CentOS 7 yum nginx MySQL PHP 简易环境搭建

用centos自带的yum源来安装nginx,mysql和php,超级方便,省去编译的麻烦,省去自己配置的麻烦,还能节省非常多的时间。

我们先把yum源换成国内的阿里云镜像源(当然不换也可以),先备份一下原来的源镜像文件,以免出错后可以恢复:

[root@192 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/,版本根据自己的系统版本选择下载:

CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

更改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo使其为不生效:

enabled=0

运行yum makecache生成缓存:

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update

安装Nginx

由于yum源中没有我们想要的nginx,那么我们就需要创建一个“/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo”的文件,其实就是新增一个yum源。

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

把如下内容复制进去:

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

然后保存退出,输入 yum list nginx 查看,

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum list nginx
已加载插件:fastestmirror
nginx                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                       |  18 kB  00:00:04     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可安装的软件包
nginx.x86_64                                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx                                  nginx
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep nginx
nginx.x86_64                               1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-debug.x86_64                         1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx           nginx    
nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-10.el7.ngx            nginx    
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.6-2.el7                base     
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# 

如果执行命令是这样的显示效果,那么我们的nginx的yum源就配置成功啦!

然后要安装我们的nginx就直接执行:

yum -y install nginx

这样nginx的最新官网版本就安装好了!

启动nginx:

# nginx      #启动nginx
# curl 127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

安装MySQL 5.7版本,官网http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 

rpm -Uvh  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

可以看到已经有了,并且5.7版本已经启用,可以直接安装:

root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         启用:    24
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              启用:    38
mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source     禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview                禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source       禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server         禁用
mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server         禁用
mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         启用:   146
mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server         禁用
mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# 

如果没有开启,或者你想要选择需要的版本进行安装,修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo,选择需要的版本把enable改为1即可,其它的改为0:

修改好后查看可用的安装版本:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  24
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       38
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 146

不用犹豫,开始安装吧!

yum -y install mysql-community-server

 ……经过漫长的等待后,看到下图所示:

开始启动mysql:

service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

看下mysql的启动状态:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2016-10-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago
  Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 36887 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

10月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
10月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
10月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

开机启动设置:

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

mysql安装完成之后,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码,然后登录mysql进行修改:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2016-10-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a&sqr7dou7N_
mysql -uroot -p

修改root密码:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassWord!';

 注意:mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件,默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含:大小写字母、数字和特殊符号,并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误,如下图所示:

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息:

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

validate_password_policy:密码策略,默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file:密码策略文件,策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length:密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count:大小写字符长度,至少1个 
validate_password_number_count :数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count:特殊字符至少1个 
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

修改密码策略

如果想修改密码策略,在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置:

# 选择0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一种,选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

配置默认编码为utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件,在[mysqld]下添加编码配置,如下所示:

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效:

systemctl restart mysqld

添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录,如果要在其它机器上连接mysql,必须修改root允许远程连接,或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户,为了安全起见,我们添加一个新的帐户:

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'evai'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '@evai2016' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

这样远程就可以用账户名为evai,密码为@evai2016来登录数据库了,运行 select host, user from mysql.user 查看下:

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | evai      |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root      |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安装PHP7

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

执行命令安装php7:

yum install php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-mysql.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64

安装php-fpm:

yum install php70w-fpm php70w-opcache

启动php-fpm:

systemctl start php-fpm

修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 文件,找到下面这段并改为如下所示:

location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /usr/share/nginx/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

接着到 /usr/share/nginx/html 目录下创建一个test.php文件,内容为phpinfo():

vi /usr/share/nginx/html/test.php

#内容
<?php
phpinfo();

保存退出。接着重启nginx:

nginx -s reload

打开浏览器,看到如下图说明运行成功:

至此环境搭建完成。

 

 

posted @ 2016-10-23 23:55  Evai  阅读(21550)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报