实验一

实验任务一:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

void test1();
void test2();
void test3();

int main() {
    std::cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();

    std::cout << "\n测试3: \n";
    test3();
}

template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i : c)
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    string s0{"0123456789"};
    cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;

    string s1(s0);
    reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    string s2(s0.size(), ' ');
    reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin());
    cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}

void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}

void test3() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);

    vector<int> v3{v0};
    rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
    cout << "v3: "; output(v3);

    vector<int> v4{v0};
    rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
    cout << "v4: "; output(v4);
}
程序正确录入、编译后,运行测试结果:
屏幕截图 2025-10-17 180507

观察与思考:

1.reverse是原地反转容器中元素的顺序;reverse_copy是将反转后的元素复制到目标容器,原容器保持不变

2.rotate是以指定位置为支点,将容器元素循环移动到新位置,三个参数分别为first: 旋转范围的起始位置;n_first: 旋转后应该成为新起始位置的元素;last: 旋转范围的结束位置

实验任务二:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

int generate_random_number();
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    std::srand(std::time(0));  
    std::cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();
}

template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i : c) {
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

int generate_random_number() {
    return std::rand() % 101;
}

void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0(10); 
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number); 
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); 
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}

void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0(10);
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);


    auto min_iter = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    auto max_iter = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *min_iter << endl;
    cout << "最大值: " << *max_iter << endl;

    auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
    cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;

    double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0.0) / v0.size();
    cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;

    sort(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    double avg2 = accumulate(v0.begin()+1, v0.end()-1, 0.0) / (v0.size()-2);
    cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 182505

观察与思考:

1.generate 算法的作用是:使用指定的生成器函数自动填充容器的元素

2.minmax_element 比分别调用 min_element 和 max_element 效率更高,因为它只需要一次遍历就能同时找到最小值和最大值。

3.使用 Lambda 表达式完全替代了原来的函数,效果完全等同,但 Lambda 表达式更加灵活和简洁,特别适合在算法中作为回调函数使用。这种改写是 C++ 现代编程的推荐做法。

实验任务三:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>

unsigned char func(unsigned char c);
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    std::cout << "测试1:字符串大小写转换\n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2:字符变换\n";
    test2();

    return 0;
}

unsigned char func(unsigned char c) {
    if(c == 'z')
        return 'a';
    if(c == 'Z')
        return 'A';
    if(std::isalpha(c))
        return static_cast<unsigned char>(c+1);
    return c;
}

void test1() {
    std::string s1{"Hello world 2049!"};
    std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';

    std::string s2;
    for(auto c : s1)
        s2 += std::tolower(c);
    std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';

    std::string s3;
    for(auto c : s1)
        s3 += std::toupper(c);
    std::cout << "s3 = " << s3 << '\n';
}

void test2() {
    std::string s1{"I love cosmos!"};
    std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';

    std::string s2(s1.size(), ' ');
    std::transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
                   s2.begin(),
                   func);
    std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果为:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 184704

观察与思考:

1.func 函数的功能是:对字母字符进行循环移位(a→b, b→c, ..., z→a),非字母字符保持不变

2.tolower:将大写字母转换为小写字母,其他字符保持不变;toupper:将小写字母转换为大写字母,其他字符保持不变

3.s1.begin():输入范围的起始位置;s1.end():输入范围的结束位置;s2.begin():输出范围的起始位置;func:转换函数(对每个元素执行的操作),第3个参数决定转换结果存储的位置,如果与输入范围重叠,会导致原始数据被修改

实验任务四:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>

bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s);
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s);

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string s;
    
    // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z(Windows)或Ctrl+D(Linux/Mac)结束
    while(cin >> s) {
        cout << "输入: \"" << s << "\"" << endl;
        cout << boolalpha
             << "区分大小写: " << is_palindrome(s) << "\n"
             << "不区分大小写: " << is_palindrome_ignore_case(s) << "\n\n";
    }
    
    return 0;
}

// 严格区分大小写的回文判断
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s) {
    if (s.empty()) return true;
    
    auto left = s.begin();
    auto right = s.end() - 1;
    
    while (left < right) {
        if (*left != *right) {
            return false;
        }
        ++left;
        --right;
    }
    return true;
}

// 不区分大小写的回文判断
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s) {
    if (s.empty()) return true;
    
    auto left = s.begin();
    auto right = s.end() - 1;
    
    while (left < right) {
        // 转换为小写后比较
        char left_char = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*left));
        char right_char = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*right));
        
        if (left_char != right_char) {
            return false;
        }
        ++left;
        --right;
    }
    return true;
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果为:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 185949

