chair

One of the basic pieces of furniture, a chair is a type of seat. Its primary features are two pieces of a durable material, attached as back and seat to one another at a 90° or slightly greater angle, with usually the four corners of the horizontal seat attached in turn to four legs - or other parts of the seat's underside attached to three legs or to a shaft about which a four-arm turnstile on rollers can turn - strong enough to support the weight of a person who sits on the seat (usually wide and broad enough to hold the lower body from the buttocks almost to the knees) and leans against the vertical back (usually high and wide enough to support the back to the shoulder blades). The legs are typically high enough for the seated person's thighs and knees to form a 90° or lesser angle. Used in a number of rooms in homes (e.g. in living rooms, dining rooms, and dens), in schools and offices (with desks), and in various other workplaces, chairs may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and either the seat alone or the entire chair may be padded or upholstered [装面/垫等] in various colors and fabrics.

A holster is a holder for a small gun, which is worn on a belt around someone's waist or on a strap around their shoulder.

Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and under its seat is a mechanism that allows one to lower the chair's back and raise into place a fold-out footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.

Chair comes from the early 13th-century English word chaere, from Old French chaiere ("chair, seat, throne"), from Latin cathedra ("seat").

A cathedral is a very large and important church which has a bishop in charge of it - 有很多座位？

The chair has been used since antiquity, although for many centuries it was a symbolic article of state and dignity rather than an article for ordinary use. "The chair" is still used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons [下院] in the United Kingdom and Canada, and in many other settings. In keeping with this historical connotation of the "chair" as the symbol of authority, committees, boards of directors, and academic departments all have a 'chairman' or 'chair'. Endowed professorships are referred to as chairs. It was not until the 16th century that chairs became common. Until then, people sat on chests [大箱子], benches, and stools, which were the ordinary seats of everyday life. The number of chairs which have survived from an earlier date is exceedingly limited; most examples are of ecclesiastical [belonging to or connected with the Christian Church], seigneurial [of, relating to, or befitting a seigneur] or feudal origin. A seigneur /sei'njə/ is a feudal lord or the lord of a manor.

The earliest images of chairs in China are from sixth-century Buddhist murals [壁画] and stele [刻有文字或图案的石版], but the practice of sitting in chairs at that time was rare. It wasn't until the twelfth century that chairs became widespread in China. Scholars disagree on the reasons for the adoption of the chair. The most common theories are that the chair was an outgrowth of indigenous Chinese furniture, that it evolved from a camp stool imported from Central Asia, that it was introduced to China by Christian missionaries in the seventh century, and that the chair came to China from India as a form of Buddhist monastic furniture. In modern China, unlike Korea or Japan, it is no longer common to sit at floor level.

秦汉之后椅子才慢慢出现在宫廷以及老百姓的生活里。胡床第一次进入中原的时间大概是在东汉后期，从西域地区经丝绸之路商旅通道流传至中原关中及东汉地区。在《后汉书·五行志》里记载，东汉末期的汉灵帝刘宏“好胡服、胡帐、胡床、胡坐”。不好胡牌？麻将据说是郑和下西洋时水手发明的（绳索、水筒、各种风……）。在魏晋南北朝时期，胡床作为一种生活用品或者说作为一种供人休憩的坐具，已经进入寻常百姓之家。西晋灭亡后，东晋建立，我国进入南北朝对峙阶段，天下重新纷乱，大量北方汉民随着东晋王朝在南方的建立从中原一带迁徙至南方生活。北方人口迁徙南方的同时，也把很多生活器具及生活方式带入南方，融入到南方人的生活内容之中。北方人坐胡床的习惯也随之进入南方，成为南方最喜欢的一种家庭起居器物。

东汉(25年—220年)，是中国历史上继西汉之后又一个大一统的中原王朝，传八世共十四帝，享国一百九十五年，与西汉统称两汉。新朝(王莽)末年爆发绿lù林赤眉起义，西汉宗室刘秀趁势而起。刘秀称帝于鄗hào城[今河北柏乡县]，后定都于雒luò阳，延续“汉”的国号，史称东汉。汉代前期定都长安，长安在西，雒阳在东，故名东汉。为什么在东汉时洛阳叫雒阳呢？据《三国志》注引《魏略》记载：曹丕“诏以汉火星也，火忌水，故‘洛’去‘水’而加‘佳’。魏于行次为土，土，水之牡也，水得土而乃流，土得水而柔，故除‘佳’加‘水’，变‘雒’为‘洛’”。所以“洛阳”在东汉改为“雒阳”，到三国时期又变回“洛阳”。东汉尚火德，火忌水，不能用水字旁的“洛”。字典里说“雒”通“洛”，还同音。

牡者，雄性或丘陵也。阿里山的姑娘美如水呀，阿里山的少年壮如山。

西汉末年，王匡等人曾率饥民聚居在绿林山一带对抗官府。见《后汉书．卷一一．刘玄传》。后遂用来泛指聚集山林间反抗官府或抢劫财物的集团。

个别“学者”六胡乱华：胡服胡坐胡床，胡看胡想胡写。

六级/考研单词: furnish, durable, horizon, shaft, lean, vertical, thigh, dine, synthesis, pad, waist, strap, curve, axis, throne, cathedral, bishop, dignity, unite, connotation, endow, stool, scholar, indigenous, evolve, import, missionary