[转]线程安装的单例模式.

线程安全的单例模式实现有几种思路,个人认为第2种方案最优雅: 1、饿汉式 2、借助内部类 3、普通加锁解决 4、双重检测,但要注意写法 如果单体模式继续扩展为N元单体模式,那就是对象池模式了 标签: <无> 代码片段(4) [全屏查看所有代码] 1. [代码]饿汉式单例 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class Singleton { private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton(); private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { return INSTANCE; } } 2. [代码]借助内部类 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 public class Singleton { private Singleton() { } private static class SingletonHolder { private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton(); } public static Singleton getInstance() { return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE; } } 属于懒汉式单例,因为Java机制规定,内部类SingletonHolder只有在getInstance()方法第一次调用的时候才会被加载(实现了lazy),而且其加载过程是线程安全的。内部类加载的时候实例化一次instance。 3. [代码]普通加锁解决 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance = null; private Singleton() { } public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() { if(instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } return instance; } } 虽然解决了线程安全问题,但是每个线程调用getInstance都要加锁,我们想要只在第一次调用getInstance时加锁,请看下面的双重检测方案 4. [代码]双重检测方案 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance = null; private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { if(instance == null) { synchronzied(Singleton.class) { Singleton temp = instance; if(temp == null) { temp = new Singleton(); instance = temp } } } return instance; } } 由于指令重排序问题,所以不可以直接写成下面这样: public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance = null; private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { if(instance == null) { synchronzied(Singleton.class) { if(instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } } } return instance; } } 但是如果instance实例变量用volatile修饰就可以了,volatile修饰的话就可以确保instance = new Singleton();对应的指令不会重排序,如下的单例代码也是线程安全的: public class Singleton { private static volatile Singleton instance = null; private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { if(instance == null) { synchronzied(Singleton.class) { if(instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } } } return instance; } }