观察与思考:

1.使用 getline(cin, s) 替代 cin >> s 即可支持包含空格的字符串输入

实验任务五:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);

int main() {
    int x;
    while(std::cin >> x) {
        std::cout << "十进制: " << x << '\n'
                  << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << '\n'
                  << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << '\n'
                  << "十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 12) << '\n'
                  << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << '\n'
                  << "三十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 32) << "\n\n";
    }
}

// 函数dec2n定义 - 将十进制数转换为n进制字符串
std::string dec2n(int x, int n) {
    if (x == 0) return "0";
    if (n < 2 || n > 36) return "Error"; // 进制范围检查
    
    std::string result;
    bool is_negative = false;
    
    // 处理负数
    if (x < 0) {
        is_negative = true;
        x = -x;
    }
    
    // 进制转换
    while (x > 0) {
        int remainder = x % n;
        char digit;
        
        if (remainder < 10) {
            digit = '0' + remainder;  // 0-9
        } else {
            digit = 'A' + (remainder - 10);  // A-Z
        }
        
        result.push_back(digit);
        x /= n;
    }
    
    // 反转字符串(因为是从低位到高位计算的)
    std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end());
    
    // 添加负号
    if (is_negative) {
        result = "-" + result;
    }
    
    return result;
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果为:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 235230

实验任务六:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

void print_caesar_cipher_complete_table();

int main() {
    std::cout << "=== 凯撒密码完整对照表 ===\n\n";
    print_caesar_cipher_complete_table();
    return 0;
}

void print_caesar_cipher_complete_table() {
    // 打印原始字母表
    std::cout << "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n";
    
    // 打印所有26种偏移量的凯撒密码
    for (int shift = 1; shift <= 26; ++shift) {
        // 设置宽度为2,右对齐打印偏移量
        std::cout << std::setw(2) << shift;
        
        // 生成并打印该偏移量对应的密文字母表
        for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c) {
            char encrypted = 'a' + (c - 'a' + shift) % 26;
            std::cout << encrypted;
        }
        std::cout << '\n';
    }
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果为:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 235555

实验任务七:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    
    // 设置随机种子
    srand(time(0));
    
    int correct_count = 0;
    const int total_questions = 10;
    
    cout << "=== 小学生算术练习 ===\n";
    cout << "请完成以下10道算术题:\n\n";
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= total_questions; i++) {
        // 生成两个1-10的随机数
        int num1 = rand() % 10 + 1;
        int num2 = rand() % 10 + 1;
        
        // 随机选择运算符:0-加, 1-减, 2-乘, 3-除
        int op = rand() % 4;
        char op_char;
        int correct_answer;
        int user_answer;
        
        // 根据运算符生成题目
        switch (op) {
            case 0: // 加法
                op_char = '+';
                correct_answer = num1 + num2;
                break;
                
            case 1: // 减法
                op_char = '-';
                // 确保第一个数大于等于第二个数
                if (num1 < num2) {
                    swap(num1, num2);
                }
                correct_answer = num1 - num2;
                break;
                
            case 2: // 乘法
                op_char = '×';
                correct_answer = num1 * num2;
                break;
                
            case 3: // 除法
                op_char = '÷';
                // 确保能整除
                if (num1 < num2) {
                    swap(num1, num2);
                }
                // 如果不能整除,调整num1为num2的倍数
                if (num1 % num2 != 0) {
                    num1 = num2 * (rand() % (10 / num2) + 1);
                }
                correct_answer = num1 / num2;
                break;
        }
        
        // 输出题目并获取用户答案
        cout << "" << setw(2) << i << "题: " 
             << num1 << " " << op_char << " " << num2 << " = ";
        cin >> user_answer;
        
        // 检查答案
        if (user_answer == correct_answer) {
            cout << "✓ 正确!\n";
            correct_count++;
        } else {
            cout << "✗ 错误!正确答案是: " << correct_answer << "\n";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    
    // 计算并输出正确率
    double accuracy = (static_cast<double>(correct_count) / total_questions) * 100;
    cout << "========================\n";
    cout << "练习完成!\n";
    cout << "答对题数: " << correct_count << "/" << total_questions << "\n";
    cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
    cout << "正确率: " << accuracy << "%\n";
    
    return 0;
}

正确录入后,编译后,运行结果为:

屏幕截图 2025-10-17 235901

 

posted @ 2025-10-18 00:04  董加诚  阅读(12)  评论(1)    收藏  举报