【原】【BG】-一次虚拟化环境实践简要记录

部分涉及到Linux、Nginx、tomcat、MySQL等的点滴操作记录，时间长了，就忘掉了，偶尔整理一下操作的history，就此简要备份一下：

【原】【BG】-一次虚拟化环境实践简要记录： https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/8862640.html l

【原】【BG】KVM虚拟化管理 virt manager常用操作：https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/9540812.html

【原】【BG】三块SAS新磁盘RAID扩展及LVM、mdadm与数据备份等：https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/9889220.html

【原】【BG】多tomcat+Nginx+Mysql+多服务环境配置及部分过程记录：https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/9889158.html

SQL相关：

【原】【BG】部分问题处理SQL：https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/9640356.html

【原】【BG】【SQL之二】批量生成SQL语句及多表查询：https://www.cnblogs.com/haochuang/p/9889491.html

前几天，搞了一台PowerEdge R720机架服务器，在上面搭建了一套虚拟化环境，将一台硬件虚成了多台，满足基本使用。

恰好今天有空，这里做一下简单的记录。

1.过去的记忆

上次搞虚拟化之类服务器这种事情，还是2011年的时候了。

记得那时候用的还是Ubuntu 11.04，而且那时候搞得比现在要复杂得多，那时候Openstack才刚刚兴起，还不稳定，整天看的都是英文文档，在与openstack的各种不稳定作斗争；

那时候我去还参与openstack初期时候的中国区会议，还申请帮忙一起进行活动场地相关准备与支持性工作；

转眼这些年，技术迭代了Docker、K8S，热门技术又变了，沧海桑田一般。

2.关于云的看法

另外关于自建服务器，可能每个人的观点不同。我自己的看法如下：

1.相对具体的数据本身而言，选择云服务器比本地服务器，更为安全；我这里说的安全，是指数据不丢失，是云本身的IAAS层RAID+多副本+异地灾备等天然属性所决定的；但账号密码等上层应用服务层的安全是另外一回事；很多人认为云不安全，其实是对后者不放心；但就IAAS层而言，还无争议的肯定是云服务更安全；

2.云服务的成本更低，效率更高；选择云服务，云服务供应商的规模化运营降低了成本，技术资源更强大，处理问题更快；本地的话可能需要运维人员，需要另外增加额外成本，而且单枪匹马，难以与一个技术team的战斗力匹敌；

3.云服务集成的第三方附加产品可以使用，很多不需要再去自建，节省时间；

4.云服务扩展更灵活，按需采购使用，而不是像本地，搭建环境时候的架构本身就决定了可以支撑多少计算、存储、网络能力；

。。。

anyway，做好当下的事情，说干就干，我先把云服务搞起来再说，前几天已经高过了，现在将部分要点简要记录一下；

在搞得过程中，我参考了部分其他人的经验，部分可能还有用处，参考的部分URL如下：

QEMU-KVM安装部署虚拟机：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143292.htm

CentOS 7下如何配置KVM虚拟化环境：https://www.centos.bz/2018/02/centos-7%E4%B8%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEkvm%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/

Centos7.4安装kvm虚拟机（使用virt-manager管理）：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8377645.html
KVM 虚拟化 virsh，virt-manager 删除虚拟机：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/140009.htm
centos7 通过kvm+vnc 实现远程桌面虚拟化和创建windows、Linux虚拟机：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21398167/article/details/46413107
KVM和远程管理工具virt-manager的部署：https://blog.csdn.net/qq271757232/article/details/18949707

