Github教程(1)

作者：Grey

原文地址：Github教程(1)

Git基本命令

git diff：查看工作树，暂存区，最新提交之间的差别

举例:

在README.MD中增加一行

## This is the subtitle

执行git diff 命令，查看当前工作树和暂存区的区别。

$ git diff
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fec5601..203cf31 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
Hello
+## This is the subtitle

说明："+"表示新添加的行，"-"表示删除的行，由结果可知：增加了：## This is the subtitle

执行

git add README.md 

将README.md文件加入暂存区

执行git diff HEAD 可以查看暂存区和最新提交的差别。

$ git diff HEAD
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fec5601..203cf31 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
Hello
+## This is the subtitle

执行

git commit –m "this is your description"

将文件提交。

git branch:显示分支列表，并标识当前所在分支

$ git branch
* master

git checkout –b:创建并且切换分支

$ git checkout -b branch-a
M README.md
Switched to a new branch 'branch-a'

此时再运行git branch，显示当前分支为branch-a

$ git branch
* branch-a
Master

在branch-a这个分支操作并提交代码，代码回提交到branch-a这个分支而不会提交到master分支。

举例：

在branch –a这个分支中修改README.md文件，增加一行：

## this is branch-a

并提交，

$ git diff
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fec5601..803aa74 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,4 @@
Hello
+## This is the subtitle
+
+## this is branch-a

切换至master分支

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

查看master中的README.md文件，无增加行。

$ cat README.md
Hello

git merge:合并分支

首先我们切换回master分支，

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

然后，合并master和branch-a这个分支

执行：

git merge --no-ff branch-a

系统提示合并之前需要输入一些描述信息，按ESC并输入 :wq退出即可，

$ git merge --no-ff branch-a
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
README.md | 3 +++
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

git log:查看历史提交记录

commit 182053ec7e8683e381996c683a7b04f43be57bd3
Merge: b1444e3 2806d72
Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com>
Date: Tue Dec 15 19:31:02 2015 +0800
Merge branch 'branch-a'
commit 2806d720ed728ca55cc32c3091879eae8c8b5b5e
Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com>
Date: Tue Dec 15 19:24:27 2015 +0800
add branch-a
commit b1444e36a2df109ce5414f5f00fd1ea97f3c1492
Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com>
Date: Mon Dec 14 21:40:28 2015 +0800
Add T.java File
commit 0f2c6b68e711d74e35490bec6e6d8ab01e6a29d9
Author: GreyZeng <410486047@qq.com>
Date: Mon Dec 14 21:25:15 2015 +0800

git reset --hard + 哈希值：回溯到指定版本

执行：

$ git reset --hard b1444e36a2df109ce5414f5f00fd1ea97f3c1492
HEAD is now at b1444e3 Add T.java File

回溯到branch-a分支创建之前。

处理冲突

举例：

在master的README.md中增加一行：

## FROM MASTER

并提交

合并master和branch-a分支

$ git merge --no-ff branch-a
Auto-merging README.md
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in README.md
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

显示冲突

用编辑器打开README.md文件发现:

# Hello

<<<<<<< HEAD

## FROM MASTER

=======

## This is the subtitle

 

## this is branch-a

>>>>>>> branch-a

此时，只要手动修改一下文件：

# Hello

## FROM MASTER

## This is the subtitle

 

## this is branch-a

再次执行git add 和 git commit 即可

git push:推送至远程仓库

推送master到远程仓库：

$ git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 9, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 889 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git

b1444e3..6840c0a master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

也可以推送某个分支到远程仓库

比如：推送branch-a到远程仓库,需要执行以下命令：

$ git checkout branch-a
Switched to branch 'branch-a'
$ git push -u origin branch-a
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git

[new branch] branch-a -> branch-a

Branch branch-a set up to track remote branch branch-a from origin.

git clone:获取远程仓库

首先我们切换到其他目录下：

执行git clone https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git

$ git clone https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git

Cloning into 'Hello'...
remote: Counting objects: 15, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
remote: Total 15 (delta 0), reused 12 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (15/15), done.
Checking connectivity... done.

从而获取到远程仓库

同时，我们可以从远程仓库获取之前推送的branch-a这个分支

$ git checkout -b branch-a origin/branch-a
Branch branch-a set up to track remote branch branch-a from origin.
Switched to a new branch 'branch-a'
 

git pull:获取最新的远程仓库：

假如有人在master分支上push了新的代码，本地需要同步最新代码

$ git pull origin master
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello

branch master -> FETCH_HEAD

6b04921..c2c9aa0 master -> origin/master
Updating 6b04921..c2c9aa0
Fast-forward
README.md | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)