oracle中的用户详解 【转】

 

oracle中的用户很多,也很令初学者费解.
oracle中的帐户分为两类:一类是必需的帐户,一类是存储各种应用的帐户

用户名	密码	描述
ANONYMOUS	ANONYMOUS	访问http的匿名用户帐户
CTXSYS	CTXSYS	interMedia Text用户
DBSNMP	DBSNMP	目录集成平台用户
EXFSYS	EXFSYS	表达式过滤器用户
MDDATA	MDDATA	oracle空间数据帐户
MDSYS	MDSYS	oracle空间数据媒体管理员
MGMT_VIEW	MGMT_VIEW
OLAPSYS	MANGER	用于创建olap元数据
ORDPLUGINS	ORDPLUGINS	oracle ineterMedia,video用户
ORDSYS	ORDSYS	image管理员
OUTLN	OUTLN	拥有connect和resource角色
SCOTT	Tiger	样例帐户
SI_INFORMATN_SCHEMA		静止图像浏览帐户
SYS	用户指定	数据库管理帐户
SYSMAN	OEM_TEMP	企业管理器帐户
SYSTEM	用户指定	数据库管理帐户
WK_TEST	WK_TEST	同wksys
WKPROXY		代理帐户
WKSYS	WKSYS	同wk_test
WMSYS	WMSYS	工作空间管理帐户
XDB	CHANGE_ON_INSTALL	xml db帐户

默认情况下oracle指对sys,system,dbsnmp,sysman,mgmt_view5个帐户进行了解锁,如果希望其它用户也能登录需要手工进行解锁

show user  显示当前登录系统的用户名
select username,account_status,expiry_date from dba_user; 查看用户状态
alter user outln account unlock; 解锁帐户
grant connect 帖哦outln identified by 123; 用户授权

SCHEMA OVERVIEW


ANONYMOUS
Purpose:
o Account that allows HTTP access to Oracle XML DB. It is used in place of the APEX_PUBLIC_USER account when the Embedded PL/SQL Gateway (EPG) is installed in the database. EPG is a Web server that can be used with Oracle Database. It provides the necessary infrastructure to create dynamic applications. See also XDB.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql


APEX_030200
Purpose:
o Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create web based applications. The account owns the Application Express schema and metadata. See also APEX_PUBLIC_USER and FLOW_FILES.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql


APEX_PUBLIC_USER
Purpose:
o Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create web based applications. This minimally privileged account is used for Application Express configuration with Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql. See also APEX_030200 and FLOW_FILES.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql


APPQOSSYS
Purpose:
o Used for storing/managing all data and metadata required by Oracle Quality of Service Management.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_ADMIN/rdbms/admin/catqos.sql


BI
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Business Intelligence schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also HR, OE, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/bus_intelligence/bi_main.sql


CTXSYS
Purpose:
o The account used to administer Oracle Text. Oracle Text enables the building of text query applications and document classification applications. It provides indexing, word and theme searching, and viewing capabilities for text.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/admin/ctxsys.sql


DBSNMP
Purpose:
o The account used by the Management Agent component of Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor and manage the database. Password is created at installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catnsnmp.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catsnmp.sql


DIP
Purpose:
o The account used by the Directory Integration Platform. (DIP) to synchronize the changes in Oracle Internet Directory with the applications in the database.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catdip.sql


EXFSYS
Purpose:
o The account used internally to access the EXFSYS schema, which is associated with the Rules Manager and Expression Filter feature. This feature enables the building of complex PL/SQL rules and expressions. The EXFSYS schema contains the Rules Manager and Expression Filter DDL, DML, and associated metadata.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/exfsys.sql


FLOW_FILES
Purpose:
o Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create web based applications. This account owns the Application Express uploaded files. See also APEX_030200 and APEX_PUBLIC_USER.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql


HR
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Human Resources schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, OE, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/human_resources/hr_main.sql


IX
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Information Transport schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, OE, SH and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/info_exchange/ix_main.sql


MDDATA
Purpose:
o The schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing Geocoder and router data. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/catmd.sql


MDSYS
Purpose:
o The Oracle Spatial and Oracle Multimedia Locator administrator account. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , MDDATA and SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql


MGMT_VIEW
Purpose:
o An account used by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. Password is randomly generated at installation or database creation time. Users do not need to know this password.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/admin/emdrep/bin/RepManager


OE
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Order Entry schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ demo/schema/order_entry/oe_main.sql


