推送通知服务

概述

　　Windows Phone 中的Microsoft Push Notification Service向第三方开发人员提供了一个弹性，专注，而且持续的渠道，使得开发人员可以从web service向移动应用程序发送信息和更新。

　　过去移动应用程序需要经常主动去调查其相应的Web服务，以了解是否有任何等待处理的通知。这样做虽然有效，但是会导致手机的无线设备频繁打开，从而对电池续航时间带来负面影响． 使用推送通知的方式取代主动调查，web service能够提醒应用程序获取所需要的重要更新。

 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　图 1　　推送 Notifications

　　当一个Web service有信息要发送到应用程序，它先发送一个通知到Push Notification Service，该服务随后将通知路由到应用程序。根据推送通知的格式和装载量，信息作为原始数据传递到应用程序，应用程序的标题明显地更新或显示一个Toast通知。然后如果需要的话应用程序可以使用自己的协议联系web service以获取更新。

　　Push Notification Service在推送通知发送后向你的web service发送一个回复码．然而，Push Notification Service不能为你的推送提醒是否成功传递到应用程序提供端到端的确认．了解更多信息，请参考 Push Notification Service Response Codes for Windows Phone

推送消息过程：

 

　　　　　　　　　　图 2

1. WP设备到MSNS注册PN服务，并得到唯一的服务URI
   
2. WP设备把服务URI传递给Cloud服务，并注册
3. 当有更新消息发送时，Cloud服务往MSNS服务发送更新消息
4. MSNS把更新消息发送到WP设备
5. 需要时WP设备往Cloud服务读取更多的数据
   

 

推送通知服务类型：

• Raw Notification
  • 可以发送任何格式的数据
  • 应用程序可以根据需要加工数据
  • 应用程序相关（Application-specific）的通知消息
  • 只有在应用程序运行时，才发送
    
• Toast Notification
  • 发送的数据为指定的XML格式
  • 如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中
  • 如果应用程序不在运行，弹出Toast消息框显示消息
    • App图标加上2个文本描述
    • 打断用户当前操作，但这是临时的
    • 用户可以点击进行跟踪
      
• Title Notification
  • 发送的数据为指定的XML格式
  • 不会往应用程序进行发送
  • 如果用户把应用程序pin to start，那么更新数据发送到start screen的titile里
    • 包含三个属性，背景，标题和计算器
    • 每个属性都有固定的格式与位置
    • 可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起使用
      

示例1：（摘自Webcast）

首先建立服务端Windows窗体程序，相当于图2中的Your Cloud Application，界面如下

 

 加入“发送”按钮事件：

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string msg = String.Format("{0}{1}, {2}度", LocationComboBox.Text,
                    WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text);
            string type = NotificationTypeComboBox.Text as string;
            if (type == "Raw")
            {
                byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg);
                SendRawNotification(strBytes);
            }
            else if (type == "Toast")
            {
                string toastMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
                        "<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
                           "<wp:Toast>" +
                              "<wp:Text1>天气更新</wp:Text1>" +
                              "<wp:Text2>" + msg + "</wp:Text2>" +
                           "</wp:Toast>" +
                        "</wp:Notification>";
                byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage);
                SendToastNotification(strBytes);
            }
            else if (type == "Tile")
            {
                string tileMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
                    "<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
                       "<wp:Tile>" +
                          "<wp:BackgroundImage>/Images/" + WeatherComboBox.Text + ".png</wp:BackgroundImage>" +
                          "<wp:Count>" + TemperatureTextBox.Text + "</wp:Count>" +
                          "<wp:Title>" + LocationComboBox.Text + "</wp:Title>" +
                       "</wp:Tile> " +
                    "</wp:Notification>";
                byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage);
                SendTileNotification(strBytes);
            }
        }

加入Raw Notification的方法：

private void SendRawNotification(byte[] Payload)
        {
            // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

            // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

            // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
            // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