本来想详细分步骤记录一下，但是时间紧急，就偷懒了，我先把主要思路写一下，然后通过history中把之前部分用到的命令贴出来，如果有需要的可以参考；

-------------------------------------------------------------------

基本步骤要点：

1.先检查硬件配置，并给硬件设备做RAID；

2.下载系统镜像，推荐CentOS或者UbuntuServer版本；

3.使用USB制作虚拟启动盘；

4.使用虚拟盘安装操作系统；

5.Centos网络与桥接配置等；

6.虚拟化层（Virt-manager\QEMU-KVM）安装；

7.VNC-Viewer安装；

8.虚拟机镜像制作；

9.虚拟机集群规划管理，单台虚拟机启动与配置等；

10.虚拟机内部环境配置，虚拟机之间配置与管理；

-------------------------------------------------------------------

硬件服务器：戴尔PowerEdge R720 机架式服务器

具体操作步骤，现在不详细记录了，我直接history了一下操作的部分历史如下，供参考：

[root@localhost ~]# history | cut -c 8- > history
su - haochuang
clear
yum install -y net-tools
dmesg |grep eth
ls /sbin
ls /sbin/if*
ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ls
cat ifcfg-em1
dmesg |grep -in  eth
ifconfig
cat /etc/default/grub 
yum install -n net-tools
cat /etc/default/grub 
service start network
service restart network
sudo reboot
yum install -n net-tools
yum install -y net-tools
ping www.baidu.com
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ls -la
vi ifcfg-em1
cat ifcfg-em1
cat ifcfg-em2
cat ifcfg-em1
vi ifcfg-em1
sudo reboot
ping www.baidu.com
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cd  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ls
cp ifcfg-em1 ifcfg-eth0
vi ifcfg-eth0 
service network restart
systemctl
ifup eth1
ifup eth0
systemctl
systemctl list-unit-files
vi ifcfg-eth0 
ls 
cp ifcfg-em1 ifcfg-em0
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-em1
service network restart
systemctl
ifdown ifcfg-em1
ifup ifcfg-em1
ip addr
cat ifcfg-em1
ifdown ifcfg-em1
ifup ifcfg-em1
find / name  "ifconfig"
find / name  "ifconfig" | more
/etc/init.d/network  restart
systemctl
ip addr
ip link whow
ip link show
ip addr show
ls -la
cat ifcfg-em1
cat ifcfg-em4
vi ifcfg-em4
ifup ifcfg-em4
ip addr
ifconfig
ping www.baidu.com
service sshd status
yum install net-tools
ifconfig
pwd
ls -la
cat ifcfg-em4
uname -a
arch
cat lsb_release
cat /prod/lsb_release
yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils
yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utilslsmod | grep kvm
lsmod | grep kvm
systemctl start libvirt
yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils
systemctl start libvirtd
systemctl enable libvirtd
pwd
ls -la
cp ifcfg-em0 ifcfg-br0
vi ifcfg-br0 
ping 192.168.1.100
ping 192.168.1.101
ping 192.168.1.200
vi ifcfg-br0 
ls -la
cp ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-bond0
vi ifcfg-bond0 
ifconfig
vi ifcfg-br0 
ifconfig
systemctl  restart network
ls -la
vi ifcfg-bond0 
vi ifcfg-em4
cat ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-bond0 
mv ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-em4.bak
mv ifcfg-bond0  ifcfg-em4
ifconfig
ifconfig | more
systemctl  restart network
ifconfig |
systemctl  restart network | moew
systemctl  restart network | more
systemctl  restart network 
ls -la
vi ifcfg-br0 
vi ifcfg-em4
systemctl  restart network 
systemctl status network.service
ifdown ifcfg-br0
ifdown ifcfg-em4
vi ifcfg-em4
ifdown ifcfg-em4
ifconfig
ifup br0
ifup ifcfg-em4
vi ifcfg-em4
ifconfig
vi ifcfg-em4   
systemctl status network.service
systemctl  restart network 
systemctl status network.service
ls-la
ls -la
ip addr
ip a
ifup ifcfg-br0 
ip addr
ip a
ifconfig
ifconfig | more
ls /vat/lib/libvirt/images
ls /var/lib/libvirt/images
ls /var/kvm/images
mkdir -p /var/kvm/images
ls /var/kvm/images
man virt-manager
ifconfig | more
cat ifcfg-em4
cat ifcfg-br0
vi ifcfg-em4
systemctl  restart network 
ifdown ifcfg-em4
ifdown ifcfg-br0
ifconfig | more
ifup ifcfg-br0
ifconfig | more
ifup ifcfg-em4
cat ifcfg-em4
cat ifcfg-br0
df -lh
egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
yum install epel-release net-tools vim unzip zip wget 
ping www.baidu.com
ifup  ifcfg-br0
ping www.baidu.com
ifconfig
ifconfig | more
ifup  ifcfg-br0
systemctl  restart network 
ping www.baidu.com
vi ifcfg-em4
systemctl  restart network 
ifup ifcfg-em4
ifdown ifcfg-em4
ifup ifcfg-em4
ip a
ifup ifcfg-br0
ifdown ifcfg-br0
ifup ifcfg-br0
ping www.baidu.com
systemctl  restart network 
ping www.baidu.com
vi ifcfg-br0
vi ifcfg-em4
ls -la
cp ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-em4.bak.201804081511
ls -la
vi ifcfg-em4
systemctl  restart network 
system status network.service
systemctl  status network.service
ls
mv ifcfg-eth0  bak.ifcfg-eth0
mv ifcfg-em0 bak.ifcfg-em0
ls
mv ifcfg-em4.bak bak.ifcfg-em4.bak
ls
mv ifcfg-em4.bak.201804081511   bak.ifcfg-em4.bak.201804081511 
ls -la
la
ls
sudo reboot
ifcondfig
ifconfig
ifconfig | moer
ifconfig | more
ping www.baidu.com
ip  addr
service network restart
cd /etc/networks/
cd /sysconfig
ls
cd /
ls
cd /etc/sysconfig/network
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ls -la
ip a
cat ifcfg-br0
cat ifcfg-em4
 ip addr show
 ip addr 
cat ifcfg-br0
vi ifcfg-br0
cat ifcfg-br0
cat ifcfg-em4
vi ifcfg-br0
cat ifcfg-em4
systemctl restart nwtwork
systemctl restart network
journalctl -xe
cat /var/log/messages | grep network
vi /etc/resolv.conf 
vi /var/log/messages 
systemctl restart network
journalctl -xe
arp -a
ifconfig
ifconfig | more
ping 192.168.1.1
journalctl -xe
service ssh status
service sshd status
journalctl -xe | more
cat /var/log/messages | grep network
clear
cat /var/log/messages | grep network | more
exit
ifconfig
yum install epel-release net-tools vim unzip zip wget ftp -y
