银行与客户的关系属于债务人和债权人之间的关系,谁是债权人或债务人取决于客户的账户是结余还是透支。

 

3、   而且,But,除了以上in addition to that 基本简单的概念basically simple concept,银行和它的客户the bank and its customer承担着大量的义务owe a large number of obligations对另一方。to one another.

 

而且,But,除了以上基本简单的概念外,in addition to that basically simple concept,银行和它的客户分别对另一方承担着大量的义务。the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations。to one another.

 

而且,除了以上基本简单的概念外,银行和它的客户分别对另一方承担着大量的义务。

 

4、  这些义务中的许多Many of these obligations 会引起问题与纠纷can give rise to problems and complications 但是作为银行的客户,but a bank customer,是不同的, unlike,正如, say, 一个货物的买家,a buyer of goods, 不能抱怨什么cannot complain that 法律对他是不利的。the law is loaded against him.

 

其中的许多义务可能带来问题与纠纷Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications 但是作为银行的客户不同,but a bank customer, unlike,正如,say, 货物买家不能抱怨法律不利于自己。a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.

 

其中的许多义务可能带来问题与纠纷,但是作为银行的客户不同,正如货物买家不能抱怨法律不利于自己。

 

5、  银行The bank必须服从 must obey它的客户的指示,its customer's instructions, 并且不是and not那些任何别的人。those of anyone else.

 

银行必须服从它的客户的指示,The bank must obey its customer's instructions,而不是任何别的人。and not those of anyone else.

 

银行必须服从它的客户的指示,而不是任何别的人。

 

6、  当某时,When,例如,for example,客户a customer首次first开一个账户,opens an account,他指示银行he instructs the bank在它的账户取钱to debit his account 只能承认only in respect属于他本人签字的支票。of cheques draw by himself.

 

    例如,当客户第一次开户时,When, for example, a customer first opens an account,他指示银行只能凭他本人签字的支票从账户提款。he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself.

 

    例如,当客户第一次开户时,他指示银行只能凭他本人签字的支票从账户提款。

 

7、   他给银行He gives the bank他的签名样本,specimens of his signature, and 有很严格的规定there is a very firm rule 那就是that银行没有权利或者权力the bank has no right or authority付出客户的钱to pay out a customer's money按照支票on a cheques 在这张支票上on which它的客户的签名 its customer's signature 是之前被伪造的。has been forged.

 

他将有他亲笔签名的样本提交给银行,He gives the bank specimens of his signature, 并且在这方面有严格的规定and there is a very firm rule 就是银行没有权利或者权力that the bank has no right or authority根据伪造客户签名的支票付出客户的钱。to pay out a customer's money on a cheques on which its customer's signature has been forged.

 

    他将自己亲笔签名的样本提交给银行,并且这方面有严格的规定--就是银行没有权利或者权力根据伪造客户签名的支票提出客户的钱。

 

8、  没有不同之处It makes no difference 即使that这个伪造的签名可能是the forgery may have been 一个非常有技巧的模仿:a very skilful one: 银行必须识别the bank must recognize它的客户的签名。its customer's signature.

 

即使这个签名可能伪造的很好也不例外:It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: 银行必须识别它的客户的签名。the bank must recognize its customer's signature.

 

即使支票上的签名可能伪造的很像也不例外:银行必须识别出它的客户签名。

 

9、  因为这个原因For this reason 没有风险there is no risk对于客户to the customer在实践中,in the practice, 由银行采用的,adopted by banks,   

是印刷客户的名字 of printing the customer's name在他的支票上。on his cheques.

 

因此那种作法对于客户而言没有风险,For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice,银行采用的将客户名字印刷在他的支票上。adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.

 

因此,银行采用的将客户名字印在支票上的作法对于客户而言没有风险。

 

10、        如果这种作法方便伪造,If this facilitates forgery,是银行it is the bank 它将受损失which will lose,不是客户。not the customer.

 

如果这种作法方便伪造,If this facilitates forgery,受损失的是银行不是客户。it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.

 

如果这种作法使伪造支票更容易,受损失的是银行不是客户。

Lesson 13  The search for oil

             探寻石油

 

 

   1、所有最深的洞The deepest holes of all 被钻出are made 为了寻找石油,for oil, 并且and它们 they向下达到 go down to和25,000英尺一样多。 as much as 25,000 feet.

 

所有最深的洞都是为了寻找石油而钻出,The deepest holes of all are made for oil,并且它们向下达到25,000英尺深处。and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet.

