一、路由规则

Spring Cloud Gateway 的功能很强大,前面我们只是使用了 predicates 进行了简单的条件匹配,其实Spring Cloud Gataway 帮我们内置了很多 Predicates 功能。在 Spring Cloud Gateway 中 Spring 利用Predicate 的特性实现了各种路由匹配规则,有通过 Header、请求参数等不同的条件来进行作为条件匹配到对应的路由。

 

 

 

#路由断言之后匹配
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: after_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        #路由断言之前匹配
        predicates:
        - After=xxxxx
#路由断言之前匹配
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: before_route
        uri: https://xxxxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Before=xxxxxxx
#路由断言之间
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: between_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Between=xxxx,xxxx
#路由断言Cookie匹配,此predicate匹配给定名称(chocolate)和正则表达式(ch.p)
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: cookie_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Cookie=chocolate, ch.p
#路由断言Header匹配,header名称匹配X-Request-Id,且正则表达式匹配\d+
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: header_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
#路由断言匹配Host匹配,匹配下面Host主机列表,**代表可变参数
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: host_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Host=**.somehost.org,**.anotherhost.org
#路由断言Method匹配,匹配的是请求的HTTP方法
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: method_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Method=GET
#路由断言匹配,{segment}为可变参数
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: host_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Path=/foo/{segment},/bar/{segment}
#路由断言Query匹配,将请求的参数param(baz)进行匹配,也可以进行regexp正则表达式匹配 (参数包含foo,并且foo的值匹配ba.)
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: query_route
        uri: https://xxxx.com
        predicates:
        - Query=baz 或 Query=foo,ba.
#路由断言RemoteAddr匹配,将匹配192.168.1.1~192.168.1.254之间的ip地址,其中24为子网掩码位数即255.255.255.0
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: remoteaddr_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24

二、动态路由

和zuul网关类似,在SpringCloud GateWay中也支持动态路由:即自动的从注册中心中获取服务列表并访问。

1、添加注册中心依赖

2、配置动态路由:修改application.yml 配置文件,修改访问映射的URL为服务名称

server:
  port: 8080 #服务端口
spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway #指定服务名
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: product-service
        uri: lb://shop-service-product
        predicates:
        - Path=/product/**
  • uri : uri以lb: //开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称

三、重写转发路径

在SpringCloud Gateway中,路由转发是直接将匹配的路由path直接拼接到映射路径(URI)之后,那么在微服务开发中往往没有那么便利。这里就可以通过RewritePath机制来进行路径重写。

例:修改application.yml ,将匹配路径改为/product-service/**

server:
  port: 8080 #服务端口
spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway #指定服务名
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: product-service
        uri: lb://shop-service-product
        predicates:
        - Path=/product-service/**

重新启动网关,我们在浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/product-service/product/1,会抛出404。这是由于路由转发规则默认转发到商品微服务( http://127.0.0.1:9002/productservice/product/1 )路径上,而商品微服务又没有product-service 对应的映射配置。

添加RewritePath重写转发路径

修改application.yml,添加重写规则。

server:
  port: 8080 #服务端口
spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway #指定服务名
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: product-service
        uri: lb://shop-service-product
        predicates:
        - Path=/product-service/**
        filters:
        - RewritePath=/product-service/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}

通过RewritePath配置重写转发的url,将/product-service/(?.*),重写为{segment},然后转发到订单微服务。比如在网页上请求http://localhost:8080/product-service/product/1,此时会将请求转发到http://127.0.0.1:9002/product/1( 值得注意的是在yml文档中 $ 要写成 $\ )

 四、自动根据微服务名称转发

配置如下:

server:
  port: 8080 #服务端口
spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway #指定服务名
  cloud:
    gateway:
      #配置自动根据微服务名称进行路由转发   http://localhost:8080/shop-servie-product/product/1会自动映射到商品微服务进行转发
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true #开启根据服务名称自动转发
          lower-case-service-id: true #微服务名称已小写形式呈现