            // Sets raw notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3");
            // Possible batching interval values:
            // 3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
            // 13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
            // 23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

            // Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;

            // Sets the notification payload to send.
            byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;

            // Sends the notification.
            using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
            }

            // Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
            string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
            string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
            string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];
            MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

加入Toast Notification类型的方法：

private void SendToastNotification(byte[] Payload)
        {
            // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

            // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

            // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
            // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

            // Sets toast notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast");
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2");
            // Possible batching interval values:
            // 2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
            // 12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
            // 22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

            // Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;

            // Sets the notification payload to send.
            byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;

            // Sends the notification.
            using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
            }

            // Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
            string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
            string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
            string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];
            MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

 加入Tile Notification类型的方法：

private void SendTileNotification(byte[] Payload)
        {
            // The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

            // HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

            // The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
            // same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

            // Sets toast notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token");
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1");
            // Possible batching interval values:
            // 1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
            // 11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
            // 21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

            // Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = Payload.Length;

            // Sets the notification payload to send.
            byte[] notificationMessage = Payload;

            // Sends the notification.
            using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
            }

            // Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
            string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
            string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
            string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];
            MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

 

 

新建Windows Phone Application，界面如下图所示：

 

在MainPage.xaml.cs类中添加字段代码

private HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel;
        private const string channelName = "Channel1";

添加 “连接”按钮事件代码

private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            httpChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);
            //Delete the Channel if exists
            if (httpChannel != null)
            {
                httpChannel.Close();

                httpChannel.Dispose();
            }
            //Create the channel
            httpChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName, "NotificationService");

            //Register to UriUpdated event - occurs when channel successfully opens
            //WP设备到MSNS注册PN服务，并得到唯一的服务URI 
            httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);

            //general error handling for push channel
            httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);

            //Subscribed to Raw Notification
            httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);

            //subscrive to toast notification when running app
            //程序运行时收到消息
            httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
            
            //Open the channel
            httpChannel.Open();

            //subscrive to toast notification
            //程序没有运行时，消息会在WP设备顶部弹出显示
            httpChannel.BindToShellToast();

            //subscrive to tile notification            
            httpChannel.BindToShellTile();
        }

添加事件代码

void httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            string msg = "";
            foreach (var key in e.Collection.Keys)
            {
                msg += key + ": " + e.Collection[key] + Environment.NewLine;
            }
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
            {
                MsgTextBlock.Text = msg;
            });
        }

        void httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            using (var reader = new StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
            {
                string msg = reader.ReadToEnd();
                Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
                {
                    MsgTextBlock.Text = msg;
                });
            }
        }

        void httpChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
        {
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
            {
                MsgTextBlock.Text = e.Message;
            });
        }

        void httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("ChannelUri: {0}", e.ChannelUri);
        }

示例1代码 

示例2：

本示例演示了Toast Notification的使用。示例包含3个项目：

1.WCF服务应用程序，模拟Cloud Application

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;

namespace WcfService1
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IService1
    {
        [OperationContract]
        void Subscribe(string uri);

        [OperationContract]
        void SendToast(string title, string message);
    }

}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;

using System.Net;

namespace WcfService1
{
    public class Service1 : IService1
    {
        private static Uri uri;

        public void Subscribe(string subscriberUri)
        {
            uri = new Uri(subscriberUri);
        }

        public void SendToast(string title, string message)
        {
            string toastMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
                "<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
                   "<wp:Toast>" +
                      "<wp:Text1>" + title + "</wp:Text1>" +
                      "<wp:Text2>" + message + "</wp:Text2>" +
                   "</wp:Toast>" +
                "</wp:Notification>";

            byte[] messageBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(toastMessage);
            SendMessage(uri, messageBytes);
        }


        private static void SendMessage(Uri uri, byte[] message)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
            request.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;
            request.ContentType = "text/xml";
            request.ContentLength = message.Length;

            request.Headers.Add("X-MessageID", Guid.NewGuid().ToString());

            request.Headers["X-WindowsPhone-Target"] = "toast";
            request.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2");

            var requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
            requestStream.Write(message, 0, message.Length);
        }
    }


