[转]C# Socket SSL通讯笔记

一、x.509证书

1.制作证书

先进入到vs2005的命令行状态，即:
开始-->程序-->Microsoft Visual Studio 2005-->Visual Studio Tools-->Visual Studio 2005 命令提示

键入:

makecert -r -pe -n "CN=MyServer" -ss My -sky exchange

解释一下：makecert.exe是一个专门用来制作证书的小工具，上面一行的意思就是制作一个CN=MyServer的服务器证书，默认存储在CurrentUser"My这个位置，同时这个证书标识为可导出。(详细的

MakeCert参数可参见http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/bfsktky3(vs.80).aspx)

再输入:

makecert -r -pe -n "CN=MyClient" -ss My -sky exchange

生成客户端证书,证书生成好以后，可以在IE里查看到,IE-->工具-->Internet选项-->内容-->证书

记得要把证书导入到受信任的那栏，不然是访问不到的， 然后在IE-->工具-->Internet选项-->内容-->证书里导出一个CER，面通知过程中选不要是私钥， 这样给客户端使用

socket服务器的建立代码如下，注意所引用的命名空间:

using System;

using System.ServiceModel;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Net.Security;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Authentication;

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

using System.IdentityModel.Tokens;

using System.IdentityModel.Selectors;



namespace ConsoleApp

{

    public class Program

    {

        static X509Certificate serverCertificate = null;



        public static void RunServer()

        {

            //serverCertificate = X509Certificate.CreateFromSignedFile(@"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\samool.pvk");

            TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.20.139"), 901);

            listener.Start();

            while (true)

            {

                try

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect...");

                    TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();

                    ProcessClient(client);

                }

                catch

                {



                }

            }

        }



        static void ProcessClient(TcpClient client)

        {

            SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false);

            try

            {

                sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);

                DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream);

                DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream);

                DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream);

                DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream);



                sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000;

                sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000;

                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message...");

                string messageData = ReadMessage(sslStream);

                Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData);

                byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server.");

                Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message.");

                sslStream.Write(message);

            }

            catch (AuthenticationException e)

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);

                if (e.InnerException != null)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);

                }

                Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");

                sslStream.Close();

                client.Close();

                return;

            }

            finally

            {

                sslStream.Close();

                client.Close();

            }

        }



        static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)

        {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];

            StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();

            int bytes = -1;

            do

            {

                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();

                char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];

                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);

                messageData.Append(chars);

                if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1)

                {

                    break;

                }

            }

            while (bytes != 0);



            return messageData.ToString();

        }



        static void DisplaySecurityLevel(SslStream stream)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength);

            Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength);

            Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength);

            Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol);

        }



        static void DisplaySecurityServices(SslStream stream)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer);

            Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned);

            Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted);

        }



        static void DisplayStreamProperties(SslStream stream)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite);

            Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout);

        }



        static void DisplayCertificateInformation(SslStream stream)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus);



            X509Certificate localCertificate = stream.LocalCertificate;

            if (stream.LocalCertificate != null)

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",

                localCertificate.Subject,

                    localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),

                    localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());

            }

            else

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null.");

            }

            X509Certificate remoteCertificate = stream.RemoteCertificate;

            if (stream.RemoteCertificate != null)

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",

                    remoteCertificate.Subject,

                    remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),

                    remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());

            }

            else

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null.");

            }

        }



        private static void DisplayUsage()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:");

            Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer");

            //Environment.Exit(1);

        }



        public static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            //string certificate = null;

            //if (args == null || args.Length < 1)

            //{

            //    DisplayUsage();

            //}

            //certificate = args[0];

            try

            {

                X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My);

                store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);



                // 检索证书 

                X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "MyServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。

                if (certs.Count == 0) return;



                serverCertificate = certs[0];

                RunServer();

                store.Close(); // 关闭存储区。

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            }

            Console.ReadLine();

            //return 0;







            //try

            //{

            //    Console.WriteLine("服务端输出：" + ServiceSecurityContext.Current.PrimaryIdentity.AuthenticationType);

            //    Console.WriteLine(ServiceSecurityContext.Current.PrimaryIdentity.Name);

            //    Console.WriteLine("服务端时间：" + DateTime.Now.ToString());

            //}

            //catch (Exception ex)

            //{

            //    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            //}

            //Console.ReadLine();



        }

    }





}

Sokect客户端代码如下：

using System;

using System.Security;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Net.Security;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Authentication;

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;



namespace ConsoleAppClient

{

    using System;

    using System.Collections;

    using System.Net;

    using System.Net.Security;

    using System.Net.Sockets;

    using System.Security.Authentication;

    using System.Text;

    using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

    using System.IO;



    namespace Examples.System.Net

    {

        public class SslTcpClient

        {

            private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable();

            // The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.

            public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(

                  object sender,

                  X509Certificate certificate,

                  X509Chain chain,

                  SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)

            {

                if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)

                    return true;



                Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);



                // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.

                return false;

            }



            public static void RunClient(string machineName)

            {

                // Create a TCP/IP client socket.

                // machineName is the host running the server application.

                TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901);

                Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");

                // Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.

                SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null);

                // The server name must match the name on the server certificate.



                //X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My);

                //store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);



                //// 检索证书 

                //X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "MyServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。



                X509CertificateCollection certs = new X509CertificateCollection();

                X509Certificate cert = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile(@"D:\cashcer.cer");

                certs.Add(cert);

                try

                {

                    sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("MyServer", certs, SslProtocols.Tls, false);

                }

                catch (AuthenticationException e)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);

                    if (e.InnerException != null)

                    {

                        Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);

                    }

                    Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");

                    client.Close();

                    return;

                }

                // Encode a test message into a byte array.

                // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>".

                byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>");

                // Send hello message to the server. 

                sslStream.Write(messsage);

                sslStream.Flush();

                // Read message from the server.

                string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);

                Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);

                // Close the client connection.

                client.Close();

                Console.WriteLine("Client closed.");

            }



            static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)

            {

                // Read the  message sent by the server.

                // The end of the message is signaled using the

                // "<EOF>" marker.

                byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];

                StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();

                int bytes = -1;

                do

                {

                    bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);



                    // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8

                    // in case a character spans two buffers.

                    Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();

                    char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];

                    decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);

                    messageData.Append(chars);

                    // Check for EOF.

                    if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1)

                    {

                        break;

                    }

                } while (bytes != 0);



                return messageData.ToString();

            }



            private static void DisplayUsage()

            {

                Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:");

                Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");

                Environment.Exit(1);

            }



            public static void Main(string[] args)

            {

                string machineName = null; 

                machineName = "192.168.20.139";



                try

                {                  

                    RunClient(machineName);

                }

                catch (Exception ex)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

                }

                Console.ReadLine();

            }

        }

    }



}

运行就可以了。

注意的是证书的取得， 客户端有个向服务器验证证书的方法：

 public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(

                  object sender,

                  X509Certificate certificate,

                  X509Chain chain,

                  SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)

            {

                if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)

                    return true;



                Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);



                // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.

                return false;

            }

如果上面返回的SslPolicyErrors枚举值不是None你就应该检查你的证书是否正确， 是否添加到信任里面。