ping www.baidu.com
ifconfig
service network  restart
journalctl -xe
ls -la
cd /etc/sysconfig/
ls -la
cd network
cd network-scripts/
ls -la
vi ifcfg-br0
service network restart
systemctl status net
systemctl status network.service
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
systemctl start network.service
ifconfig
journalctl -xe
egrep '(vmx|svm)' --color=always /proc/cpuinfo
lsmod | grep kvm
sestatus
yum install kvm libvirt python-virtinst qemu-kvm virt-viewer tunctl bridge-utils avahi dmidecode qemu-kvm-tools virt-manager qemu-img virt-instal
l net-tools libguestfs-tools -ysystemctl start libvirtd
systemctl enable libvirtd
virsh -c qemu:///system list
ifconfig
yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils -y
systemctl start libvirtd
systemctl enable libvirtd
systemctl status libvirtd
systemctl is-enabled libvirtd
pwd
ls -la
cd
pwd
cd /home
ls -la
groupadd haogroup
useradd -g haogroup -d /home/haoop -m haoop -p haoop
ls -la
su - haochuang
mkdir iso
ls -la
cd iso
ls -la
cd ..
ls -la
mkdir -p /home/kvm-bak
ls -la
vi /etc/sudoers
yum install vsftpd 
vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
service vsftpd restart 
su - haochuang
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
/etc/init.d/messagebus restart
yum install -y kvmvirt-*  libvirt  bridge-utils qemu-img
virt-install
/etc/init.d/libvirtd start
mkdir /data/
ls -la
cd da
cd /data
ls -la
cat /proc/cpuinfo
virt-install --name  scm --ram 8096 --disk path=/data/scm.img,size=30 --vcpus 2 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --network bridge=br0 --graphic
s none --console pty,target_type=serial --location'http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/' --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial' virt-install --name  scm --ram 8096 --disk path=/data/scm.img,size=30 --vcpus 2 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --network bridge=br0 --graphic
s none --console pty,target_type=serial --location'http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/' --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'virt-install --name  scm --ram 8096 --disk path=/data/scm.img,size=30 --vcpus 2 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --network bridge=br0 --graphic
s none --console pty,target_type=serial --location 'http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/' --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial' pwd
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep X11Forwarding
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
passwd haoop
pwd
ls -la
cd /home
ls -la
chown haoop:haogroup iso -R
ls -la
cd iso/
ls -la
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5910/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
yum install tigervnc
yum -y install tigervnc-server
ls -la
pwd
cd ..
ls -la
cp iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso kvm-bak/
cd kvm-bak/
ls -la
cd ..
ls -la
chown haoop:haogroup kvm-bak -R
ls -la
cd kvm-bak/
ls -la
su - haoop
ls -la
virt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name hao --ram=8096 --vcpus=3 --disk path=/home/kvm-bak/vm-images/hao.img,size=10,bus=virtio --c
drom /home/kvm-bak/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratels /home/kvm-bak/vm-images
rm -rf /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/hao.img 
virt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name hao --ram=8096 --vcpus=3 --disk path=/home/kvm-bak/vm-images/hao.img,size=10,bus=virtio --c
drom /home/kvm-bak/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratevirt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name haotest --ram=8096 --vcpus=3 --disk path=/home/kvm-bak/vm-images/hao.img,size=10,bus=virtio
 --cdrom /home/kvm-bak/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratevirt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name haotest --ram=8096 --vcpus=3 --disk path=/home/kvm-bak/vm-images/haotest.img,size=10,bus=vi
rtio --cdrom /home/kvm-bak/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratels -la
cd vm-images/
ls -la
virsh console haotest
ping www.baidu.com
w
ps -ef | grep virsh
kill -9 16381
pwd
ls -la
cd
ls -la
cd /home
ls -la
cd ..
ls -la
cd data
ls -la
virt-namager
virt-manager
ls -la
rm -rf scm.img 
ls -la
virt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name vm1 --ram=768 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/vm-images/vm1.img,size=10,bus=virtio --location 'http:
//mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/' --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratevirt-manager
ssh -X 192.168.1.200
virt-manager
clear
virsh --help |grep undefine
virsh list --all
virsh destory scm
virsh destroy scm
yum -y install http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx
yum -y install gcc python-devel pip install numpy
mkdir /application/
cd /application/ 
git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
git clone https://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git 
wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz
netstat -an |grep 5901
service vncserver restart
yum -y install wget
wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz
ls -la
cd sqlite-3.5.6/
tar -xvf sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz 
cd sqlite-3.5.6/
ls -la