}

2.WPF应用程序，消息推送触发程序

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="218,101,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="button1_Click" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WpfApplication1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ServiceReference1.Service1Client svc = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client();
            svc.SendToast("Check app", "new data has arrived");

        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <bindings>
            <basicHttpBinding>
                <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IService1" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                    maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">
                    <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
                        maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
                    <security mode="None">
                        <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                            realm="" />
                        <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
                    </security>
                </binding>
            </basicHttpBinding>
        </bindings>
        <client>
            <endpoint address="http://localhost:10317/Service1.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
                bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IService1" contract="ServiceReference1.IService1"
                name="BasicHttpBinding_IService1" />
        </client>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

3.Windows Phone Application，手机接收程序

<phone:PhoneApplicationPage 
    x:Class="WindowsPhoneApplication1.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
    FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
    Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
    SupportedOrientations="Portrait" Orientation="Portrait"
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="480" d:DesignHeight="768"
    shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True">

    <!--LayoutRoot contains the root grid where all other page content is placed-->
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <!--TitlePanel contains the name of the application and page title-->
        <StackPanel x:Name="TitlePanel" Grid.Row="0" Margin="24,24,0,12">
            <TextBlock x:Name="ApplicationTitle" Text="MY APPLICATION" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextNormalStyle}"/>
            <TextBlock x:Name="PageTitle" Text="page name" Margin="-3,-8,0,0" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle1Style}"/>
        </StackPanel>

        <!--ContentPanel - place additional content here-->
        <Grid x:Name="ContentGrid" Grid.Row="1">
            <TextBlock Height="276" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="48,108,0,0" Name="textBlock1" Text="TextBlock" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="350" />
        </Grid>
    </Grid>
</phone:PhoneApplicationPage>

using System;
using System.Windows;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;
using Microsoft.Phone.Notification;

namespace WindowsPhoneApplication1
{
    public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
        private HttpNotificationChannel channel;
        private const string ChannelName = "MyChannel";

        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            SetupNotificationChannel();
        }

        private void SetupNotificationChannel()
        {
            channel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(ChannelName);

            if (channel == null)
            {
                channel = new HttpNotificationChannel(ChannelName);
                channel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(channel_ChannelUriUpdated);
                channel.Open();
            }
            else
            {
                RegisterForNotifications();
            }
        }

        void channel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
        {
            channel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(ChannelName);
            channel.BindToShellToast();
            RegisterForNotifications();
        }

        private void RegisterForNotifications()
        {
            ServiceReference1.Service1Client svc = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client();
            svc.SubscribeAsync(channel.ChannelUri.ToString());

            channel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += (s, e) => Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => ToastReceived(e));
        }

        private void ToastReceived(NotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            textBlock1.Text = string.Format("Title: " + e.Collection["wp:Text1"] + "\nMessage: " + e.Collection["wp:Text2"]);
        }
    }

}

 

示例3：Windows Phone 7 SDK

微软提供的SDK示例，可以访问参考链接4 ，查看完整的示例代码。

 

参考链接：

1.Windows Phone 7 in 7: Push Notifications

http://www.msdev.com/Directory/Description.aspx?eventId=1885

 

2.Code Download 

http://blogs.itmentors.com/nancy

 

3.MSDN Webcast - Silverlight for Windows Phone 开发系列课程(12)：推送通知服务

https://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?EventID=1032473761&EventCategory=3&culture=en-US&CountryCode=US

 

4.使用 Push Notifications实验文档和代码

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/Windowsphone/default.aspx 

 

Receive Push Notifications in an Application for Windows Phone 

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff402556%28v=VS.92%29.aspx