k8s安装与部署

 一、安装环境

192.168.74.30 master
192.168.74.31 node1
192.168.74.32 node2

 

设置IP：

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=a4e154e3-b735-4e70-9e66-5d74aafd2b19
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.74.32
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.74.2
DNS1=202.96.134.133

systemctl restart network

 

 

 

 二、安装docker

1.每个节点都安装

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce

2.重启docker

systemctl enable docker
systemctl restart docker

 

 二、安装k8s 

1.设置主机名，注意不用使用下划线：

hostnamectl set-hostname master

hostnamectl set-hostname node1

hostnamectl set-hostname node2

 2.设置hosts文件（所有节点）

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.74.30　　master

192.168.74.31　　node1

192.168.74.32　　node2

 

 3.关掉各节点防火墙，安装相关软件（所有节点）

yum install -y conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget vim net-tools git lrzsz
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save

4.关闭各节点selinux（所有节点）

setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

 

5.关闭各节点swap分区（所有节点）

swapoff -a && sed -i  '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g'  /etc/fstab

6.同步各节点的时间，这个时间服务，如果机器可以直通外网，那就按以下命令执行就行（所有节点）

yum -y install chrony
systemctl start chronyd.service
systemctl enable chronyd.service
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
chronyc -a makestep

7.各节点内核调整（所有节点）

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
 
 
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

8.配置各节点k8s的yum源（所有节点）

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

 

9.各节点开启ipvs模块（所有节点）

cat >/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
#modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 #4以上的内核就没有ipv4
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

 chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

 

10.安装k8s软件包，每个节点都需要安装这些软件（所有节点）

#直接装最新的

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.13 kubeadm-1.20.13 kubectl-1.20.13
systemctl enable kubelet

11.编辑配置文件

a.获取默认配置文件

mkdir ~/k8s-install && cd ~/k8s-install

kubeadm config print init-defaults> kubeadm.yaml

b.修改配置文件

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4#默认的信息为1.2.3.4，这里需更改为k8s-master01内网地址ip
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: node#这里定义了节点的名字，需要调整为master
taints: null
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io#需要更改这个，为国内的镜像源registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.22.13#这段需要注意，为你的版本，如果存在差异，记得调整为一致状态
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16#这段为新增，添加pod网段，设置容器内网络
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}

 

12.下载相关镜像文件

[root@master k8s-install]# kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.20.13
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.20.13
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.20.13
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.20.13
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.13-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0

13.初始化集群 

[root@master k8s-install]# kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml

 14.拷贝k8s认证文件

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 

15.安装pod网络插件（目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案 calico）

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml -O
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

 16.加入集群(node节点）

kubeadm join 192.168.74.30:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fa87d21b98b277b2193cf151e0e3d984293ea57774a42afe73d559e04924ba45

 

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63004677/article/details/129816419

 三、安装dashboard

1.创建yaml文件 

vi recommended.yaml

copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}

 

2.创建服务

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml 

3.查看服务

[root@master k8s-install]# kubectl get svc -A | grep kubernetes-dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.101.206.71   <none>        8000/TCP                 54s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.111.89.163   <none>        443:31239/TCP            55s

4.打开dashboard

https://192.168.74.30:31239/#/login

 

5、创建访问账号

vi dash.yaml

# 创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

 

kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

 

6、获取访问令牌

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

 得到的令牌输入浏览器

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IktHV3ozTDlWcW9mejROVGNEbU9feWNEc1JLTW5zVGtBRzBpU3BnYzhkaG8ifQ.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.pFyi4Lmj6etNUs7AEy6EKDnJjh3kWHW5krnKGGVSqE0qz8DS0xshIGTClnFcxssjNjeiA_qRU7T-j83XjunKCkTQKe46hlGeqS60-KY3xQhXQBbDJ9ep2Zz3YMzRD9IPsQl5PxewQ5DfNkUjoZsi5jfkiD6mNHHE-ecd4oVJR7-Vp300M76DTToQEpgH4A3ph4fmStmlyQYFQi09yKhM1RBPg0w-O9p-oH_21uG6ZEjp40ElNzmymvl8UoyMSN2wDnhgsGBq9Smsay_FtwA8kgcGns13i01B62fuLV6hf0UsciBbPpe_kmpFIy7d_s-Zim_v7MvURIy6u7iXEy9acA

　　

常见报错：

1.It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy.

　　解决方法：

2.nodeRegistration.name: Invalid value: "k8s_master": a lowercase RFC 1123 subdomain must consist of lower case alphanumeric characters, '-' or '.

　　解决方法：原因是主机名有特殊符号，修改主机名

3.To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

 

4.Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.

　　解决方法：https://blog.csdn.net/chshgod1/article/details/124574733

 5.[ERROR CRI]: container runtime is not running:

　　解决方法：

[root@master:~] rm -rf /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@master:~] systemctl restart containerd

 

 

 

 

error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR FileAvailable–etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-apiserver.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml already exists
[ERROR FileAvailable–etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-controller-manager.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml already exists
[ERROR FileAvailable–etc-kubernetes-manifests-kube-scheduler.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml already exists
[ERROR FileAvailable–etc-kubernetes-manifests-etcd.yaml]: /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml already exists
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with --ignore-preflight-errors=...
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
解决：

kubeadm reset

报错二：
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn’t running or healthy.
[kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to ‘curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz’ failed with error: Get “http://localhost:10248/healthz”: dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.

出现报错后，执行 tail /var/log/messages > error
查看报错信息：

cat error
1
Jun 9 22:15:56 master kubelet: E0609 22:15:56.367821 12257 node_container_manager_linux.go:61] “Failed to create cgroup” err=“Cannot set property TasksAccounting, or unknown property.” cgroupName=[kubepods]
Jun 9 22:15:56 master kubelet: E0609 22:15:56.367834 12257 kubelet.go:1431] “Failed to start ContainerManager” err=“Cannot set property TasksAccounting, or unknown property.”
Jun 9 22:15:56 master systemd: kubelet.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jun 9 22:15:56 master systemd: Unit kubelet.service entered failed state.
Jun 9 22:15:56 master systemd: kubelet.service failed.

更新 systemd

[root@master ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.23.1
[root@master ~]# yum info systemd
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Installed Packages
Name : systemd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 219
Release : 78.el7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
yum list kubelet
卸载现有的低版本
yum remove systemd
重新安装高版本
yum install systemd
kubeadm reset
重新初始化：
kubeadm init --config kubeadm-init.yaml

我出现该报错的原因是使用的rhel7.3，systemd版本太低，更新systemd后重新初始化成功。
出现该问题的原因还可能是kubelet的cgroup driver和containerd的 cgroup driver二者不一致致使kubelet启动失败。我这里使用的kubele和container的 cgroup driver是systemd。