Lucene笔记
概述
Lucene最主要就是做两件事:建立索引和进行搜索 ,以下介绍Lucene常用类或者接口:
IndexWriter:lucene中将文档加入索引,同时控制索引过程中的一些参数使用;
Analyzer:分析器,主要用于分析搜索引擎遇到的各种文本。常用的有StandardAnalyzer分析器,StopAnalyzer分析器,WhitespaceAnalyzer分析器等;
Directory:索引存放的位置;lucene提供了两种索引存放的位置,一种是磁盘,一种是内存。一般情况将索引放在磁盘上;相应地lucene提供了FSDirectory和RAMDirectory两个类;
Document:文档;Document相当于一个要进行索引的单元,任何可以想要被索引的文件都必须转化为Document对象才能进行索引。
Field:字段。
IndexSearcher:是lucene中最基本的检索工具,所有的检索都会用到IndexSearcher工具;
Query:查询,lucene中支持模糊查询,语义查询,短语查询,组合查询等等,如有TermQuery,BooleanQuery,RangeQuery,WildcardQuery等一些类。
QueryParser: 是一个解析用户输入的工具,可以通过扫描用户输入的字符串,生成Query对象。
Hits:在搜索完成之后,需要把搜索结果返回并显示给用户,只有这样才算是完成搜索的目的。在lucene中,搜索的结果的集合是用Hits类的实例来
表示的。
具体使用
1.构建索引
1.1添加文档
/**
* 生成索引
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void index() throws Exception {
directory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("D:\\AllFiles\\lucene01"));
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
Document document = new Document();
document.add(new StringField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));
document.add(new StringField("author", authors[i], Field.Store.YES));
document.add(new StringField("position", positions[i], Field.Store.YES));
//加权操作
TextField field = new TextField("title", titles[i],Field.Store.YES);
if("boss".equals(positions[i])){
field.setBoost(1.5f);
}
document.add(field);
document.add(new TextField("content", contents[i],Field.Store.NO));
writer.addDocument(document);
}
writer.close();
}
1.2删除文档
/**
* 测试删除在合并前
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteBeforeMerge()throws Exception{
IndexWriter writer=getWriter();
System.out.println("删除前:"+writer.numDocs());
writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id","1"));
writer.commit();
System.out.println("writer.maxDoc():"+writer.maxDoc());
System.out.println("writer.numDocs():"+writer.numDocs());
writer.close();
}
/**
* 测试删除在合并后
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteAfterMerge()throws Exception{
IndexWriter writer=getWriter();
System.out.println("删除前:"+writer.numDocs());
writer.deleteDocuments(new Term("id","1"));
writer.forceMergeDeletes(); // 强制删除
writer.commit();
System.out.println("writer.maxDoc():"+writer.maxDoc());
System.out.println("writer.numDocs():"+writer.numDocs());
writer.close();
}
1.3修改文档
/**
* 测试更新
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate()throws Exception{
IndexWriter writer=getWriter();
Document doc=new Document();
doc.add(new StringField("id", "1", Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city","qingdao",Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", "dsss is a city.", Field.Store.NO));
writer.updateDocument(new Term("id","1"), doc);
writer.close();
}
2.搜索功能
2.1对特定项搜索
/**
* 对特定项搜索
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testTermQuery() throws Exception {
String searcheField = "content";
String q = "particular";
Term term = new Term(searcheField,q);
Query query = new TermQuery(term);
TopDocs hits = is.search(query, 10);
System.out.println("匹配 '"+q+"',总共查询到"+hits.totalHits+"个文档");
for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs) {
Document doc = is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("fullPath"));
}
}
2.2查询表达式:QueryParser
/**
* 解析查询表达式
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testQueryParser()throws Exception{
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
String searchField = "contents";
String q = "particular and Areek";
QueryParser parser=new QueryParser(searchField, analyzer);
Query query=parser.parse(q);
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 100);
System.out.println("匹配 "+q+"查询到"+hits.totalHits+"个记录");
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("fullPath"));
}
}
2.3其他查询方式
/**
* 指定项范围搜索
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testTermRangeQuery()throws Exception{
TermRangeQuery query=new TermRangeQuery("desc", new BytesRef("b".getBytes()), new BytesRef("c".getBytes()), true, true);
