[Android学习笔记]View的measure过程学习

 

View从创建到显示到屏幕需要经历几个过程:

 

measure -> layout -> draw

 

measure过程:计算view所占屏幕大小
layout过程:设置view在屏幕的位置
draw过程:绘制view

 

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继承自view的控件的measure过程

 

view.measure(int,int)方法有什么作用?

 

 

view.measure(int,int)用于询问(或称为设置)当前view需要(想要)占用多大得空间。
简单理解为，为view申请两个int值大小的尺寸的控件

 

View.java

/***
     * <p>
     * This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
     * supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * The actual mesurement work of a view is performed in
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, called by this method. Therefore, only
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} can and must be overriden by subclasses.
     * </p>
     *
     *
     * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
     *        parent
     * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
     *        parent
     *
     * @see #onMeasure(int, int)
     */
    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {

            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
                ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
            }

            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        }

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
    }

 

 

从源码看，我们需要关注的几个方法有:
onMeasure(int,int);                 //如有需求，需重写
setMeasuredDimension(int,int);//保存结果
getDefaultSize(int,int);         //原逻辑
getSuggestMinimumHeight(); //原逻辑
getSuggestMinimumWidth();  //原逻辑

MeasureSpec类
MeasureSpec.getMode();
MeasureSpec.getSize();
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY

回过头说，什么时候会用到view.measure(int,int)?
通常情况下，很少显式调用view.measure(int,int)方法，除非是需要根据需求变更view的大小和位置
更多调用view.measure(int,int)方法的是android框架本身，当绘制创建控件时候，android框架会调用此方法
询问view需要多大的空间。

 

说到这，可以知道两个参数widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec的作用了。
measure方法中的两个参数是父类传递过来给当前view的一个建议值,即想把当前view的尺寸
设置为宽widthMeasureSpec,高heightMeasureSpec

 

回到View源码中可以看到，在调用measure(int,int)之后，如果与old值不相等则会回调view的onMeasure(int,int)方法
进行具体实质性的view大小的计算.
(所以，如果你想对自己的view进行一些定制，则需要重写view的onMeasure(int,int)方法，把定制代码写在此方法中)
(注意:从measure源码可以得知，重写onMeasure方法时候记得要调用setMeasuredDimension(int,int)，否则在measure中会抛出IllegalStateException异常)

 

    /***
     * <p>
     * Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
     * measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
     * should be overriden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
     * measurement of their contents.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * <strong>CONTRACT:</strong> When overriding this method, you
     * <em>must</em> call {@link #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)} to store the
     * measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
     * <code>IllegalStateException</code>, thrown by
     * {@link #measure(int, int)}. Calling the superclass'
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} is a valid use.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size,
     * unless a larger size is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should
     * override {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to provide better measurements of
     * their content.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * If this method is overridden, it is the subclass's responsibility to make
     * sure the measured height and width are at least the view's minimum height
     * and width ({@link #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()} and
     * {@link #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()}).
     * </p>
     *
     * @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
     *                         The requirements are encoded with
     *                         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
     * @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
     *                         The requirements are encoded with
     *                         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
     *
     * @see #getMeasuredWidth()
     * @see #getMeasuredHeight()
     * @see #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)
     * @see #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
     * @see #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
     * @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getMode(int)
     * @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getSize(int)
     */
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

 

其中涉及到三个方法:
setMeasuredDimension(int,int)
getDefaultSize(int,int)            //原实现
getSuggestedMinimumHeight();//原实现
getSuggestedMinimumWidth(); //原实现

 

setMeasuredDimension:

    /***
     * <p>
     * Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
     * measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
     * should be overriden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
     * measurement of their contents.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * <strong>CONTRACT:</strong> When overriding this method, you
     * <em>must</em> call {@link #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)} to store the
     * measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
     * <code>IllegalStateException</code>, thrown by
     * {@link #measure(int, int)}. Calling the superclass'
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} is a valid use.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size,
     * unless a larger size is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should
     * override {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to provide better measurements of
     * their content.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * If this method is overridden, it is the subclass's responsibility to make
     * sure the measured height and width are at least the view's minimum height
     * and width ({@link #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()} and
     * {@link #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()}).
     * </p>
     *
     * @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
     *                         The requirements are encoded with
     *                         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
     * @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
     *                         The requirements are encoded with
     *                         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
     *
     * @see #getMeasuredWidth()
     * @see #getMeasuredHeight()
     * @see #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)
     * @see #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
     * @see #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
     * @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getMode(int)
     * @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getSize(int)
     */
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

