环境配置: macOS配置GLAD+GLFW的OpenGL环境(CMake / CLion)

系统信息

• macOS Catalina 10.15.7

• CMake 3.19.0（通过Homebrew安装）

部署

• 将依赖部署到系统目录的操作通常需要更高的权限，如果你不想在命令前加sudo，可以选择关闭SIP保护来取得完全的系统目录读写权限

• 前往 GLFW官网 下载Source Package，手动编译源码的理由是可以用到make install命令部署依赖，方便CMakeLists.txt编写。

• 前往 GLAD官网，按照下图勾选(gl版本可以选3.3以上)，点击Generate按钮

之后下载生成的压缩包

• 我个人用一个单独的文件夹存放第三方库，我们将GLFW和GLAD的源码解压到这里：

• 打开终端，依次输入以下指令进行编译

1. cd glfw目录

2. mkdir build

3. cd build

4. cmake ..

5. make -j4

• 结束后，继续输入sudo make install部署依赖至系统目录。

使用

• 在一个空目录新建一个CMakeLists.txt，复制并保存以下内容：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(OpenGL)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
#这里GLAD_INCLUDE目录填你自己存放的路径
set(GLAD_INCLUDE /Users/fijiisland/Documents/Dependencies/glad/include)

find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)

include_directories(${GLAD_INCLUDE})

add_executable(OpenGL main.cpp glad.c)

target_link_libraries(OpenGL glfw)

• 将glad/src下的glad.c复制到此目录中

• 新建一个main.cpp，复制以下内容并保存：

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

int main()
{
    // glfw: initialize and configure
    // ------------------------------
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

    // glfw window creation
    // --------------------
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    // glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
    // ---------------------------------------
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // render loop
    // -----------
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // input
        // -----
        processInput(window);

        // render
        // ------
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

• 终端cd进此项目目录，并依次执行：

1. mkdir build

2. cd build

3. cmake ..

4. make

5. ./OpenGL

成功的话，你会看到一个绿色的窗口：

CLion可以直接打开此目录并运行：