brandy

Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of both aging and colouring. 白兰地是一种通过蒸馏葡萄酒生产的酒。白兰地通常含有35-60%的酒精（70-120美国标准），通常作为餐后消化液饮用。有些白兰地在木桶中陈酿。还有一些是用焦糖色素着色，以模仿老化的效果，还有一些是用老化和着色的组合制作的。

Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature (neat) from a snifter, a wine glass or a tulip glass. When drunk at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for the glass to be heated before the brandy is poured. 白兰地传统上是在室温下（不加冰）从斯奈夫特，葡萄酒杯或郁金香杯。在室温下饮用时，通常会将杯子放在掌心或通过温和加热来稍微加热。白兰地的过度加热可能会导致酒精蒸汽变得过于强烈，导致其香气变得难以抑制。喜欢加热白兰地的白兰地饮酒者可能会要求在倒入白兰地之前将玻璃杯加热。

snifter:
1. glass shaped like a small bowl that narrows at the top (小口大肚矮脚的)酒杯
2. a small amount of an alcoholic drink

Brandy is a common deglazing liquid used in making pan sauces for steak and other meat. It is used to create a more intense flavour in some soups, notably onion soup. In English Christmas cooking, brandy is a common flavouring in traditional foods such as Christmas cake, brandy butter, and Christmas pudding. It is also commonly used in drinks such as mulled wine, drunk during the festive season. 白兰地是一种常见的脱胶液体，用于制作牛排和其他肉类的平底锅酱汁。在一些汤中，尤其是洋葱汤中，它被用来制造更强烈的味道。在英国的圣诞烹饪中，白兰地是传统食物中常见的调味品，如圣诞蛋糕、白兰地黄油和圣诞布丁。它也常用于节日期间饮用的热葡萄酒等饮料中。Deglazing (cooking) is using a liquid to remove cooked-on residue from a pan.

Armenian brandy has been produced since 1887 and comes from the Ararat plain in the southern part of Armenia. Bottles on the market are aged anywhere from 3 to 20 years. Cognac comes from the Cognac region of France, and is double distilled using pot stills. Cyprus brandy differs from other varieties in that its alcohol concentration is only 32% ABV (64 US proof). In Russia, brandy was first produced in 1885 at the Kizlyar Brandy Factory according to a recipe brought from France. Pisco is a strong, colourless to amber-coloured brandy produced in specific regions of Peru and Chile. 亚美尼亚白兰地自1887年开始生产，产自亚美尼亚南部的阿拉特平原。市面上的瓶装酒陈年期从3年到20年不等。干邑产自法国干邑地区，采用罐式蒸馏器进行二次蒸馏。塞浦路斯白兰地不同于其他品种，其酒精浓度仅为32%ABV（美国标准64）。在俄罗斯，白兰地最初是1885年在基兹利亚尔白兰地工厂根据从法国带来的配方生产的。Pisco是一种浓烈的无色至琥珀色白兰地，产于秘鲁和智利的特定地区。

Brandy has a traditional age grading system. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name:

• V.S. ("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask [桶].
• V.S.O.P. ("very superior old pale"), Reserve or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask.
• XO ("extra old") or Napoléon designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years.
• Hors d'âge ("beyond age") is a designation which is formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.

三星白兰地，五月黄梅天 | 谈酒，唐鲁孙  |  Burgundy is 产于法国东部勃艮第地区的红酒或白酒，或深紫红色。