使用C# Channel实现工位流水线调度系统
在现代制造业中，流水线生产需要精确的工位协作。本文将介绍如何使用C#的Channel实现一个高效的工位流水线调度系统。
1、首先我们准备一个工位接口
public interface IWorkstation
{
string WorkName { get; }
Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
Task StopAsync();
WorkstationStatus Status { get; }
}
public enum WorkstationStatus
{
Idle,
Running,
Paused,
Faulted
}
接着我们实现基类
基类封装了通用的启动、停止和状态管理逻辑：
public abstract class WorkstationBase : IWorkstation, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public virtual string WorkName { get; }
private WorkstationStatus _status;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts;
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(WorkstationBase));
public WorkstationStatus Status
{
get => _status;
protected set
{
_status = value;
OnPropertyChanged();
}
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken parentToken)
{
if (Status == WorkstationStatus.Running)
return;
Status = WorkstationStatus.Running;
_cts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(parentToken);
try
{
await ExecuteWorkAsync(_cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
Status = WorkstationStatus.Idle;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Status = WorkstationStatus.Faulted;
// 记录错误
}
}
public async Task StopAsync()
{
_cts?.Cancel();
await CleanupAsync();
Status = WorkstationStatus.Idle;
}
protected abstract Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token);
protected virtual Task CleanupAsync() => Task.CompletedTask;
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string name = null)
{
PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
}
}
我们现在可以实现流水线步骤了，假设我们的流水线只有4个工位，上料，预校，切割、下料
我们可以实现
public class LoadWorkstation : WorkstationBase
{
private static long waferId = 0;
public new string WorkName => "上料工位";
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(LoadWorkstation));
protected override async Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)
{
while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Logger.WriteLocal($"生成产品: {wafer.CellId}");
await Task.Delay(500, token);
}
}
}
类似的其他工位也可以这样写
接着我们启动开始按钮前需要一个Task[]来全部启动
public class WorkstationManager
{
private readonly List<IWorkstation> _workstations;
private CancellationTokenSource _globalCts;
public IReadOnlyCollection<IWorkstation> Workstations => _workstations.AsReadOnly();
public WorkstationManager()
{
_workstations = new List<IWorkstation>
{
new LoadWorkstation(),
new PreWorkstation(),
new CutWorkstation(),
new UnLoadWorkstation(),
// 其他工位...
};
}
public async Task StartAllAsync()
{
await StopAllAsync();
_globalCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var startTasks = _workstations.Select(ws => ws.StartAsync(_globalCts.Token));
await Task.WhenAll(startTasks);
}
public async Task StopAllAsync()
{
_globalCts?.Cancel();
var stopTasks = _workstations.Select(ws => ws.StopAsync());
await Task.WhenAll(stopTasks);
}
}
我们的ViewModel对应的开始按钮可以写
public async void ExecuteStart()
{
CurrentStatus = RunStatus.Running;
WorkstationManager workstationManager = new WorkstationManager();
await workstationManager.StartAllAsync();
}
各工位独立运行，缺乏协调
产品处理顺序无法保证
无法形成真正的"流水线"
资源竞争可能导致死锁
所有的产片都是并行的，不能保证切割顺序，此时我们需要用到Channel
我们新建一个传输器的实体类，用来演示传输的数据
public class WaferMessage
{
public string CellId { get; }
public DateTime EnterTime { get; }
public WaferMessage(string cellId)
{
CellId = cellId;
EnterTime = DateTime.Now;
}
}
接着使用Channel新建一个状态机
public static class ProductionLine
{
// 创建工位间的通道
public static readonly Channel<WaferMessage> LoadToPre = Channel.CreateUnbounded<WaferMessage>();
public static readonly Channel<WaferMessage> PreToCut = Channel.CreateUnbounded<WaferMessage>();
public static readonly Channel<WaferMessage> CutToUnload = Channel.CreateUnbounded<WaferMessage>();
}
我们修改刚才上料的代码
public class LoadWorkstation : WorkstationBase
{
private static long waferId = 0;
public new string WorkName => "上料工位";
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(LoadWorkstation));
protected override async Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)
{
while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// 生成新产品，确保ID递增
var id = Interlocked.Increment(ref waferId);
var wafer = new WaferMessage($"Wafer-{id:D4}");
Logger.WriteLocal($"生成产品: {wafer.CellId}");
await Task.Delay(500, token);
// 传递给预校工位
await ProductionLine.LoadToPre.Writer.WriteAsync(wafer, token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"{wafer.CellId} 完成上料 准备 预校");
}
}
}
接着预校工位代码
public class PreWorkstation : WorkstationBase
{
public new string WorkName => "预校工位";
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(PreWorkstation));
protected override async Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)
{
while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// 从上料工位获取产品
var wafer = await ProductionLine.LoadToPre.Reader.ReadAsync(token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"{wafer.CellId} 开始预校");
await Task.Delay(800, token);
// 传递给切割工位
await ProductionLine.PreToCut.Writer.WriteAsync(wafer, token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"{wafer.CellId} 完成预校 准备 切割");
}
}
}
切割工位代码
public class CutWorkstation : WorkstationBase
{
public new string WorkName => "切割工位";
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(CutWorkstation));
protected override async Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)
{
while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
var wafer = await ProductionLine.PreToCut.Reader.ReadAsync(token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"{wafer.CellId} 开始切割");
await Task.Delay(800, token);
// 传递给切割工位
await ProductionLine.CutToUnload.Writer.WriteAsync(wafer, token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"{wafer.CellId} 完成切割 → 下料");
}
}
}
下料工位代码
public class UnLoadWorkstation : WorkstationBase
{
private static readonly ITangdaoLogger Logger = TangdaoLogger.Get(typeof(UnLoadWorkstation));
public new string WorkName => "下料工位";
protected override async Task ExecuteWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)
{
while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
var wafer = await ProductionLine.CutToUnload.Reader.ReadAsync(token);
Logger.WriteLocal($"[下料] 开始: {wafer.CellId}");
await Task.Delay(800, token); // 下料时间
var totalTime = DateTime.Now - wafer.EnterTime;
Logger.WriteLocal($"[下料] {wafer.CellId} ✓ 完成! 总耗时: {totalTime.TotalSeconds:F1}秒");
}
}
}
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