OLAPSYS
Purpose:
o The account that owns the OLAP Catalog (CWMLite). This account has been deprecated, but is retained for backward compatibility.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/olap/admin/amdsys.sql


ORACLE_OCM
Purpose:
o This account contains the instrumentation for configuration collection used by the Oracle Configuration Manager.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catocm.sql


ORDDATA
Purpose:
o This account contains the Oracle Multimedia DICOM data model.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordisysc.sql


ORDPLUGINS
Purpose:
o The Oracle Multimedia user. Plug-ins supplied by Oracle and third-party, format plug-ins are installed in this schema. Oracle Multimedia enables Oracle Database to store, manage, and retrieve images, audio, video, DICOM format medical images and other objects, or other heterogeneous media data integrated with other enterprise information. See also ORDSYS and SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql


ORDSYS
Purpose:
o The Oracle Multimedia administrator account. See also ORDPLUGINS and SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql


OUTLN
Purpose:
o The account that supports plan stability. Plan stability prevents certain database environment changes from affecting the performance characteristics of applications by preserving execution plans in stored outlines. OUTLN acts as a role to centrally manage metadata associated with stored outlines.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.


OWBSYS
Purpose:
o The account for administrating the Oracle Warehouse Builder repository. Access this account during the installation process to define the base language of the repository and to define Warehouse Builder workspaces and users. A data warehouse is a relational or multidimensional database that is designed for query and analysis. See also OWBSYS_AUDIT.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql


OWBSYS_AUDIT
Purpose:
o This account is used by the Warehouse Builder Control Center Agent to access the heterogeneous execution audit tables in the OWBSYS schema.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql


PM
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Product Media schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, OE, SH and IX.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/product_media/pm_main.sql


SCOTT
Purpose:
o An account used by Oracle sample programs and examples.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql


SH
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Sales History schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas and is only available for Enterprise Edition installations. See also BI, HR, OE, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/sales_history/sh_main.sql


SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA
Purpose:
o The account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard. See also ORDPLUGINS and ORDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql


SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR
Purpose:
o The Catalog Services for the Web (CSW) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial CSW cache manager to load all record type metadata, and record instances from the database into the main memory for the record types that are cached. See also SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR, MDDATA and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/sdocswpv.sql


SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR
Purpose:
o The Web Feature Service (WFS) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial WFS cache manager to load all feature type metadata, and feature instances from the database into main memory for the feature types that are cached. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , MDDATA and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/sdowfspv.sql


SYS
Purpose:
o An account used to perform. database administration tasks. Password is created at installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.


SYSMAN
Purpose:
o The account used to perform. Oracle Enterprise Manager database administration tasks. The SYS and SYSTEM accounts can also perform. these tasks. Password is created at installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o Created as part of the dbconsole or Enterprise Manager build.


SYSTEM
Purpose:
o A default generic database administrator account for Oracle databases. For production systems, Oracle recommends creating individual database administrator accounts and not using the generic SYSTEM account for database administration operations. Password is created at installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.


WMSYS
Purpose:
o The account used to store the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/owmctab.plb


XDB
Purpose:
o The account used for storing Oracle XML DB data and metadata. See also ANONYMOUS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql


XS$NULL
Purpose:
o An internal account that represents the absence of a user in a session. Because XS$NULL is not a user, this account can only be accessed by the Oracle Database instance. XS$NULL has no privileges and no one can authenticate as XS$NULL, nor can authentication credentials ever be assigned to XS$NULL.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.


OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE SCHEMA
The schema listed below are not installed by default, but can be built using the creation script(s) cited and any necessary additional steps as prescribed by the appropriate Oracle manual.


LBACSYS
Purpose:
o The account used to administer Oracle Label Security (OLS). It is created only when the Label Security custom option is installed.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catlbacs.sql


WK_TEST
Purpose:
o The instance administrator for the default instance, WK_INST. After unlocking this account and assigning this user a password, then the cached schema password must also be updated using the administration tool Edit Instance Page. Ultra Search provides uniform. search-and-location capabilities over multiple repositories, such as Oracle databases, other ODBC compliant databases, IMAP mail servers, HTML documents managed by a Web server, files on disk, and more. See also WKSYS
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql


WKSYS
Purpose:
o An Ultra Search database super-user. WKSYS can grant super-user privileges to other users, such as WK_TEST. All Oracle Ultra Search database objects are installed in the WKSYS schema. See also WK_TEST
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql


WKPROXY
Purpose:
o An administrative account of Application Server Ultra Search.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql