baseball

There are three basic tools of baseball: the ball, the bat, and the glove or mitt:

• The baseball is about the size of an adult's fist.
• The bat is a hitting tool, traditionally made of a single, solid piece of wood.
• The glove or mitt is a fielding tool, made of padded leather with webbing between the fingers.
• Protective helmets are also standard equipment for all batters.

At the beginning of each half-inning, the nine players of the fielding team arrange themselves around the field. One of them, the pitcher, stands on the pitcher's mound. The pitcher begins the pitching delivery with one foot on the rubber, pushing off it to gain velocity when throwing toward home plate. 在每半局开始时，防守队的九名队员都会在场地周围进行安排。其中一个是投手，站在投手的投手丘上。投手一只脚踩在橡皮上开始投球，当投球向本垒板时，将橡皮推开以获得速度。

Another fielding team player, the catcher, squats on the far side of home plate, facing the pitcher. The rest of the fielding team faces home plate, typically arranged as four infielders—who set up along or within a few yards outside the imaginary lines (basepaths) between first, second, and third base—and three outfielders. 另一名防守队员，接球手，蹲在本垒远侧，面对投手。防守队的其他队员面对本垒板，通常由四名内野手组成，他们位于一垒、二垒、三垒和三名外野手之间的假想线（垒道）旁边或几码以内。

Play starts with a member of the batting team, the batter, standing in either of the two batter's boxes next to home plate, holding a bat. The batter waits for the pitcher to throw a pitch (the ball) toward home plate, and attempts to hit the ball with the bat. The catcher catches pitches that the batter does not hit—as a result of either electing not to swing or failing to connect—and returns them to the pitcher. 比赛开始时，击球队的一名成员，击球手，拿着球棒，站在本垒板旁边的两个击球手包厢中。击球手等待投手向本垒投球，并试图用球棒击球。接球手接住击球手因选择不挥棒或未能接球而未击中的球，并将其返回给投手。

A batter who hits the ball into the field of play must drop the bat and begin running toward first base, at which point the player is referred to as a runner (or, until the play is over, a batter-runner). A batter-runner who reaches first base without being put out is said to be safe and is on base. 击球手将球击入比赛场地后，必须放下球棒，开始向一垒跑去，此时该球员被称为跑者（或者，在比赛结束前，称为击球手跑者）。一个击球手跑到一垒而没有被击倒的人被认为是安全的，并且在垒上。

In baseball, a home run (abbreviated HR) is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team in the process. In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles (or making contact with either foul pole) without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run. 在棒球中，本垒打（简称HR）是指击球时击球手能够在一场比赛中绕过垒并安全到家，而防守队在此过程中没有犯任何错误。在现代棒球中，这一壮举通常是在不首先触地的情况下，将球击过界外球杆之间的外场围栏（或与界外球杆接触），从而自动完成本垒打。在台湾地区，全垒打又称为「红不让」，这是日文棒球术语音译为汉语而成，日文又是音译。

六级/考研单词: bat, glove, fist, pad, fingerprint, helmet, equip, batter, rubber, velocity, tertiary, electoral, swing, abbreviation, commit, feat, foul

棒球的规则是怎样的？ - 知乎  [先翻到最后看图] 竞赛规则 - 中国棒球协会官方网站

In general, when a batted ball is ruled a foul ball, the ball is dead, all runners must return to their time-of-pitch base without liability to be put out, and the batter returns to home plate to continue his turn at bat. A strike is issued for the batter if he had fewer than two strikes. If the batter already has two strikes against him when he hits a foul ball, a strike is not issued unless the ball was bunted to become a foul ball, in which case a third strike is issued and a strikeout recorded for the batter and pitcher.