chess

Chess is a recreational and competitive board game played between two players. It is sometimes called Western or international chess to distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi. The current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Indian and Persian origin. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.

Chess is an abstract strategy game and involves no hidden information. It is played on a square chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player (one controlling the white pieces, the other controlling the black pieces) controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove it from attack on the next move. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw [和棋; 平局].

One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than even the best human players, and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.

GNU Chess is a free software chess engine which plays a full game of chess against a human being or other computer program. The goal of GNU Chess is to serve as a basis for research. It has been used in numerous research contexts.

The game is played on a square board of eight columns (called files, denoted a to h from left to right according to White's perspective) and eight rows (called ranks, denoted 1 to 8 from bottom to top according to White's perspective). The 64 squares alternate in color and are referred to as light and dark squares. The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right-hand corner nearest to each player. Thus, each queen starts on a square of its own color (the white queen on a light square; the black queen on a dark square).

When a king is under immediate attack by one or two of the opponent's pieces, it is said to be in check. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to remove it from attack. If the player to move has no legal move, the game is over; the result is either checkmate (a loss for the player with no legal move) if the king is in check, or stalemate (a draw) if the king is not.

Once in every game, each king can make a special move, known as castling [王车易位]. Castling consists of moving the king two squares along the first rank toward a rook on the player's first rank, and then placing the rook on the last square that the king crossed.

Many different notation systems have historically been used to record chess moves; the standard system today is short-form algebraic notation. In this system, each square is uniquely identified by a set of co-ordinates, a–h for the files followed by 1–8 for the ranks. The usual format is: initial of the piece moved – file of destination square – rank of destination square

There are two significant public chess libraries: the John G. White Chess and Checkers Collection at Cleveland Public Library, with over 32,000 chess books and over 6,000 bound volumes of chess periodicals; and the Chess & Draughts collection at the National Library of the Netherlands, with about 30,000 books.

Opening theory is concerned with finding the best moves in the initial phase of the game. There are dozens of different openings, and hundreds of variants. The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 named openings and variants.

MOBA游戏真的是小孩玩的。

Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. Before FIDE will confer the title on a player, the player must have an Elo chess rating (see below) of at least 2500 at one time and three favorable results (called norms) in tournaments involving other grandmasters, including some from countries other than the applicant's.

FIDE: Fédération internationale des échecs, International Chess Federation.

The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in zero-sum games such as chess. It is named after its creator Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-American physics professor.

The Elo system was originally invented as an improved chess-rating system over the previously used Harkness system, but is also used as a rating system in association football, American football, basketball, Major League Baseball, table tennis, board games such as Scrabble and Diplomacy, and esports, particularly Counter Strike: Global Offensive.

esports... 动手指也算运动？呵呵。

电子竞技员共设五个等级，分别为：五级/初级工、四级/中级工、三级/高级工、二级/技师、一级/高级技师。初中毕业(或相当文化程度)……电竞选手的黄金年龄是十六七岁…… 职业班学员需达到(LOL)“钻石1”…… LOL的钻石段位的水平相当于王者荣耀的“最强王者30星”左右。

六级/考研单词: chess, evolve, million, offline, tournament, abstract, grid, knight, bishop, whereby, compute, shallow, reign, hardware, denote, accord, rank, alternate, thereby, illicit, algebra, destination, bind, draught, nationwide, companion, attain, confer, norm, ration, federation, physics, professor, soccer, diplomat, globe, offend