浅学一下DFS和BFS,解决全排列和迷宫问题
DFS
全排列
原题链接:https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/844/
- 超过边界return
- 循环遍历,如果已经访问过则continue
- 标记访问过
- 递归下一层
- 回溯清空
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
int path[10];
bool st[10] = {false} ;
void DFS(int x)
{
if(x > n)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
cout << path[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
return;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if(st[i] == true)
continue;
path[x] = i;
st[i] = true;
DFS(x + 1);
st[i] = false;
}
}
int main()
{
cin >> n;
DFS(1);
return 0;
}
BFS
迷宫问题
原题链接:https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/846/
- 设计一个队列
- 把初始点加入到队列中
- while(q.size())
- 弹出队列的首元素
- 上下左右四个方向遍历
- 如果在范围内,就把该结点放到队列中,距离是上一个结点+1
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int n,m;
int map[105][105];
int rec[105][105];
int xx[4] = {-1,0,1,0};
int yy[4] = {0,1,0,-1};
int hh = 0;
int tt = 0;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;
int bfs()
{
queue<PII> q;
rec[1][1] = 0;
q.push({1,1});
while(q.size())
{
auto t = q.front();
q.pop();
for(int i = 0 ; i < 4; i++)
{
int x = t.first + xx[i];
int y = t.second + yy[i];
if(x < 1 || x > n || y < 1 || y > m || map[x][y] == 1 || rec[x][y] != 0)
continue;
q.push({x,y});
rec[x][y] = rec[t.first][t.second] + 1;
}
}
return rec[n][m];
}
int main()
{
cin >> n >> m;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(int j = 1; j<= m; j++)
cin >> map[i][j];
}
cout << bfs() << endl;
}

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