 

所有最深的洞都是为了寻找石油而钻出,并且它们向下达到25,000英尺深处。

 

2、而且But我们的确不需要we do not need送人下去to send men down取石油出来,to get the oil out,像as我们必须送人下去we must 在开采其它矿藏时。with other mineral deposits.

 

而且我们的确不需要送人下去将石油取出来,But we not need to send men down to get the oil our,像我们在开采其它的矿藏必须送人下去那样。as we must with other mineral deposits.

 

而且我们的确不需要送人下去将石油取出来,像我们在开采其它矿藏时必须送人下去那样。

 

3、这些洞The holes仅仅是 are only一些钻孔,borings,小于1英尺less than a foot在直径上。in diameter.

 

这些洞只是一些钻孔,The holes are only borings, 直径小于1英尺。less than a foot in diameter.

 

这些洞只是一些钻孔,直径小于1英尺。

 

4、我的专业经历My particular experience主要是 is largely在石油方面 ,in oil, 并且and 寻找石油the search for oil已经做了比较多的贡献 has done more 对于改进深孔钻探技术to improve deep drilling比任何其它的采矿活动。 than any other mining activity.

 

我的专业经历主要是搞石油,My particular experience is largely in oil, 并且and寻找石油对改进深孔钻探技术的贡献比任何其它采矿业多。the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.

 

我的专业经历主要是搞石油,并且寻找石油对改进深孔钻探技术的贡献比任何其它采矿业多。

 

5、 当某时When那件事被决定了 it has been decided在哪里 where我们打算去钻孔, we are going to drill, 我们架起来we put up在地表 at the surface 一个石油井架。an oil derrick.

 

当我们打算在什么地点钻孔的事情决定了时,When it has been decided where we are going to drill, 我们在地表架起一个石油井架。we put up at the surface an oil derrick.

 

当我们决定了钻孔地点时,我们就在地表面架起一个石油井架。

 

6、它必须很高It has to be tall因为because它像it is like一个巨大的滑轮组,a giant block and tackle,并且 and我们必须 we have to 下到地下lower into the ground 和and从地下拉出来 haul out of the ground 很长的一节节钻杆great lengths of drill pipe这个钻杆which 是被带着旋转are rotated 被一个发动机by an engine在顶部at the top 并且and 被安装了are fitted with 一个钻头a cutting bit 在它的底部at the bottom.

   

井架必须很高It has to be tall因为它像一个巨型滑轮组 ,because it is like a giant block and tackle,并且 and我们必须将很长的一节节钻杆钻入地下然后从地下拉出来 we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe钻杆由一个在顶部的发动机带动旋转 which are rotated by an engine at the top 并且and在钻杆的底部安装了一个钻头。are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.

 

    井架必须建得很高,因为它像一个巨型滑轮组,并且我们必须将很长的一节节钻杆钻入地下然后从地下拉出来;钻杆由一个安装在顶部的发动机带动着旋转并且在钻杆的底部安装了一个钻头。

7、地质学家们The geologist需要知道 needs to know 什么样的岩层,what rocks钻头已经到达the drill has reached, 所以so时常地 every so often 一个样品被获取 a sample is obtained 用一个取芯钻头。with a coring bit.

 

地质学家们需要知道钻头到达的岩层,The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, 所以时常地用取芯钻头取样。so every so often

a sample is obtained with a coring bit.

 

地质学家们需要知道钻头到达的岩层,所以时常地用取芯钻头取样。

 

8、它切割出It cuts一段光滑的圆柱形岩石,a clean cylinder of rock, 从这个圆柱形岩石上from which 地层能够被看见can be seen 地层the strata 钻头切割通过的。the drill has been cutting through.

 

它切割出一段光滑的圆柱形岩石,It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, 从这段圆柱形岩石上能够看见钻头钻透的地层。from which  can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.

 

它切割出一段光滑的圆柱形岩石,从这段圆柱形岩石上能够看见钻头钻透的地层。

 

9、一旦Once我们向下到达油层,we get down to the oil, 石油通常流向地表it usually flows to the surface因为巨大的压力because great pressure,来自于地下天然气或者水,either from gas or water,正在推动着它。is pushing it.

一旦我们向下到达油层处,Once we get down to the oil, 石油通常流向地表it usually flows to the surface 因为巨大的-来自于天然气或者水的压力正推动着它。because great pressure, either from gas or water,is pushing it.

 

一旦我们向下到达油层处,石油通常涌向地表,因为巨大的来自于天然气或者水的压力正在推动着它。

 

10、 这个压力- This pressure必须被控制, must be under control,并且 and我们控制它 we control it采用泥土手段by means of the mud 我们使这些泥土循环which we circulate沿着钻杆向下。down the drill pipe.

 

必须控制住这个压力,This pressure must be under control,并且我们采用泥土手段控制它 and we control it by means of the mud我们沿着钻管循环送下泥土。which we circulate down the drill pipe.

 

必须控制住这个压力,并且我们采用沿着钻管循环向下灌入泥土的手段控制它。

 

11、 我们努力地去避免- We endeavour to avoid那种老的,the old,浪漫的想法romantic idea是喷井, of a gusher, 那种做法浪费which wastes石油和天然气。oil and gas.

 

我们努力避免使用古老的,浪漫的使用喷井的想法, We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, 那样做浪费石油和天然气。which wastes oil and gas.

 

我们努力避免使用古老的,浪漫的使用喷井的想法,那样做浪费石油和天然气。

 

 12、我们要 We want它呆在洞下 it to stay down the hole 直到until我们we能够引导它出来can lead it off以一种可控制的方法。 in a controlled manner.

    

我们要让石油留在洞下We want it to stay down the hole 直到我们能够以可控制的方法开采它。until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.

    

我们要让石油留在下面洞里直到我们能够以可控制的方法开采它。

 

Lesson 14  The Butterfly Effect

               蝴蝶效应

 

   1、超出两三天, Beyond two or three days, 世界上最好的天气预报the world's best weather forecasts 是推测的,are speculative, 并且超出六七天and beyond six or seven 它们就没有价值。they are worthless.

 

    世界上最好的天气预报超出两三天是靠推测,Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, 并且它们超出六七天就没有价值。and beyond six or seven they are worthless.

 

预报两三天后的天气即使是世界上最准确的天气预报也是靠推测,并且预报六七天以后的天气就没有任何价值。

 

2、蝴蝶效应The Butterfly Effect是其中的原因。is the reason.

原因是蝴蝶效应。The Butterfly Effect is the reason.

原因是蝴蝶效应。

 

3、对于小片的天气,For small pieces of weather 并且对于一个全球的预报员,and to a global forecaster,小能够意味着 small can mean 雷电交加的暴风雨和暴风雪-thunderstorms and blizzards--任何预测any prediction 准确性下降deteriorates 快速地。rapidly.

对于小片的天气,For small pieces of weather --并且对于一个全球的预报员,--and to a global forecaster,“小”可能意味着雷电交加的暴风雨和暴风雪small can mean -thunderstorms and blizzards—任何天气预报的准确性快速下降。 --any prediction deteriorates rapidly.

对于小片的天气,--对于一个全球的预报员,-- “小”可能意味着雷电交加的暴风雨和暴风雪 —任何天气预报的准确性都将快速下降。

 

 4、错误和不可靠性增加,Errors and uncertainties multiply, 一级级地上升,cascading upward通过一系列的瑞流症状through a chain of turbulent features, 从沙尘暴和暴风from dust devils and squalls发展到大陆尺寸的漩涡 up to continent-size eddies 它们that只有卫星only satellites能够看见。can see.

 

错误和不可靠性增加,Errors and uncertainties multiply, 一级级地通过一系列的瑞流症状上升,cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, 从沙尘暴和暴风发展到只有卫星能够看到的席卷整块大陆的漩涡。from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.

 

预报的错误和不可靠性一级级地通过一系列的瑞流症状上升而增加,从沙尘暴和暴风发展到只有卫星能够看到的席卷整块大陆的漩涡。

 

5、现代气象模型The modern weather models工作 work用一个坐标with a grid 它的各点of points大约是of the order of间隔60英里, sixty miles apart, 并且即使如此,and even so,一些开始的资料- - some starting data不得不has to猜测,guessed, 因为地面工作站和卫星since ground stations and satellites 不能看见所有地方。cannot see everywhere.

 

现代气象模型用一个各点之间相隔大约60英里的坐标方格显示The modern weather models work with a grid of points  of the order of sixty miles apart, 并且即使如此,and even so,有些开始的资料不得不靠推测,some starting data has to guessed, 因为地面工作站和卫星无法看到所有地方。since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.

 

现代气象模型用一个各点之间相隔大约60英里的坐标方格显示并且即使如此, 有些开始的资料不得不靠推测,因为地面工作站和卫星无法看到所有地方。

 

6、而且But假设地球 suppose the earth能够被用传感器覆盖 could be covered with sensors 被隔开一英尺远,spaced one foot apart, 按一英尺的间距向上排列rising at one-foot intervals一直排列到all the way to大气层的顶部。the top of the atmosphere.

