【docker容器入门（六）】： Docker 安装mysql

本文主要说一下，如何在docker环境中安装和使用mysql。

1. 创建mysql容器

使用如下命令创建mysql容器

docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root123 -p 3306:3306 --name mysql --restart always -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql mysql

参数说明：

　　-e 这里用来设置mysql数据库root用户密码

　　-p 映射容器端口3306到宿主机端口3306

　　-v 映射容器数据存储路径到宿主机路径/home/mysql/data

# 创建mysql容器
[root@guoxiaobo ~]# docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root123 -p 3306:3306 --name mysql --restart always -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql mysql
Unable to find image 'mysql:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
Digest: sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
e05eb579c3cd4e4a6fcda2f32700e1d0c14aa93643eb3bced6a08814039c3294

# 确认mysql容器
[root@guoxiaobo ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
e05eb579c3cd   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   19 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

2. 连接mysql

# 进入mysql容器
[root@guoxiaobo ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash

# 连接mysql
root@e05eb579c3cd:/# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p"root123"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 查看database
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加数据

# 创建database
mysql> create database gxbdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| gxbdb              |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use gxbdb;
Database changed

# 添加表
mysql> create table user(id int primary key, name text, age text);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_gxbdb |
+-----------------+
| user            |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 添加数据
mysql> insert into user values(1, 'dds', 18);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | dds  | 18   |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 断开mysql
mysql> exit
Bye
root@e05eb579c3cd:/# exit
exit

3. 数据库备份

备份数据口

[root@guoxiaobo ~]# docker exec mysql sh -c 'exec mysqldump --all-databases -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"' > /home/mysql/all-databases.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@guoxiaobo ~]# ll /home/mysql/all-databases.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3807310 Dec 24 10:17 /home/mysql/all-databases.sql

删除数据

# 删除gxbdb
...
mysql> drop database gxbdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 数据库恢复

[root@guoxiaobo ~]# docker exec -i mysql sh -c 'exec mysql -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"' < /home/mysql/all-databases.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

　　

确认数据恢复结果

...
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| gxbdb              |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use gxbdb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_gxbdb |
+-----------------+
| user            |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | dds  | 18   |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)