在使用spring容器的web应用中,业务对象间的依赖关系都可以用context.xml文件来配置,并且由spring容器来负责依赖对象 的创建。如果要在servlet中使用spring容器管理业务对象,通常需要使用WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext())来获得WebApplicationContext,然后调用WebApplicationContext.getBean("beanName")来获得对象的引用,这实际上是使用了依赖查找来获得对象,并且在servlet代码中硬编码了应用对象的bean名字。为了能在servlet中感知spring中bean,可采用如下步骤来实现:
1- 将filter或servlet作为bean定义在context.xml文件中,和要应用的bean定义放在一起;
2- 实现一个代理servlet,该servlet用WebApplicationContext来获得在context.xml中定义的servlet的对象,并将任务委托给context.xml中定义的servlet
3- 在web.xml中用ContextLoaderListener来初始化spring 的context,同时在代理servlet的定义中用初始化参数来定义context.xml中servlet的bean名字。
4- 在web.xml中定义代理servlet的mapping.
利用这种方式就将servlet和业务对象的依赖关系用spring 来进行管理,并且不用在servlet中硬编码要引用的对象名字。
具体实例如下:
Filter
1. 在applicationContext.xml中定义filter
<bean id="springFilter" class="com.netqin.filter.SpringFilter">
<property name="name">
<value>SpringFilter</value>
</property>
</bean>
说明:com.netqin.filter.SpringFilter为实现了javax.servlet.Filter接口的filter
2. 实现filter代理
实际上,filter代理不需要我们自己来实现,Spring提供了两种现成的filter代理
org.springframework.security.util.FilterToBeanProxy,
org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy,两者只是在web.xml中的配置上略有不同,下面就让我们一起看看如何在web.xml中进行配置。
3. 配置web.xml
初始化spring的context
因为是使用spring来管理,所以在使用filter前先要初始化spring的context,一般来说配置如下:
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
Filter配置: FilterToBeanProxy
<filter>
<filter-name> springFilter </filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.security.util.FilterToBeanProxy
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetBean</param-name>
<param-value>springFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
说明:需要为FilterToBeanProxy提供上下文参数,这里我们配置的是targetBean属性,它告诉spring在context中查找的bean名称,所以当请求被过滤器拦截后FilterToBeanProxy会在applicationContext.xml中会查找id为springFilter的bean.
我们也可以配置targetClass属性,意思就是查找该类型的bean.
<filter>
<filter-name>springFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
</filter-class>
</filter>
说明:使用DelegatingFilterProxy时不需要配置任何参数,spring会根据filter-name的名字来查找bean,所以这里spring会查找id为springFilter的bean.
配置filter的mapping
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
OK!filter配置完成。推荐使用DelegatingFilterProxy,应为配置上更简单。
Servlet
Servlet的配置与Filter的配置十分相似
1. 在applicationContext.xml中定义servlet
<bean id="springServlet" class="com.netqin.servlet.SpringServlet">
<property name="name">
<value>SpringServlet</value>
</property>
</bean>
说明:com.netqin.servlet.SpringServlet继承自
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
2. 实现servlet代理
与filter不同,spring没有为servlet提供代理实现,需要我们自己来创建,不过放心,创建一个servlet代理十分简单,一个具体的实现如下:
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
public class ServletToBeanProxy extends GenericServlet {
private String targetBean;
private Servlet proxy;
public void init() throws ServletException {
this.targetBean = getInitParameter("targetBean");
getServletBean();
proxy.init(getServletConfig());
}
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
proxy.service(req, res);
}
private void getServletBean() {
WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils
.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
this.proxy = (Servlet) wac.getBean(targetBean);
}
}
说明:相信看了代码就明白了,它利用targetBean属性在spring中查找相应的servlet,
这很像FilterToBeanProxy的方式,所以我为其取名为ServletToBeanProxy。当然,我们也可以使用类似于DelegatingFilterProxy的方式,只需要将上述代码中标记为黄色的部分修改为this.targetBean=this.getServletName();即可,我们相应的命名为DelegatingServletProxy。
3. 配置web.xml
初始化spring的context
与filter中的说明一致,不再赘述。
Servlet配置:
ServletToBeanProxy
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
com.netqin.servlet.proxy.ServletToBeanProxy
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetBean</param-name>
<param-value>springServlet</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
com.netqin.servlet.proxy.DelegatingServletProxy
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
4. 配置servlet的mapping
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springServlet</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
OK!servlet的配置完成。推荐使用DelegatingServletProxy,应为配置上更简单。
例子代码如下:
(1)代理servlet:
=======================================================================
ackage che
import java.io.IOExceptio
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;import javax.servlet.Servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtil
ublic class ServletToBeanProxy extends GenericServlet { private String targetBea
rivate Servlet proxy; public void init() throws ServletException { System.out.println("proxy init"); this.targetBean = getInitParameter("targetBean"); getServletBean(); proxy.init(getServletConfig()); }
ublic void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { proxy.service(req, res)
rivate void getServletBean() { WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); this.proxy = (Servlet)wac.getBean(targetBean); } }
=================================================================================
(2)web.xml中配置
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLoaction</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/context.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>ProxyBean</servlet-name> <servlet-class>chen.ServletToBeanProxy</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>targetBean</param-name> <param-value>servletBean</param-value> </init-param> </servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ProxyBean</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ProxyBean</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
(3) 完成实际任务的servlet定义,该servlet会引用另一个Book的对象
======================= ServletBean.java=======================
ackage che
import java.io.IOExceptio
import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse
/** * Servlet implementation class for Servlet: ServletBean * */ public class ServletBean extends javax.servlet.GenericServlet implements javax.servlet.Servlet {
rivate Book book; public ServletBean() { super(); } public void init() throws ServletException { super.init(); }
ublic void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { book.showInfo(); }
ublic Book getBook() { return book; }
ublic void setBook(Book book) { this.book = book; } }
================================Book.java==============================
ackage che
ublic class Book { private String isbn; private String name; public String getIsbn() { return isbn; } public void setIsbn(String isbn) { this.isbn = isbn; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void showInfo() { System.out.println("book info..."); } }
(4) context.xml配置
<beans> <bean id="book" class="chen.Book"/> <bean id="servletBean" class="chen.ServletBean"> <property name="book"> <ref bean="book"/> </property> </bean></beans>
注意,在web.xml中并不出现ServletBean的说明,取而代之的是ServletToBeanProxy的说明,并用初始化参数targetBean来定义要代理的Servlet在context.xml中的名字。
当在浏览器中输入http://localhost/webcontext/ProxyBean时 ,spring将会创建ServletBean一个实例,其引用的Book实例也会被创建。
对Filter,springframework1.2以后自带了org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy 来实现Filter和业务对象之间的代理,不需要自行开发了。