ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
- ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
- 一个新的视图被返回并显示
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:

- 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
01 |
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { |
03 |
private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; |
06 |
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { |
07 |
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); |
08 |
mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); |
09 |
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { |
10 |
mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); |
12 |
setListAdapter(mAdapter); |
15 |
private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { |
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private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); |
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private LayoutInflater mInflater; |
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public MyCustomAdapter() { |
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mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); |
24 |
public void addItem(final String item) { |
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notifyDataSetChanged(); |
30 |
public int getCount() { |
35 |
public String getItem(int position) { |
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return mData.get(position); |
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public long getItemId(int position) { |
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public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { |
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System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView); |
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ViewHolder holder = null; |
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if (convertView == null) { |
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convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); |
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holder = new ViewHolder(); |
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holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); |
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convertView.setTag(holder); |
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holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); |
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holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); |
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public static class ViewHolder { |
63 |
public TextView textView; |
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志

getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null |
02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null |
02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null |
02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null |
02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null |
02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null |
02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null |
02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null |
02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null |
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:

convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null |
再滚动List

convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
再滚动:
02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0 |
02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8 |
02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8 |
02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820 |
02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048 |
02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870 |
02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098 |
02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0 |
02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0 |
02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
不同的项目布局(item layout)
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
- 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
- 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView
以下是代码:
001 |
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { |
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private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; |
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { |
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); |
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mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); |
009 |
for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) { |
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mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); |
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mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i); |
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setListAdapter(mAdapter); |
018 |
private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { |
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private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0; |
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private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1; |
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private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1; |
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private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); |
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private LayoutInflater mInflater; |
027 |
private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet(); |
029 |
public MyCustomAdapter() { |
030 |
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); |
033 |
public void addItem(final String item) { |
035 |
notifyDataSetChanged(); |
038 |
public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) { |
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mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1); |
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notifyDataSetChanged(); |
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public int getItemViewType(int position) { |
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return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM; |
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public int getViewTypeCount() { |
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return TYPE_MAX_COUNT; |
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public int getCount() { |
061 |
public String getItem(int position) { |
062 |
return mData.get(position); |
066 |
public long getItemId(int position) { |
071 |
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { |
072 |
ViewHolder holder = null; |
073 |
int type = getItemViewType(position); |
074 |
System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type); |
075 |
if (convertView == null) { |
076 |
holder = new ViewHolder(); |
079 |
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); |
080 |
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); |
083 |
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null); |
084 |
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator); |
087 |
convertView.setTag(holder); |
089 |
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); |
091 |
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); |
097 |
public static class ViewHolder { |
098 |
public TextView textView; |
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1 |
02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1 |
滚动list:
02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0 |
02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1 |
02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1 |
02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0 |
02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0 |
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。