 

 

getDefaultSize:

    /***
     * Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the
     * MeasureSpec imposed no contraints. Will get larger if allowed
     * by the MeasureSpec.
     *
     * @param size Default size for this view
     * @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent
     * @return The size this view should be.
     */
    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize =  MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

 

 

getSuggestedMinimumHeight:

    /***
     * Returns the suggested minimum height that the view should use. This
     * returns the maximum of the view's minimum height
     * and the background's minimum height
     * ({@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable#getMinimumHeight()}).
     * <p>
     * When being used in {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, the caller should still
     * ensure the returned height is within the requirements of the parent.
     *
     * @return The suggested minimum height of the view.
     */
    protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
        int suggestedMinHeight = mMinHeight;

        if (mBGDrawable != null) {
            final int bgMinHeight = mBGDrawable.getMinimumHeight();
            if (suggestedMinHeight < bgMinHeight) {
                suggestedMinHeight = bgMinHeight;
            }
        }

        return suggestedMinHeight;
    }

 

getSuggestedMinimumWidth:

    /***
     * Returns the suggested minimum width that the view should use. This
     * returns the maximum of the view's minimum width)
     * and the background's minimum width
     *  ({@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable#getMinimumWidth()}).
     * <p>
     * When being used in {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, the caller should still
     * ensure the returned width is within the requirements of the parent.
     *
     * @return The suggested minimum width of the view.
     */
    protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        int suggestedMinWidth = mMinWidth;

        if (mBGDrawable != null) {
            final int bgMinWidth = mBGDrawable.getMinimumWidth();
            if (suggestedMinWidth < bgMinWidth) {
                suggestedMinWidth = bgMinWidth;
            }
        }

        return suggestedMinWidth;
    }

 

setMeasuredDimension(int,int)方法
保存了传入的建议尺寸

 

getDefaultSize(int,int)方法
获取一个默认值

 

getSuggestedMinimumHeight()方法
获取此控件的最小可用值(如果设置了android:minHeight

 

getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法
获取此控件的最小可用值(如果设置了android:minWidth

 

View源码中可以看到,关键在于getDefaultSize(int,int)方法它，返回最终传递给setMeasuredDimension(int,int)方法的数据，view就用这两个int值最为view的宽高了

getDefaultSize(int,int)中关键在于MeasureSpec类

MeasureSpec类封装了父ivew传递给子view的布局要求，每个MeasureSpc实例代表宽度和高度要求

MeasureSpec.getMode(int)方法

将根据传入的int测量值获取一个对应的模式:
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:未指定.即父元素对子元素无任何限制
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:表示确定大小.即父元素决定子元素的确切大小
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:至多.即子元素最多能到达的大小
(这三个模式与match_parent,wrap_parent的关系十分紧密，之后详细研究)

 

MeasureSpec.getSize(int)
根据传入的int测量值获取一个int值表达控件的大小

 

MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode)方法
根据提供的大小值和模式，创建一个测量值

android原实现中getDefaultSize(int,int)可以看到
如果模式为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED，最终大小就是我们申请的大小，如果模式为
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST或者case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY，则最终结果则为MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec)的结果

 

 

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好了，到此android中view的默认实现过程基本结束，做一个简单总结:

1.父类调用view.measure(int,int)，传入测量值，建议值
2.子view回调onMeasure(int,int)，计算得到最终view的尺寸大小
3.测量过程结束，进行layout过程

所以,如果你自定义一个控件时，对其尺寸有特殊要求，则重写view的onMeasure(int.int)方法对尺寸进行定制即可
(算完之后记得调用setMeasuredDimension(int,int)方法保存计算结果和设置标志，否则抛出异常)

 

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最后：
以上都是个人理解，难免错漏，如需深入研究请转至大神博客:

http://blog.csdn.net/qinjuning/article/details/8074262