 

而且假设地球能够被相隔一英尺远的传感器覆盖But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, 按一英尺的间距向上一直排到大气层的顶部。rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.

 

而且假设地球能够被相隔一英尺远的传感器覆盖,并且按一英尺的间距向上一直排到大气层的顶部。

 

7、假设每一个传感器 Suppose every sensor给出完美精确的读数gives perfectly accurate readings包括温度,of temperature, 压力,pressure, 湿度,humidity, 和任何其它数据and any other quantity 气象学家可能将要的。a meteorologist would want.

 

假设每一个传感器 Suppose every sensor给出完美精确的读数gives perfectly accurate readings包括温度,of temperature, 压力,pressure, 湿度,humidity, 和任何其它数据and any other quantity 气象学家可能将要的。a meteorologist would want.

 

假设每一个传感器都能给出完美精确的读数,包括温度, 压力,湿度和任何其它气象学家需要的数据。

 

8、恰好 Precisely在中午 at noon 一台功能无限强大的计算机an infinitely powerful computer 采集了所有数据takes all the data并且计算出 and calculates将发生什么 what will happen在每一点 at each point在12.01, at 12.01,然后12.02, then 1202,然后12.o3...then 12.03...

 

正好是中午 Precisely at noon 一台功能无限强大的计算机采集了所有的数据an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data并且计算出在每一个时间点会发生什么 and calculates what will happen at each point在12.01, 然后12.02,然后12.o3...at 12.01, then 1202, then 12.03...

 

正好中午,一台功能无限强大的计算机采集了所有相关数据并且计算出在每一个时间点可能会发生的天气变化,在12.01, 然后12.02,然后12.o3…

 

9、这台计算机-The computer 将仍然是不能够will still be unable to预测 predict普林斯顿的天气,whether Princeton, 新泽西州, New Jersey, 将有太阳或下雨。 will have sun or rain某一天on a day一个月以后。one month away.

这台计算机将仍然不能预测新泽西州的普林斯顿天气,The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey,在一个月以后的某一天将是晴天还是下雨。will have sun or rain on a day one month away.

 

这台计算机仍然无法预测一个月以后的某日新泽西州的普林斯顿是晴天还是下雨。

 

11、        在中午At noon 在每两个传感器之间的空间the spaces between the sensors 将掩盖一些波动will hide fluctuations那些波动that计算机将不会知道有关的, the computer will not know about,极小的与平均值的偏差。tiny deviations from the average.

 

中午每两个传感器之间的空间会遮盖住了一些波动At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations计算机不会知道与那些波动有关that the computer will not know about, 极小的与平均值的偏差。tiny deviations from the average.

 

中午,每两个传感器之间的空间都会遮盖住一些波动,计算机无法计算出由于那些波动产生的有关的与平均值的小偏差。

 

12、        到12.01时,By 12.01,那些波动 those fluctuations 将已经造成了will already have created 小错误small errors 一英尺以外。one foot away.

 

到12.01时,By 12.01,那些波动 those fluctuations 将已经造成了will already have created 一英尺外的小错误。small errors one foot away.

 

到12.01时,那些波动就已经造成了一英尺外天气情况预测的小错误。

 

13、        很快 Soon这些错误the errors 将已经增加will have multiplied 到10英尺范围to the ten-foot scale, 并且如此继续and so on上升到 up to全球范围。 the size of the globe.

 

很快这些错误将已经增加10英尺的范围Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, 并且如此继续上升到全球范围。 and so on up to the size of the globe.

 

很快这些错误就增加到10英尺的范围,并且继续一这种方式发展,扩大到全球范围。

                       

 

Lesson 15  Secrecy in industry

             工业中的秘密

 

1、两个因素Two factors严重妨碍了 weigh heavily against 科学研究的效率the effectiveness of scientific research在制造业领域。in industry.

 

两个因素严重妨碍制造业领域的科研效率。Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry.

 

两个因素严重妨碍制造业领域的科研效率。

2、 一个是One is普遍存在的-保密气氛the general atmosphere of secrecy在这个领域in which它被实施, it is carried out, 另一个是the other缺乏自由the lack of freedom对于个人的研究工作者。 of the individual research worker.

 

一个是在这个领域里实行的普遍存在保密气氛One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, 另一个是研究人员缺乏个人自由。the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.

