commute

commute [Origin: commutare 'to exchange, change', from com- ( COM-) + mutare 'to change']

The first separation between workplace and place of residence occurred as a result of the invention of the steam railway. The word commuter derives from early days of rail travel in US cities, such as New York, Philadelphia [费城], Boston and Chicago, where, in the 1840s, the railways engendered [引起; 造成] suburbs from which travellers paying a reduced or 'commuted' [changed] fare into the city. Later, the back formations "commute" and "commuter" were coined therefrom. Commuted tickets would usually allow the traveller to repeat the same journey as often as they liked during the period of validity: normally, the longer the period the cheaper the cost per day.

月票：一次性交完本月的费用后可有限或无限次(各地不同)地乘坐指定的公交车或地铁等。学生、老人、残疾人等特殊人群可以享受折扣或免费服务。monthly ticket/pass; commutation ticket

• engender [Origin: engendrer, from Latin generare 'to produce']
• A person's gender is the fact that they are male or female.
• Reproductive processes and organs are concerned with the reproduction of living things.
• To endanger sb/sth means to put them in a situation where they might be harmed or destroyed completely.

Professor X (born Charles Francis Xavier /"ZAY-vier"/) is a mutant, the leader and creator of the X-Men and the founder of the Xavier School for Gifted Youngsters and one of the most powerful telepaths in the world (rivaled only by Jean Grey). Jean的发音

Commuting is periodically recurring travel between one's place of residence and place of work or study, where the traveler leaves the boundary of their home community. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations, even when not work-related. The modes of travel, time taken and distance traveled in commuting varies widely across the globe. Most people in least-developed countries continue to walk to work, as the ancestors of all people did until the nineteenth century. The cheapest method of commuting after walking is usually by bicycle, so this is common in low-income countries, but is also increasingly practised by people in wealthier countries for environmental and health reasons. In middle-income countries, motorcycle communing is very common. The next technology adopted as countries develop is more dependent on location: in more populous, older cities, especially in Eurasia mass transit (rail, bus, etc.) predominates, while in smaller, younger cities, and large parts of North America and Australasia, communing by personal automobile is more common. A small number of very wealthy people, and those working in remote locations across the world, also commute by air travel, often for a week or more at a time rather the more typical daily commute. Transportation links that enable commuting also impact the physical layout of cities and regions, allowing a distinction to arise between mostly-residential suburbs and the more economically-focused urban core of a city (process known as suburban sprawl), but the specifics of how that distinction is realized remain drastically different between societies, with Eurasian [relating to both Europe and Asia] "suburbs" often being more densely populated than North American "urban cores".

Electric mopeds and scooters fill the niche between electric bicycles and full-sized electric motorcycles. Many modern electric mopeds feature smartphone integration, removable batteries, and powerful, but quiet motors. They are perfect for urban commuters, allowing users to minimize time spent in traffic and maximize comfort and safety.

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A commutator is a rotary electrical switch in certain types of electric motors and electrical generators that periodically reverses the current direction between the rotor and the external circuit.

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In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Most familiar as the name of the property that says "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

六级/考研单词: commute, reside, railroad, derive, suburb, fare, seldom, valid, norm, gender, reproduce, endanger, situate, recur, regulate, globe, ancestor, heal, commune, transit, automobile, physics, layout, sprawl, drastic, dense, integrate, potent, motor, reverse, mathematics, subtract