CentOS7安装Miniconda

1. 物料包

• https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda

操作系统和芯片架构	文件
MacOS Intel Chip	Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh
MacOS Apple Silicon	Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh
Linux x86_64	Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
Linux aarch64	Miniconda3-latest-Linux-aarch64.sh
Windows x86_64	Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86_64.exe

类似产品：

• https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge

2. 安装

[yangyunhe@sdp Downloads]$ sh Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

Welcome to Miniconda3 py312_25.1.1-2

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue # 按下回车，浏览用户协议，一直按回车
>>> 
ANACONDA TERMS OF SERVICE
...
1. ACCESS & USE
...
2. USERS & LICENSING
...
3. ANACONDA OFFERINGS
...
4. OPEN SOURCE, CONTENT & APPLICATIONS
...
5. CUSTOMER CONTENT, APPLICATIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES
...
6. YOUR DATA, PRIVACY & SECURITY
...
7. SUPPORT
...
8. OWNERSHIP & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
...
9. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
...
10. INDEMNIFICATION
...
11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
...
12. FEES & PAYMENT
...
13. TERM, TERMINATION & SUSPENSION
...
14. RECORDS, USER COUNT
...
15. GENERAL PROVISIONS
...
16. DEFINITIONS
...
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no] # 是否同意协议，输入 yes
>>> 

Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'
>>> yes

Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location # 回车确认默认的路径：/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation # CTRL-C 退出安装
  - Or specify a different location below # 输入安装路径

[/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3] >>> # 默认安装的用户 home 目录下，敲回车确认，这里可以手动输入一个其他路径
PREFIX=/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3
Unpacking payload ...
                                                                                                                                   
Installing base environment... # 安装基础环境
...... 

installation finished.
Do you wish to update your shell profile to automatically initialize conda? # 是否初始化 conda，输入 yes，否则 conda 无法正常使用
This will activate conda on startup and change the command prompt when activated. # 初始化之后，系统开机后就会激活 conda 并且会改变命令提示符
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, # 如果不需要在系统启动之后激活 base 环境，那么在 conda 激活后执行以下命令
   run the following command when conda is activated:

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

You can undo this by running `conda init --reverse $SHELL`? [yes|no] # 你可以通过执行此命令来退回 conda 初始化操作
[no] >>> yes # 输入 yes
...
Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

[yangyunhe@sdp Downloads]$

# 再次连接终端，命令提示符会改变，base 代表目前的 python 环境是 base
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$

3. 虚拟环境操作

miniconda 是为当前用户安装的，conda 初始化之后，修改了用户的 .bashrc 文件

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup

# 查看 python 版本
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ python -V
Python 3.12.9

# 创建虚拟环境
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda create -n testenv python=3.11
# 激活虚拟环境
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda activate testenv
(testenv) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$

# 查看 python 版本
(testenv) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ python -V
Python 3.11.11

# 查看现有的环境（* 代表目前生效的环境）
# 类似作用的命令 conda info -e
(testenv) [yangyunhe@sdp lib]$ conda env list

# conda environments:
#
base                   /home/yangyunhe/miniconda3
testenv              * /home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/envs/testenv

# 切换环境
(testenv) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda activate base
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$

# 退出所有 miniconda 环境，返回系统的 python 版本
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda deactivate
[yangyunhe@sdp ~]$
[yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5

# 删除环境
[yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda env remove -n testenv

# 设置不自动启用 base 环境
[yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda config --set auto_activate_base false

4. conda 设置清华大学源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/

~/.condarc 文件

channels:
  - defaults
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
anaconda_channels:
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r
auto_activate_base: false
show_channel_urls: true

测试

# .condarc 有两个文件，/home/${user}/.condarc 和 /home/${user}/miniconda3/.condarc
# 都得修改，可以删除 /home/${user}/miniconda3/.condarc
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ cp /home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/.condarc /home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/.condarc.bak
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ rm -f /home/yangyunhe/miniconda3/.condarc
# 查看源
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda config --show-sources
==> /home/yangyunhe/.condarc <==
channels:
  - defaults
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
show_channel_urls: True

# 清除索引环境
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda clean -i
Will remove 1 index cache(s).
Proceed ([y]/n)? y

# 安装常用包测试
conda create -n myenv numpy

# 删除测试环境
(base) [yangyunhe@sdp ~]$ conda env remove -n myenv

5 pip 设置清华大学源

修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf文件

[yangyunhe@sdp miniconda3]$ mkdir -p ~/.pip
[yangyunhe@sdp miniconda3]$ vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

# 校验
[yangyunhe@sdp miniconda3]$ ~/miniconda3/bin/pip config list
global.index-url='https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple'
install.trusted-host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn'