clone

Cloning is a natural form of reproduction that has allowed life forms to spread for hundreds of millions of years. It is the reproduction method used by plants, fungi, and bacteria, and is also the way that clonal colonies [克隆菌落] reproduce themselves. Examples of these organisms include blueberry plants, Hazel trees, etc.

Cloning is the process of producing individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA, either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning).

The term clone, coined by Herbert J. Webber, is derived from the Ancient Greek word κλών klōn, "twig", referring to the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig. In botany, the term lusus was traditionally used. In horticulture [园艺学], the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century; the final e came into use to indicate the vowel is a "long o" instead of a "short o". Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively.

Clone or Clones or Cloning or The Clone may refer to:

• Biology
  • Clone (B-cell), a lymphocyte clone, the massive presence of which may indicate a pathological condition 淋巴细胞克隆，大量存在可能表明存在病理状况
  • Clone (cell biology), a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry
  • Clonal plant, the result of asexual, vegetative reproduction when a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant
  • Cloning, any organism whose genetic information is identical to that of a parent organism from which it was created
• Computing and technology
  • Clone (computing), computer hardware or software designed to function in the same way as an original
  • Video game clone, a software game or game franchise heavily inspired by another
  • Clone (Java method), a method in the Java programming language for object duplication
  • Clone (Linux system call), in C, whereby a process creates a copy of itself
  • Clone, a popular term for a replica, particularly when referring to "recreations" of rare and desirable variants of collector cars
  • Clone, a popular term for an [unlicensed, reverse engineered copy of a firearm produced in another nation (although the term can also apply to a simple direct copy, created under license)
  • Clone tool, a tool used in image manipulation programs
  • Phone cloning, the copying of identity from one cellular device to another
  • Quantum cloning, the replication of a quantum state
• Mathematics
  • Clone (algebra), a collection of functions with certain properties
  • Clone (voting), in voting systems analysis, a candidate identical to one already present in an election
• Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
  • Clone Wars (Star Wars), a TV show and movie set in the Star Wars universe
  • Clone trooper, a fictional soldier in the Star Wars universe

六级/考研单词: clone, reproduce, million, bacteria, colony, organism, biotechnology, fragment, molecule, derive, whereby, botany, biology, ancestor, compute, hardware, franchise, inspire, recreation, desire, reverse, manipulate, mathematics, algebra, entertain, medium, fiction