[Leetcode]676.Implement Magic Dictionary

链接:LeetCode676

实现一个带有buildDict, 以及 search方法的魔法字典。

对于buildDict方法,你将被给定一串不重复的单词来构建一个字典。

对于search方法,你将被给定一个单词,并且判定能否只将这个单词中一个字母换成另一个字母,使得所形成的新单词存在于你构建的字典中。

示例 1:

Input: buildDict(["hello", "leetcode"]), Output: Null
Input: search("hello"), Output: False
Input: search("hhllo"), Output: True
Input: search("hell"), Output: False
Input: search("leetcoded"), Output: False

相关标签:字典树

又是一道典型的字典树类型题。这题考察的关键点是,在给出一个word后,判定能否只将这个单词中一个字母换成另一个字母,使得新单词在字典树中。那么,我们可以通过递归判定:

  • 如果这个词还没有进行更新,我们需要判断在哪个位置的字符进行更换。
  • 如果这个词已经进行了更新,我们只需要判定更新后的词是否在字典树即可。
    注意,当出现“hello,hallo”的组合时,查找hello,应该判定为正确。也就是说,我们在循环过程中,当该字符出现在字典树中,我们既要考察不更新的情况,也要考察更新的情况。

代码如下:

python:

import collections
class Node():
    def __init__(self):
        self.children = collections.defaultdict(lambda:Node())
        self.isWord = False

class Trie():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = Node()

    def insert(self,word):
        cur = self.root
        for w in word:
            cur = cur.children[w]
        cur.isWord= True

    def isWord(self,word,node):
        for w in word:
            if w not in node.children:return False
            node = node.children[w]
        return node.isWord

    def search(self,word):
        cur = self.root
        return self.searchWithNode(word,cur)

    def searchWithNode(self,word,node):
        if not word:return False
        for child in node.children:
            if child == word[0] and self.searchWithNode(word[1:],node.children[child]):
                return True
            if child != word[0] and self.isWord(word[1:],node.children[child]):
                return True
        return False



class MagicDictionary:
    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.tree = Trie()

    def buildDict(self, dict: List[str]) -> None:
        """
        Build a dictionary through a list of words
        """
        for word in dict:
            self.tree.insert(word)

    def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if there is any word in the trie that equals to the given word after modifying exactly one character
        """
        return self.tree.search(word)


# Your MagicDictionary object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MagicDictionary()
# obj.buildDict(dict)
# param_2 = obj.search(word)
posted @ 2020-02-06 16:10  Jamest  阅读(141)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报