./configure --disable-tcl
make;make install
cd /application/webvirtmgr
ls -la
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install -r 
cat requirements.txt
./manage.py syncdb
rpm -y install django
pip install -r requirements.txt
yum -y install pip
export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH  
export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python27/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
source .zshrc
yum -y install pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
yum install epel-release
yum install -y python-pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
./manage.py syncdb
./manage.py createsuperuser
mkdir -pv /var/www
mkdir -p /var/www
cp -Rv /application/webvirtmgr /var/www/webvirtmgr
vi /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd 
vi /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf 
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
systemctl restart  libvirtd.service
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
yum install -y nginx
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
ifconfig
ll /home/kvm-bak/vm-images
ll /home/kvm-bak/
clear
yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils
lsmod | grep kvm
 systemctl start libvirtd 
systemctl enable libvirtd
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ls
cat ifcfg-br0
systemctl restart network
systemctl status network.service
clear
ifconfig
virt-install --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --name haochuang --ram=8096 --vcpus=3 --disk path=/home/kvm-bak/vm-images/haochuang.img,size=10,bus=virtio -
-cdrom /home/kvm-bak/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics none --noautoconsole  --acceleratefirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5910/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
virsh list --all
virsh start hao
virsh start haochuang
cat /proc/cpuinfo | egrep ‘vmx|svm’ 
cat /proc/cpuinfo | egrep 'vmx|svm'
virsh list
virsh list --all
history
lsmod | grep kvm
ll /dev/kvm
brctl show
ifconfig |head -20
 ping www.baidu.com
yum -y install libcanberra-gtk2 qemu-kvm.x86_64 qemu-kvm-tools.x86_64  libvirt.x86_64 libvirt-cim.x86_64 libvirt-client.x86_64
yum -y install libcanberra-gtk2 qemu-kvm.x86_64 qemu-kvm-tools.x86_64  libvirt.x86_64 libvirt-cim.x86_64 libvirt-client.x86_64 libvirt-java.noarc
h  libvirt-python.x86_64 libiscsi-1.7.0-5.el6.x86_64  dbus-devel virt-clone tunctl virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinstyum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum install -y dejavu-lgc-sans-fonts
yum groupinstall -y "Fonts"
systemctl enable libvirtd
systemctl start libvirtd
ll /data/iso
ll /data
mkdir -p /data/iso
ls -la
ls /home/iso/
cp /home/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso  /data/iso
ls /data/iso
netstat -anp | grep 5901
yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer
brctl show
lscpu
ls /var/lib/libvirt/images
ls -la
ls /data/iso/
virt-install --name haochuangVM0409 --ram 8096 --vcpus 3 -f /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/haochuangVM0409.qcow2 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel6 --network brid
ge=br0 --cdrom /data/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920rpm -qf /usr/bin/virt-install
ls /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
virt-install --os-variant list
virsh list --all
/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
modprobe kvm
systemctl stop firewalld.service
modprobe kvm-intel 
lsmod | grep kvm 
yum install -y qemu-kvm libvirt virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools
yum install vnc-server tigervnc -y
vncpasswd
qemu-img create -o preallocation=metadata -f qcow2 /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/cent7.qcow2 20G
ls /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/cent7.qcow2 -la
netstat -an | grep 5902
ps -ef | grep vnc
yum install vnc-server tigervnc -y
service vnc status
/bin/systemctl tatus
/bin/systemctl status
ps aux | grep kvm 
iptables -L
ls /etc/systemd/system/vncservice@:6.service
ls /etc/systemd/system/vncservice
ls /etc/systemd/system/vncservice*
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service
sudo systemctl daemon.reload
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
service vncserver restart  
vncserver  
 service vncserver restart  
yum groupinstall Desktop
ping  www.baidu.com
yum install tigervnc-server
yum install xorg-x11-fonts-Type1
vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
service vncserver restart
yum update
vncserver -kill :1
service vncserver stop
service vncserver restart
service vncserver start
service vncserver restart
 yum check-update
yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal nautilus-open-terminal control-center liberation-mono-fonts
yum install tigervnc-server -y
ls /etc/systemd/system/
cd /etc/systemd/system/
ls
ls /lib/systemd/sytem/vncserver@.service
ls /lib/systemd/sytem/vncserver
ls /lib/systemd/sytem/vncserver*
ls /lib/systemd/sytem/
ls /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
ls -la /tmp
ls -la /tmp/.X11-unix
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix
rm -rf /tmp/.XIM-unix
ls -la /tmp
curl -s checkip.dyndns.org|sed -e 's/.*Current IP Address: //' -e 's/<.*$//'
systemctl disable vncserver@:1.service
