二进制安装K8S

参考链接：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/408967897

准备工作

3台Centos7.9虚拟机
虚拟机配置：2C4G,能连接外网

虚机规划

ip	用途
192.168.0.148	k8S-master01
192.168.0.246	k8S-node01
192.168.0.104	k8S-node02

修改主机名、添加hosts

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02

vi /etc/hosts，追加下面内容

192.168.0.148 k8s-master01
192.168.0.246 k8s-node01
192.168.0.104 k8s-node02

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

swapoff -a
vim /etc/fstab
# 编辑etc/fstab文件，注释swap所在的行

同步时间

ntpdate time.windows.com

Master准备文件

mkdir /root/kubernetes/resources -p
cd /root/kubernetes/resources
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.20/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml

Node准备文件

mkdir /root/kubernetes/resources -p
cd /root/kubernetes/resources
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.20/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz

部署etcd集群

etcd是一个分布式的数据库系统，为了模拟etcd的高可用，部署在K8S集群所使用的三台机器
启用HTTPS安全机制。K8S提供了基于CA签名的双向数字证书认证方式和简单的基于HTTP Base或Token的认证方式，其中CA证书方式的安全性最高。
我们使用cfssl为我们的K8S集群配置CA证书，此外也可以使用openssl。

安装cfssl

在Master机器执行：

cd /root/kubernetes/resources
cp cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl
cp cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssljson
cp cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/bin/cfssl /usr/bin/cfssljson /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

在所有机器执行：
mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p

制作etcd证书

在Master机器执行：
mkdir /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/etcd -p ; cd /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/etcd

编辑ca-config.json，ca-csr.json

vim ca-config.json


{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "etcd": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

vim ca-csr.json

{
    "CN": "etcd ca",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

生成ca证书和密钥：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

编辑server-csr.json：

vim server-csr.json

{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
        "192.168.0.148",
        "192.168.0.246",
        "192.168.0.104"
        ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

# hosts中配置所有Master和Node的IP列表。

生成etcd证书和密钥

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=etcd server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
此时目录下会生成7个文件

ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem server.csr server-csr.json server-key.pem server.pem

拷贝证书

cp ca.pem server-key.pem  server.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
scp ca.pem server-key.pem  server.pem 192.168.0.246:/etc/etcd/ssl
scp ca.pem server-key.pem  server.pem 192.168.0.104:/etc/etcd/ssl

安装etcd

在所有机器执行：

cd /root/kubernetes/resources
tar -zxvf /root/kubernetes/resources/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp ./etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/etcd ./etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/bin

配置etcd

这里开始命令需要分别在Master和Node机器执行，配置etcd.conf

# vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
# k8s-master01写入文件内容如下：

[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.148:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.148:2379"

[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.148:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.148:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.0.148:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.0.246:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.0.246:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

# k8s-node01写入文件内容如下：

[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.246:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.246:2379"

[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.246:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.246:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.0.148:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.0.246:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.0.104:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

# k8s-node02写入文件内容如下：

[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.104:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.104:2379"

[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.104:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.104:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.0.148:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.0.246:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.0.104:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

配置etcd服务配置文件

这里开始在所有机器执行，
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd

执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd \
        --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
        --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
        --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
        --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
        --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
        --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

etcd3.4版本会自动EnvironmentFile文件中的环境变量，不需要再ExecStart的命令参数重复设置，否则会报："xxx" is shadowed by corresponding command-line flag的错误信息。

启动etcd，并且设置开机自动运行etcd

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd.service
systemctl enable etcd.service

检查etcd集群的健康状态

etcdctl endpoint health --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.0.148:2379,https://192.168.0.246:2379,https://192.168.0.104:2379"

部署k8s-master01

K8S的Master上存在着kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler三大组件。
除此之外，如果想在Master机器上操作集群，还需要安装kubectl工具。

安装kubectl

kubernetes的安装包里已经将kubectl包含进去了，部署很简单：

cd /root/kubernetes/resources/
tar -zxvf ./kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl /usr/bin

制作kubernetes证书

mkdir /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/kubernetes /etc/kubernetes/{ssl,bin} -p
cp kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler /etc/kubernetes/bin
cd /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/kubernetes

接下来都在Master机器上执行，编辑ca-config.json
vim ca-config.json

{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

编辑ca-csr.json：
vim ca-csr.json

{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",            
            "O": "kubernetes",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

生成ca证书和密钥：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

制作kube-apiserver、kube-proxy、admin证书

编辑kube-apiserver-csr.json
vim kube-apiserver-csr.json

{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
        "10.0.0.1",
        "127.0.0.1",
        "kubernetes",
        "kubernetes.default",
        "kubernetes.default.svc",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local",
        "172.29.7.148",
        "172.29.7.149",
        "172.29.7.150"
        ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "kubernetes",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

编辑kube-proxy-csr.json：
vim kube-proxy-csr.json

{
    "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
    "hosts": [],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "kubernetes",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

编辑admin-csr.json：
vim admin-csr.json

{
    "CN": "admin",
    "hosts": [],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "system:masters",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

生成证书和密钥

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

此时目录下生成的文件

# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1001 May 28 00:32 admin.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  282 May 28 00:32 admin-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 admin-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1407 May 28 00:32 admin.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  294 May 28 00:30 ca-config.json
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1013 May 28 00:31 ca.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  284 May 28 00:30 ca-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 May 28 00:31 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1383 May 28 00:31 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1273 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  597 May 28 00:31 kube-apiserver-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1655 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1009 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  287 May 28 00:31 kube-proxy-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1411 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy.pem

将kube-proxy证书拷贝到Node

需要在Node机器创建目录，以下命令在Node机器上执行：

mkdir /etc/kubernetes/ -p

然后再在Master机器执行拷贝操作。

cp ca.pem ca-key.pem kube-apiserver.pem kube-apiserver-key.pem kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl 192.168.0.246:/etc/kubernetes
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl 192.168.0.104:/etc/kubernetes

创建 TLSBootstrapping Token

cd /etc/kubernetes
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
# 执行上一步会得到一个token，例如d5c5d767b64db39db132b433e9c45fbc，编辑文件token.csv时需要

# vim token.csv
#写入文件内容，替换生成的token

d5c5d767b64db39db132b433e9c45fbc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"

安装kube-apiserver

准备 kube-apiserver配置文件

# vim apiserver
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

KUBE_API_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.148:2379,https://192.168.0.246:2379,https://192.168.0.104:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.0.148 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.0.148 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/var/logs/kubernetes/k8s-audit.log"

配置 kube-apiserver 服务文件

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-apiserver:

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver

安装 kube-controller-manager

准备kube-controller-manger配置文件

# vim controller-manager
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--leader-elect=true \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"

配置 kube-controller-manger 服务文件

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-controller-manager:

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

安装 kube-scheduler

准备 kube-scheduler配置文件

# vim scheduler
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"

配置 kube-scheduler 服务文件

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-scheduler:

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

kubelet-bootstrap授权

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

查看Master状态

kubectl get cs
如果Master部署成功，应该输出：

"""
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
"""

apiserver授权kubelet

准备 apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml 文件

# cd /root/kubernetes/resources
# vim apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes

# This role allows full access to the kubelet API
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: kubelet-api-admin
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/proxy
  - nodes/log
  - nodes/stats
  - nodes/metrics
  - nodes/spec
  verbs:
  - "*"
# This binding gives the kube-apiserver user full access to the kubelet API
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-apiserver-kubelet-api-admin
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubelet-api-admin
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: User
  name: kube-apiserver

执行以下命令：
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

部署node

K8S的Node上需要运行kubelet和kube-proxy。本篇介绍在Node机器安装这两个组件，除此之外，安装通信需要的cni插件。

本篇的执行命令需要在准备的两台Node机器上执行。

安装docker

可以参照官网：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

# 卸载老版本或重装docker时执行第一行
yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine -y

# 安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y

# 查看Docker版本
docker version

修改Docker镜像加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

启动Docker

systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

安装kubelet

cd /root/kubernetes/resources
tar -zxvf ./kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir /etc/kubernetes/{ssl,bin} -p
cp kubernetes/node/bin/kubelet ./kubernetes/node/bin/kube-proxy /etc/kubernetes/bin
cd /etc/kubernetes

准备kubelet配置文件

# vim kubelet
# 执行上行命令，在k8s-node01写入文件内容如下：

KUBELET_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes  \
--enable-server=true \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--hostname-override=k8s-node01 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl"

在k8s-node02写入文件内容如下：

KUBELET_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes  \
--enable-server=true \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--hostname-override=k8s-node02 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl"

准备bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

# vim /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
    server: https://192.168.0.148:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubelet-bootstrap
  name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubelet-bootstrap
  user:
    token: d5c5d767b64db39db132b433e9c45fbc

# 注意：token的值需要替换为master生成的token.csv中所用的token。

准备kubelet-config.yml文件

vim kubelet-config.yml
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110

准备kubelet.kubeconfig文件

vim kubelet.kubeconfig
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
    server: https://192.168.0.148:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    namespace: default
    user: default-auth
  name: default-context
current-context: default-context
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: default-auth
  user:
    client-certificate: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client-current.pem
    client-key: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client-current.pem

准备kubelet服务配置文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kubelet：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

给Node颁发证书，在Master上执行：

kubectl get csr
输出如下

NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-a-BmW9xMglOXlUdwBjD2QQphXLdu4iwtamEIIbhJKcY 10m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-zDDrVyKH7ug8fTUcDjdvDgh-f9rVCyoHuLMGaWbykAQ 10m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

