被动语态

目录

• 被动语态语法基本知识
  • 什么是被动语态
  • 可用于被动语态的动词
  • 一般现在时的被动语态
  • 一般过去时的被动语态
  • 一般将来时的被动语态
  • 过去将来时的被动语态
  • 现在进行时的被动语态
  • 过去进行时的被动语态
  • 现在完成时的被动语态
  • 过去完成时态的被动语态
  • 带情态动词的被动语态
  • 不定式的被动形式
  • 动名词的被动形式
  • 现在分词的被动形式
  • 过去分词结构

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被动语态语法基本知识

什么是被动语态

被动语态是指句子中的主语为谓语动作的承受者。 如: He was hit by a car when he was crossing the road. (他过路时被辆汽车撞了。) 这句话的主语he（他）是谓语动作 hit (撞) 的承受者。施动者则为 car(汽车)。

被动语态的格式为: 助动词be + 过去分词。被动句中动作的承受者为句子的主语，动作执行者一般可由介词 by 引出。 如:
The story was written by John Gilbert. 这个故事是约翰•吉尔伯特写的。

可用于被动语态的动词

1）及物动词

• There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
• A new library will be built in this small town. 这个小镇将兴建一个新图书馆。
• The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。
• They are often scolded by the teacher. 他们经常受到老师的责备。
• Many accidents are caused by careless driving.许多车祸都因开车不小心造成。

2）不及物动词与介词合成的成语动词

• The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。
• The house has been broken into. 房子被破门而入。

一般现在时的被动语态

一般现在时被动语态格式: is/are/am + 过去分词

• The Great Wall is known all over the world. 长城闻名世界。
• Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们的教室每天都有打扫。
• He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。
• Why is Wei Fang often praised by her teacher? 为什么魏芳经常受到老师的表扬？
• What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花?
• The boy is asked to tidy up the sitting room. 要求那个男孩打扫客厅。

一般过去时的被动语态

一般过去时被动语态格式: was/were + 过去分词

• This city was liberated in 1948. 这个城市1948年解放的。
• Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
• He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
• A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。

一般将来时的被动语态

一般将来时被动语态格式: will/shall be + 过去分词

• A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。
• --- Will the work be finished at onece? --- Yes, it will. ---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？ ---是的，立刻就完成。
• When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候出版？
• We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。

过去将来时的被动语态

过去将来时被动语态格式: would be +过去分词

• He said that the books would be given to the students. 他说这些书将发给学生。
• She said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 她说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
• The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
• She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
• I didn't expect that I would be given the prize. 我未曾料到我会获奖。

现在进行时的被动语态

现在进行时被动语态格式：is/are/am + being + 过去分词

• Are the babies being taken care of by the nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
• Your bicycle is being repaired now. 你的自行车正在修理当中。
• A hospital is being built in the centre of the rown. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。
• The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。

过去进行时的被动语态

过去进行时被动语态格式： was/were + being + 过去分词

• The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside. 宴会正在准备之中,这时外边下起了雪
• He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary. 他说为纪念公司成立60周年,许多活动都在筹划中。
• This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
• was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
• The man was being questioned by the police at that time. 那个人当时正在接受经常的盘问。

现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时被动语态格式： have/has been + 过去分词

• Big progress has also been made in cultural and educational fields. 文化和教育领域也取得了很大的进展
• This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
• The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
• The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。
• Has a new training centre been set up in our town? 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？

过去完成时态的被动语态

过去完成时态被动语态格式： had + been + 过去分词

• His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
• She told me that she has been dismissed by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。
• She found the house had been destoryed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
• By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年十二月底他们已建造了三艘船。

带情态动词的被动语态

1）can , could

• Computer can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work. 电脑可以用来演示细胞工作的方式。
• Can the fruit be kept in the fridge for long? 水果在冰箱里可以长时间保存吗?
• It can not be done by Jim. 这件事不可能是吉姆干的。
• This problem can't be worked out very easily. 这道试题不能被轻而易举的算出来。
• The thieves could be caught by the police. 盗贼可能会被警察抓获。

2. may, might

• The trees may be planted at other times of the year. 这些树可能会在今年另外找时间种植。
• It may have been left in the sun. 他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。
• You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能会请你在会上发言。

3. must

• The light must be turned off before you go to bed. 你睡觉前必须把灯关了。
• What must be done next? 下一步该做什么？
• the books mustn't be taken out of the reading-room. 这些书不得拿出阅览室.
• Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗？

4. should

• Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends. 来应该允许青少年和朋友外出。
• Many trees should be planted on the mountains. 应该在山上种许多树。
• Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。
• Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？
• Those books should have been taken back to the library. 你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。

5. need

• This work needn't be done at once. 这项工作没必要立即做。
• She needn't be told about it. 这事无需告诉她。

6. ought to

• The rule ought to be Obeyed by all of us. 我们应该遵守这个规则。
• As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ought to be said. 作为老师，我们关心的应该是学生说了什么，而不是我们自认为学生应该说什么。
• I ought to be criticized for it. 我应该为此受到批评.

不定式的被动形式

• He needs to be taken care of. 他需要人照顾。
• I hope to be promoted. 我希望能被升职。
• Not a sound was to be heard. 听不到一点声音。
• The little child's wish is to be taken to Disneyland. 小孩子的愿望是被领上去迪斯尼乐园。
• I am glad to have been given a chance to improve my English. 我很高兴能有机会进修英语。
• The next thing to be done is to get the students organized in small groups. 下一步要做的事是把学生组织在一些小组里。　　
• It is a great honor to be elected a model worker. 当选为模范工人是一件很光荣的事。

动名词的被动形式

• Tom enjoyed being flattered. 汤姆喜欢被吹捧。
• He was afraid of being laughed at. 他担心备人嘲笑。
• Being criticized helped him see things more clearly. 他受到批评后对一些事情看得比较明白些了。

现在分词的被动形式

• I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。
• The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。
• Not being invited to speak, you should remain slient at the conference. 没有被邀请发言，你就应该在会议上保持沉默。

过去分词结构

过去分词本身就有被动的意思，可以：
1） 与系动词构成谓语

• The door remains locked. 门是锁着的。
• Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 在大城市里清洁大婶通常是按钟点领取工钱。
• They all got punished. 他们都受到了惩罚。
  2） 构成复合宾语
• When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定
• We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。
• He felt his collar pulled by someone from hehind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。

3. 做状语

• Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
• Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。
• Frustrated, he returned to his homeland. 他沮丧地回到故乡。