systemctl  enabled  vncserver@:1.service
yum install tigervnc-server -y
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start  vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start  vncserver@:1.service 
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/*
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
ps -ef | grep vnc
ps -ef | grep vnc*
ps -ef | grep *vnc*
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
yum install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal nautilus-open-terminal control-center liberation-mono-fonts
unlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
reboot
clear
service vncserver status
locate vncserver
yum -y install locate
clear
ps aux | grep vncserver
lsof -i:5901
ps aux | grep vnc
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config 
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart
iptables-save > /etc/iptables-config
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables-config
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall–cmd—permanent—add–service vnc–server
service vncserver restart
service vncserver status
netstat -an | grep 5901
netstat -an | grep 5900
netstat -an | grep 59*
netstat -an | grep 5900
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
lsof -i:5901
lsof -i:5900
service vncserver status
service vncserver restart
systemctl daemon-reload
service vncserver restart
systemctl daemon-reload
service vncserver status
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
systemctl restart firewalld.service
systemctl daemon-reload
ps -ef | grep vnc
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/
vncserver -kill :1
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service -l
su - haoop
systemctl daemon-reload 
ps -ef | grep vnc
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
netstat -anp | grep 5901
service vncserver restart
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service  
systemctl start  vncserver@:1.service 
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/*
systemctl daemon-reload
ystemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
systemctl restart firewalld.service
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/
vncserver -kill :1
systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
journalc
systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
service iptables stop
netstat -lnt |grep 590*
ls /var/log/secure
vi /var/log/secure
firewall-cmd --state
systemctl stop firewalld.service 
systemctl disable firewalld.service
service iptables stop
 service iptables status
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
vi/etc/sysconfig/iptables
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
ls /etc/sysconfig/iptables
iptables –A INPUT–m state –state NEW –m tcp –p tcp –dport 5901 –j ACCCEPT
iptables –A INPUT –m state –state NEW –m tcp –p tcp –dport 5901 –j ACCCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEP
iptables -h
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
firewall-cmd --state  
firewall-cmd --list-all 
 iptables -L -n -v
iptables –A INPUT –m state –state NEW –m tcp –p tcp –dport 5901 –j ACCCEPT
systemctl stop firewalld.service 
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
 firewall-cmd --version
firewall-cmd status
firewall-cmd state
firewall-cmd --help
firewall-cmd --state
systemctl status firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld
 systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
firewall-cmd --reload
virsh vnc display
rm -f -R /tmp/.X11-unix/
systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
vncserver
ls /home/kvm-bak/vm-images
cd /home/kvm-bak/vm-images
ls -la
rm cent7.qcow2 
ls -la
cd ..
ls -la
cp CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso vm-images/
df -lh
pwd
ls /dev/mapper/centos-home
du -sh */home
du -sh /home
fdisk -l
ls -la
cd /home/
ls -la
mkdir 
ls /dev
mkdir LVM
ls -la
df -l
df -lh
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em4
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
ping 192.168.1.201
ping 192.168.1.202
ping 192.168.1.2023
ping 192.168.1.203
ls /var/lib/libvirt/images
du -sh /var/lib/libvirt/images
du -sh /var/lib/libvirt/
du -sh /var
yum --help
df l0h
df -lh
ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/
cd  /var/lib/libvirt/
ls -la
cd qemu/
ls -la
cd ..
ls -la
cd images/
ls -la
pwd
ls -la
ls /home/
ls /home/LVM/
ls /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/
cd /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/
ls -la
qemu-img create -f raw SCM_add.img 160G
ls -la
pwd
virsh edit test
virsh --list
virsh --help
virsh list
virsh attach-disk SCM-clone /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/SCM_add.img vdb —cache none
fdisk -l
yum -y install libguestfs-tools
ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/SCM.qcow2 
ls
qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/SCM.qcow2
qemu-img info /home/kvm-bak/vm-images/SCM_add.img
ls -la
qemu-img create -f qcow2 SCM_add.img 160G
virsh edit SCM-clone
qemu-img create -f qcow2 SCM_add.qcow2  160G
ls -la
rm -rf SCM_add.img
ls -la
rm -rf SCM_add.img
virsh edit SCM-clone
pwd
ls -la
clea
clear
history
ls
history > his.txt
cat his.txt 
vi his.txt 
clear
cat his.txt 
history
history | cut -c 8-
history | cut -c 8- > history