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
/**
* 指定数字范围
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testNumericRangeQuery()throws Exception{
NumericRangeQuery<Integer> query=NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
/**
* 指定字符串开头搜索
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testPrefixQuery()throws Exception{
PrefixQuery query=new PrefixQuery(new Term("city","a"));
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
/**
* 多条件查询
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testBooleanQuery()throws Exception{
NumericRangeQuery<Integer> query1=NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
PrefixQuery query2=new PrefixQuery(new Term("city","a"));
BooleanQuery.Builder booleanQuery=new BooleanQuery.Builder();
booleanQuery.add(query1,BooleanClause.Occur.MUST);
booleanQuery.add(query2,BooleanClause.Occur.MUST);
TopDocs hits=is.search(booleanQuery.build(), 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
3.扩展
3.1中文分词smartcn以及检索结果高亮显示实现
public class Indexer {
private Integer ids[]={1,2,3};
private String citys[]={"青岛","南京","上海"};
private String descs[]={
"青岛是一个美丽的城市。",
"南京是一个有文化的城市。南京是一个文化的城市南京,简称宁,是江苏省会,地处中国东部地区,长江下游,濒江近海。全市下辖11个区,总面积6597平方公里,2013年建成区面积752.83平方公里,常住人口818.78万,其中城镇人口659.1万人。[1-4] "江南佳丽地,金陵帝王州",南京拥有着6000多年文明史、近2600年建城史和近500年的建都史,是中国四大古都之一,有"六朝古都"、"十朝都会"之称,是中华文明的重要发祥地,历史上曾数次庇佑华夏之正朔,长期是中国南方的政治、经济、文化中心,拥有厚重的文化底蕴和丰富的历史遗存。[5-7] 南京是国家重要的科教中心,自古以来就是一座崇文重教的城市,有"天下文枢"、"东南第一学"的美誉。截至2013年,南京有高等院校75所,其中211高校8所,仅次于北京上海;国家重点实验室25所、国家重点学科169个、两院院士83人,均居中国第三。[8-10] 。",
"上海是一个繁华的城市。"
};
private Directory directory;
/**
* 获取IndexWriter实例
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private IndexWriter getWriter() throws Exception{
//Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
SmartChineseAnalyzer analyzer = new SmartChineseAnalyzer();
IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(directory, iwc);
return writer;
}
/**
* 生成索引
* @param indexDir
* @throws Exception
*/
private void index(String indexDir)throws Exception{
directory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
IndexWriter writer = getWriter();
for(int i=0;i<ids.length;i++){
Document doc=new Document();
doc.add(new IntField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city",citys[i],Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", descs[i], Field.Store.YES));
writer.addDocument(doc); // 添加文档
}
writer.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String indexDir = "D:\\AllFiles\\lucene";
new Indexer().index(indexDir);
}
}
public class Searcher {
public static void search(String indexDir,String q)throws Exception{
Directory dir=FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
IndexReader reader=DirectoryReader.open(dir);
IndexSearcher is=new IndexSearcher(reader);
// Analyzer analyzer=new StandardAnalyzer(); // 标准分词器
SmartChineseAnalyzer analyzer=new SmartChineseAnalyzer();
QueryParser parser=new QueryParser("desc", analyzer);
Query query=parser.parse(q);
long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
long end=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("匹配 "+q+" ,总共花费"+(end-start)+"毫秒"+"查询到"+hits.totalHits+"个记录");
QueryScorer scorer=new QueryScorer(query);
Fragmenter fragmenter=new SimpleSpanFragmenter(scorer);
SimpleHTMLFormatter simpleHTMLFormatter=new SimpleHTMLFormatter("<b><font color='red'>","</font></b>");
Highlighter highlighter=new Highlighter(simpleHTMLFormatter, scorer);
highlighter.setTextFragmenter(fragmenter);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
String desc=doc.get("desc");
if(desc!=null){
TokenStream tokenStream=analyzer.tokenStream("desc", new StringReader(desc));
System.out.println(highlighter.getBestFragment(tokenStream, desc));
}
}
reader.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String indexDir="D:\\AllFiles\\lucene";
String q="南京城市";
try {
search(indexDir,q);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

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