 自动路由转发的默认访问规则是

http://Gateway_HOST:Gateway_PORT/大写的serviceId/**

 五、自定义谓词

步骤:

1)首先定义一个配置类,用于承载配置参数;

2)定义一个路由谓词工厂;

注:TokenRoutePredicateFactory类,RoutePredicateFactory固定,Token等于yml配置文件值

3)在配置文件中启用该路由谓词工厂;

举例:要求请求必须携带一个token,并且token值等于指定值,才能访问;

参数配置类:

public class TokenConfig {
    private String token;

    public String getToken() {
        return token;
    }

    public void setToken(String token) {
        this.token = token;
    }
}

谓词工厂类:

@Component
public class TokenRoutePredicateFactory extends AbstractRoutePredicateFactory<TokenConfig> {

    public TokenRoutePredicateFactory() {
        super(TokenConfig.class);
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {
        return Collections.singletonList("token");
    }

    @Override
    public Predicate<ServerWebExchange> apply(TokenConfig tokenConfig) {
        // (T t) -> true
        return exchange -> {
            MultiValueMap<String, String> valueMap = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams();

            boolean flag = false;

            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

            valueMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
                list.addAll(v);
            });

            for (String s : list) {
                log.info("Token -> {} ", s);
                if (StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(s, tokenConfig.getToken())) {
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            return flag;
        };
    }
}

yml配置:

spring:
  cloud: #配置SpringCloudGateway的路由
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true #开启根据服务名称自动转发
          lower-case-service-id: true #微服务名称已小写形式呈现
      routes:
      - id: order-service
        uri: lb://service-order
        predicates:
        - Token=123456
        - Path=/order/**

访问:http://localhost:8080/order/buy/1?token=1234报错404,访问:http://localhost:8080/order/buy/1?token=123456,正确

六、自定义谓词不匹配页面

 处理的顶层接口是WebExceptionHandler,默认实现是DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler,我们需要覆盖它的默认实现DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler,覆盖里面的方法,在方法里面编写我们想要返回的结果

public class MyErrorWebExceptionHandler extends DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler {

    public MyErrorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
                                      ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                      ErrorProperties errorProperties,
                                      ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        super(errorAttributes, resourceProperties, errorProperties, applicationContext);
    }

    /**
     * 获取异常属性
     */
    @Override
    protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        int code = 500;
        Throwable error = super.getError(request);
        if (error instanceof org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.NotFoundException) {
            code = 404;
        }
        return response(code, this.buildMessage(request, error));
    }

    /**
     * 指定响应处理方法为JSON处理的方法
     *
     * @param errorAttributes
     */
    @Override
    protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 根据code获取对应的HttpStatus
     * @param errorAttributes
     */
    @Override
    protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
        int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("code");
        return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
    }

    /**
     * 构建异常信息
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    private String buildMessage(ServerRequest request, Throwable ex) {
        StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder("Failed to handle request [");
        message.append(request.methodName());
        message.append(" ");
        message.append(request.uri());
        message.append("]");
        if (ex != null) {
            message.append(": ");
            message.append(ex.getMessage());
        }
        return message.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 构建返回的JSON数据格式
     *
     * @param status        状态码
     * @param errorMessage  异常信息
     * @return
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> response(int status, String errorMessage) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code", status);
        map.put("message", errorMessage);
        map.put("data", null);
        return map;
    }
}

配置注册类

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {

    private final ServerProperties serverProperties;

    private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;

    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;

    public GatewayConfiguration(ServerProperties serverProperties,
                                ApplicationContext applicationContext,
                                ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
                                ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }

    @Bean("myErrorWebExceptionHandler")
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public ErrorWebExceptionHandler myErrorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {

        MyErrorWebExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = new MyErrorWebExceptionHandler(
                errorAttributes,
                this.resourceProperties,
                this.serverProperties.getError(),
                this.applicationContext);

        exceptionHandler.setViewResolvers(this.viewResolvers);
        exceptionHandler.setMessageWriters(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters());
        exceptionHandler.setMessageReaders(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getReaders());
        return exceptionHandler;
    }
}

返回提示: