Rust 的安装和使用举例
一、环境
二、安装
$curl -sSf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sh
Welcome to Rust.
This script will download the Rust compiler and its package manager, Cargo, and
install them to /usr/local. You may install elsewhere by running this script
with the --prefix=<path> option.
The installer will run under 'sudo' and may ask you for your password. If you do
not want the script to run 'sudo' then pass it the --disable-sudo flag.
You may uninstall later by running /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh,
or by running this script again with the --uninstall flag.
Continue? (y/N) y
rustup: gpg not available. signatures will not be verified
rustup: downloading manifest for 'stable'
rustup: downloading toolchain for 'stable'
######################################################################## 100.0%
rustup: extracting installer
rustup: installing toolchain for 'stable'
Password:
install: creating uninstall script at /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh
install: installing component 'rustc'
install: installing component 'rust-std-x86_64-apple-darwin'
install: installing component 'rust-docs'
install: installing component 'cargo'
Rust is ready to roll.
三、查看
$rustc --version
rustc 1.7.0 (a5d1e7a59 2016-02-29)
$cargo --version
cargo 0.8.0-nightly (28a0cbb 2016-01-17)
$cd ~
$mkdir develop
$cd develop/
$mkdir rust-projects
$cd rust-projects/
$mkdir hello_world
$cd hello_world/
五、rust 之 helloworld
$vi main.rs
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
}
$rustc main.rs
$./main
Hello,world!
六、cargo 之 helloworld
当前文件夹在 hello_world
1、主要的cargo 命令行
$mkdir src
$mv main.rs src/main.rs
$rm main
$vi Cargo.toml
Cargo.toml的内容例如以下
[package] name = "hello_world" version = "0.0.1" authors = ["teamlet@email.com"]
$cargo build
Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/hello_world)
$./target/debug/hello_world
Hello,world!
$cargo run
Running `target/debug/hello_world`
Hello,world!
$cargo build --release
Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/hello_world)$cat Cargo.lock
[root] name = "hello_world" version = "0.0.1"
2、cargo项目的管理工具
1) 自己主动生成项目
$cd ..
$mkdir cargo_test$cd cargo_test/
$cargo new hello_world --bin
$cd hello_world/
$cat Cargo.toml //查看cargo自己主动生成的配置文件
[package] name = "hello_world" version = "0.1.0" authors = ["teamlet <teamlet@mail.com>"] [dependencies]
$cd src/
$cat main.rs //查看cargo自己主动生成的helloworld代码
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
}
2）猜数游戏
$cd ..
$cargo new guessing_game --bin
$cd guessing_game/
$cargo build
Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
$cargo run
Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
Hello, world!
$vi src/main.rs
use std::io;
fn main() {
println!("Guess the number!");
println!("Please input your guess.");
let mut guess = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess)
.expect("Failed to read line");
println!("You guessed:{}",guess);
}
$cargo run
Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
Guess the number!
Please input your guess.
5
You guessed:5
$vi Cargo.toml //添加 dependencies
[package] name = "guessing_game" version = "0.1.0" authors = ["teamlet <teamlet@mail.com>"] [dependencies] rand = "^0.3.13"
Updating registry `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index` Downloading rand v0.3.13 Downloading winapi-build v0.1.1 Downloading advapi32-sys v0.1.2
unable to get packages from source
则须要多次重复运行 cargo build 或者 cargo build -verbose，直到
Downloading winapi v0.2.5
Compiling libc v0.2.8
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/libc-0.2.8/src/lib.rs --crate-name libc --crate-type lib -g --cfg feature=\"default\" --cfg feature=\"use_std\" -C metadata=c1044b0a546bbfd6 -C extra-filename=-c1044b0a546bbfd6 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
Compiling winapi v0.2.5
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/winapi-0.2.5/src/lib.rs --crate-name winapi --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=96db160368c72f00 -C extra-filename=-96db160368c72f00 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
Compiling winapi-build v0.1.1
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/winapi-build-0.1.1/src/lib.rs --crate-name build --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=7bc4b8a4c9d61577 -C extra-filename=-7bc4b8a4c9d61577 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
Compiling advapi32-sys v0.1.2
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/advapi32-sys-0.1.2/build.rs --crate-name build_script_build --crate-type bin -g --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/build/advapi32-sys-911258561df3b2a9 --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern build=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libbuild-7bc4b8a4c9d61577.rlib --cap-lints allow`
Running `/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/build/advapi32-sys-911258561df3b2a9/build-script-build`
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/advapi32-sys-0.1.2/src/lib.rs --crate-name advapi32 --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=911258561df3b2a9 -C extra-filename=-911258561df3b2a9 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern winapi=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libwinapi-96db160368c72f00.rlib --cap-lints allow`
Compiling rand v0.3.13
Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/rand-0.3.13/src/lib.rs --crate-name rand --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=340832a8942cb900 -C extra-filename=-340832a8942cb900 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern libc=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/liblibc-c1044b0a546bbfd6.rlib --extern advapi32=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libadvapi32-911258561df3b2a9.rlib --extern winapi=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libwinapi-96db160368c72f00.rlib --cap-lints allow`
Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
Running `rustc src/main.rs --crate-name guessing_game --crate-type bin -g --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern rand=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/librand-340832a8942cb900.rlib`
改动代码,生成随机数
$vi src/main.rs
extern crate rand;
use std::io;
use rand::Rng;
fn main() {
println!("Guess the number!");
let secret_number = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1, 101);
println!("The secret number is: {}", secret_number);
println!("Please input your guess.");
let mut guess = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess)
.expect("failed to read line");
println!("You guessed: {}", guess);
}
$cargo build
Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
$cargo run
Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
Guess the number!
The secret number is: 55
Please input your guess.
4
You guessed: 4
參考文章地址：
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/getting-started.html
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/guessing-game.html
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