 

一个是这个领域实行的普遍存在的保密气氛,另一个是研究人员缺乏个人自由。

 

3、就其而言In so far as 任何研究any inquiry是一个保密的项目,is a secret one, 它自然地it naturally 限制limits所有那些致力于出成果的人all those engaged in carrying it out有效地避免接触from effective contact with 他们的科学家同行their fellow scientists 或者在其他国家either in other countries 或者在其他大学,or in universities,或者甚至, or even, 经常过分地,often enough,在其他部门。 in other departments属于同一个公司。 of the same firm.

 

就任何研究是一个保密项目而言,In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, 它自然地限制所有那些致力于出成果的人it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out有效地避免接触他们的科学家同行from effective contact with their fellow scientists 或者在其他国家或者在其他大学,either in other countries or in universities,或者甚至经常过分地要求不接触同一个公司的其他部门。 or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm.

 

任何属于保密的研究项目,它自然地限制所有从事科研的人员有效避免接触他们的科学家同行,他们或者在其他国家或者在其他大学,或者甚至经常过分地要求不接触同一个公司其他部门的同事。

 

4、保密的程度The degree of secrecy自然地naturally相差很大。varies considerably.

保密的程度自然相差很大。The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably.

保密的程度自然相差很大。

 

5、 某些比较大的公司Some of the bigger firms从事研究的领域are engaged in researches它们是这样的 which are of such一般性和基础性的性质general and fundamental nature 以至于that它是一个积极的有利条件it is a positive advantage对于他们to them不保守他们的秘密。not to keep them secret.

某些比较大的公司从事研究的领域Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches它们的性质属于那些一般性和基础性的 which are of such general and fundamental nature 以至于对于他们不保守秘密是积极有利的。that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret.

 

某些比较大的公司从事研究的领域性质属于那些一般性和基础性的,以至于对于他们不保守秘密是积极有利的。

 

6、然而Yet 很多工艺程序a great many processes依赖这样一类研究depending on such research 被探索are sought for伴随着完全的保密 with complete secrecy 直到这个阶段until the stage在这个阶段 at which专利权能够被取得。 patents can be taken out.

 

然而很多依赖这样一类研究的工艺程序在被完全保密的情况下进行Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy 直到能够取得专利权的阶段。until the stage at which patents can be taken out.

 

然而很多依赖这类一般性和基础性研究成果的工艺程序在完全保密的情况下进行,直到能够取得专利权的阶段。

 

7、甚至更多的工艺程序Even more processes 是从来没有被授予专利are never patented 完全没有at all而是被保存but kept作为秘密的工艺程序。as secret processes.

 

甚至更多的工艺程序根本就从来没有申请授予专利Even more processes are never patented at all而是作为秘密的工艺程序保存。but kept as secret processes.

甚至更多的工艺程序根本就从来没有申请授予专利,而是作为秘密的工艺程序保存。

 

8、这一做法-特别地-适用于-化学工业, This applies particularly to chemical industries, 在化学工业中where偶然发现-比它们-在物理和机械工业领域所做的-起着更大的作用。 chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries.

 

9、 有时Sometimes 这种保密the secrecy-发展到goes to 这样的一种程度such an extent 以至于that 全部的研究性质the whole nature of the research 不能被提及。cannot be mentioned.

 

有时这种保密发展到这样的程度Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent 以至于全部研究性质不能被提及。that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.

有时这种保密发展到全部研究性质不能被提及的程度。

 

10、许多公司,Many firms,例如, for instance有很大的困难 have great difficulty,在获得 in obtaining技术或科学方面的书籍technical or scientific books从图书馆from libraries 因为because他们不愿意they are unwilling to使得名字被登记,have names entered在取出某某书时as having taken out such and such a book, 因为害怕for fear 其它公司的情报人员the agents of other firms将能够追踪到should be able to trace研究的种类the kind of research他们很可能是they are likely正在进行的。to be undertaking.

 

许多公司,Many firms,例如, for instance在从图书馆获得技术或科学方面的书籍时有很大的困难 have great difficulty, in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries 因为他们不愿意在取出某某书时名字被登记,because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book, 因为害怕其它公司的情报人员能够追踪到他们很可能是正在进行的研究种类。for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.

 

例如,许多公司在从图书馆借技术或科学方面的书籍时很难,因为他们不愿意在借某某书时名字被登记,因为害怕其它公司的情报人员能够追踪到他们很可能正在进行的研究种类。

posted on 2016-05-01 11:55  hongzhez  阅读(2192)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

导航