...

history中去除行号：

1. 使用这个：
$ history | cut -c 8-

2. awk可以帮助：
history|awk '{$1="";print substr($0,2)}'
如果history很长这个可能会失败。  

3. 或者，你的sed：
history | sed 's/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//'
使用别名，你可以设置这个作为你的标准（把它贴在你的bash_profile文件）：
alias history="history | sed 's/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//'"

4. history命令没有一个选项来禁止行号。你将不得不为每个人都在暗示： 例如：
history | cut -d' ' -f4- | sed 's/^ \(.*$\)/\1/g'

就目前而言，我基于一台机器，虚拟出了4台虚拟机，分别将其作为DevEnv、TestEnv、ScmEnv、ReleaseEnv；

目前看起来运行正常，后续如有运维或者修改需求，我在做更新和补充；

---------------------

HaoChuang @2018-04-17 10:20

后续远程维护，关于vnc的一点补充

查询vncserver状态
[root@localhost ~]# service vncserver status

查询vncserver服务
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep vnc

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep vnc
root     18375     1  0 14:10 pts/4    00:00:00 /usr/bin/Xvnc :4 -auth /root/.Xauthority -desktop localhost.localdomain:4 (root) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /root/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5904 -rfbwait 30000
root     18719 18207  0 14:11 pts/4    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vnc

参考如下信息:

[root@localhost ~]# vncserver

New 'localhost.localdomain:4 (root)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:4

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:4.log

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.0.202