combat

Combat (French for fight) is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or can be used as a tool to impose ones will [意志] on others. An instance of combat can be a stand-alone confrontation or a small part of a much larger violent conflict. Instances of combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Common combat sports include boxing, wrestling, fencing [击剑], modern-era mixed martial arts [武术], as well as many varieties of indigenous martial arts, such as judo (Japanese), savate (French), Muay Thai (Thai), Lethwei (Burmese), Sanda (Chinese), Tae Kwon Do (Korean), Capoeira (Afro-Brazilian), Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Sambo (Soviet), and Kyokushin (Japanese–Korean). Burma [缅甸] is the former name of Myanmar. Sambo is the acronym of Samozashchita Bez Oruzhiya, (Russian: “self-defense without weapons”), which is a form of wrestling developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s from elements of several Soviet regional styles. It is also practiced in Japan and Bulgaria [保加利亚].

Mock combat involves the execution of combative actions without intent to harm. Participants can engage in such sparring for ritual, training, recreational or performance reasons. The nature of mock combat can vary from realistic to symbolic.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions [日内瓦公约] (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess [侯爵 =marquis] of Queensberry rules (covering boxing) and several forms of combat sports.

The Marquess of Queensberry rules is a code of generally accepted rules in the sport of boxing. They were named so because John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry publicly endorsed the code, although they were written by a sportsman named John Graham Chambers. The code of rules on which modern boxing is based, the Queensberry rules were the first to mention gloves in boxing. The Queensberry rules are intended for use in both professional and amateur boxing matches.

Military combat has always between two or more opposing military forces in warfare. Military combat situations can involve multiple groups, involving guerilla groups, insurgents [rebel], domestic and/or foreign governments. A military conflict is known either as a battle or a war, depending on the size of the fighting and exactly which geographical areas in which the war/battle occurs. Combat effectiveness has always demanded that the personnel maintain strategic preparedness by being sufficiently trained, armed, equipped, and funded to carry out combat operations in the unit to which they are assigned. Warfare falls under the laws of war, which govern its purposes and conduct, and protect the rights of combatants and non-combatants.

• combat [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: combattre, from Vulgar Latin combattere, from Latin com- ( COM-) + battuere 'to hit']
• batter [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: batre or English bat 'to hit']
• bat [Sense: 2-3; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Probably from bate 'to beat the wings' (13-20 centuries), from Old French batre 'to hit']

六级/考研单词: combat, confront, benign, mock, boxing, wrestle, indigenous, execute, engage, ritual, realistic, comply, violate, convention, medieval, endorse, chamber, glove, amateur, militant, warfare, situate, multiple, geography, suffice, equip, assign, conduct, vulgar, batter, bat, probable