得到证书的NAME，给其Approve：

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-a-BmW9xMglOXlUdwBjD2QQphXLdu4iwtamEIIbhJKcY
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-zDDrVyKH7ug8fTUcDjdvDgh-f9rVCyoHuLMGaWbykAQ

再次查看证书，证书的CONDITION就会更新了
kubectl get csr

输出如下

NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-a-BmW9xMglOXlUdwBjD2QQphXLdu4iwtamEIIbhJKcY 10m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-zDDrVyKH7ug8fTUcDjdvDgh-f9rVCyoHuLMGaWbykAQ 10m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
接下来使用查看Node的命令，应该可以获取到Node信息：

kubectl get node
输出如下

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node01 NotReady 50s v1.18.20
k8s-node02 NotReady 56s v1.18.20

安装kube-proxy

准备kube-proxy配置文件

vim kube-proxy
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yml"

准备kube-proxy-config.yml文件

vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yml
执行上行命令，在k8s-node01写入文件内容如下：

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
address: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node01
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
  scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: true

在k8s-node02写入文件内容如下：

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
address: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node02
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
  scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: true

准备kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
    server: https://172.29.7.148:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kube-proxy
  name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kube-proxy
  user:
    client-certificate: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem
    client-key: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem

准备kube-proxy服务配置文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Kube-Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
Requires=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

部署cni网络插件

cd /root/kubernetes/resources
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin /etc/cni/net.d
tar -zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署Flannel集群网络

部署calico集群网络

需要在Master机器上执行

cd /root/kubernetes/resources
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

# 查看部署CNI网络插件进度
kubectl get pod -n kube-system

NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-86497987b6-2825f   1/1     Running   3          28h
calico-node-cc88n                          1/1     Running   3          28h
calico-node-x7nkc                          1/1     Running   1          24h

注意：pod状态为ImagePullBackoff，可能是由于网络原因拉取镜像失败导致。可以通过本通过以下方法。同样如果是部署的Flannel集群网络也可用此种方式。

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2

创建角色绑定

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes

K8S集群测试

部署一个nginx的deployment：
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

在等待几秒后，获取deployment

kubectl get deployment
ifconfig cni0
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get svc

# 可以看到nginx已经启动成功。

NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   1/1     1            1           7m7s

# 注意：如果启动失败，可能是由于网络原因拉取镜像失败导致。可以通过kubectl describe pod 查看。

使用service暴露K8S集群内部Pod服务：

kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
# 获取service
kubectl get svc
可以看到，service将nginx的服务转发到了32063端口

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        10h
nginx        NodePort    10.0.0.101   <none>        80:32063/TCP   10s

此时，我们在master机器上使用该端口访问nginx，可以看到成功访问。

[root@k8s-master01 resources]# curl 192.168.0.246:32063
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

posted @ 2022-07-13 09:42 武平宁阅读(113) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

武平宁

日常笔记，仅供个人学习使用

二进制安装K8S

准备工作

虚机规划

修改主机名、添加hosts

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap

同步时间

Master准备文件

Node准备文件

部署etcd集群

安装cfssl

制作etcd证书

编辑ca-config.json，ca-csr.json

生成ca证书和密钥：

编辑server-csr.json：

生成etcd证书和密钥

拷贝证书

安装etcd

配置etcd

配置etcd服务配置文件

启动etcd，并且设置开机自动运行etcd

检查etcd集群的健康状态

部署k8s-master01

安装kubectl

制作kubernetes证书

制作kube-apiserver、kube-proxy、admin证书

生成证书和密钥

将kube-proxy证书拷贝到Node

创建 TLSBootstrapping Token

安装kube-apiserver

准备 kube-apiserver配置文件

配置 kube-apiserver 服务文件

启动kube-apiserver:

安装 kube-controller-manager

准备kube-controller-manger配置文件

配置 kube-controller-manger 服务文件

安装 kube-scheduler

准备 kube-scheduler配置文件

配置 kube-scheduler 服务文件

启动kube-scheduler:

kubelet-bootstrap授权

查看Master状态

apiserver授权kubelet

准备 apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml 文件

部署node

安装docker

修改Docker镜像加速器

启动Docker

安装kubelet

准备kubelet配置文件

准备bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

准备kubelet-config.yml文件

准备kubelet.kubeconfig文件

准备kubelet服务配置文件

启动kubelet：

给Node颁发证书，在Master上执行：

安装kube-proxy

准备kube-proxy配置文件

准备kube-proxy-config.yml文件

准备kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

准备kube-proxy服务配置文件

启动kubelet

部署cni网络插件

部署Flannel集群网络

部署calico集群网络

创建角色绑定

K8S集群测试