x01.AntWorld: An Python AI Game
1. 学习了一下 AI 五子棋，顺手改作 19 路的棋盘，便于围棋通用。render.py 主要修改如下：
# 常量部分： IMAGE_PATH = 'img/' StoneSize = 32 WIDTH = 650 HEIGHT = 732 ColSize = 33 RowSize = 34.44 H_Pad = (HEIGHT- RowSize * 19) / 2 + (RowSize - StoneSize) / 2 + 1 W_Pad = (WIDTH - ColSize * 19) / 2 + (ColSize - StoneSize) / 2 + 1 Pad = ColSize - StoneSize, RowSize - StoneSize PIECE = StoneSize # 坐标转换部分： def coordinate_transform_map2pixel(self, i, j): # 从 chessMap 里的逻辑坐标到 UI 上的绘制坐标的转换 return j * (PIECE+Pad[0]) + W_Pad, i * (PIECE+Pad[1]) + H_Pad def coordinate_transform_pixel2map(self, x, y): # 从 UI 上的绘制坐标到 chessMap 里的逻辑坐标的转换 i , j = int((y-H_Pad) / (PIECE+Pad[1])), int((x-W_Pad) / (PIECE+Pad[0])) if i < 0 or i >= N or j < 0 or j >= N: return None, None else: return i, j
2. 发现 pygame 还不错，便从网上搜索到《Beginning Game Development With Python And Pygame》，其中蚂蚁游戏的 AI 表现甚好，主要代码如下：
import pygame, os, sys from pygame.locals import * from random import randint from pygame.math import Vector2 BaseDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) ImgPath = BaseDir + '/res/' ScreenSize = (640, 480) NestLocation = (320, 240) AntCount = 20 NestSize = 100.0 class State(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def do_actions(self): pass def check_conditions(self): pass def entry_actions(self): pass def exit_actions(self): pass class StateMachine(object): def __init__(self): self.states = {} self.active_state = None def add_state(self, state): self.states[state.name] = state def think(self): if self.active_state is None: return self.active_state.do_actions() new_state_name = self.active_state.check_conditions() if new_state_name is not None: self.set_state(new_state_name) def set_state(self, new_state_name): if self.active_state is not None: self.active_state.exit_actions() self.active_state = self.states[new_state_name] self.active_state.entry_actions() class World(object): def __init__(self): self.entities = {} self.entity_id = 0 self.background = pygame.surface.Surface(ScreenSize).convert() self.background.fill((255,255,255)) pygame.draw.circle(self.background, (200,255,200), NestLocation, int(NestSize)) def add_entity(self, entity): self.entities[self.entity_id] = entity entity.id = self.entity_id self.entity_id += 1 def remove_entity(self, entity): del self.entities[entity.id] def get(self, entity_id): if entity_id in self.entities: return self.entities[entity_id] else: return None def process(self, time_passed): time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0 entities = list(self.entities.values()) for entity in entities: entity.process(time_passed_seconds) def render(self, surface): surface.blit(self.background, (0,0)) for entity in self.entities.values(): entity.render(surface) def got_close_entity(self, name, location, range=100.0): location = Vector2(*location) for entity in self.entities.values(): if entity.name == name: distance = location.distance_to(entity.location) if distance < range: return entity return None class GameEntity(object): def __init__(self, world, name, image): self.world = world self.name = name self.image = image self.location = Vector2(0, 0) self.destination = Vector2(0, 0) self.speed = 0 self.brain = StateMachine() self.id = 0 def render(self, surface): x,y = self.location w,h = self.image.get_size() surface.blit(self.image, (x-w/2, y-h/2)) def process(self, time_passed): self.brain.think() if self.speed > 0 and self.location != self.destination: vec_to_destination = self.destination - self.location distance_to_destination = vec_to_destination.length() travel_distance = min(distance_to_destination, time_passed * self.speed) self.location += travel_distance * vec_to_destination.normalize() class Leaf(GameEntity): def __init__(self, world, image): GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "leaf", image) class Spider(GameEntity): def __init__(self, world, image): GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "spider", image) self.dead_image = pygame.transform.flip(image, 0, 1) self.health = 25 self.speed = 50.0 + randint(-20,20) def bitten(self): self.health -= 1 if self.health <= 0: self.speed = 0 self.image = self.dead_image self.speed = 140 def render(self, surface): GameEntity.render(self, surface) x,y = self.location w,h = self.image.get_size() bar_x = x - 12 bar_y = y + h/2 surface.fill((255,0,0), (bar_x, bar_y, 25, 4)) surface.fill((0,255,0), (bar_x, bar_y, self.health, 4)) def process(self, time_passed): x,y = self.location if x > ScreenSize[0] + 2: self.world.remove_entity(self) return GameEntity.process(self, time_passed) class Ant(GameEntity): def __init__(self, world, image): GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "ant", image) exploring_state = AntStateExploring(self) seeking_state = AntStateSeeking(self) delivering_state = AntStateDelivering(self) hunting_state = AntStateHunting(self) self.brain.add_state(exploring_state) self.brain.add_state(seeking_state) self.brain.add_state(delivering_state) self.brain.add_state(hunting_state) self.carry_image = None def carry(self, image): self.carry_image = image def drop(self, surface): if self.carry_image: x,y = self.location w,h = self.carry_image.get_size() surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2)) self.carry_image = None def render(self, surface): GameEntity.render(self, surface) if self.carry_image: x,y = self.location w,h = self.carry_image.get_size() surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2)) class AntStateExploring(State): def __init__(self, ant): State.__init__(self, "exploring") self.ant = ant def random_destination(self): w,h = ScreenSize self.ant.destination = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h)) def do_actions(self): if randint(1,20) == 1: self.random_destination() def check_conditions(self): leaf = self.ant.world.got_close_entity("leaf", self.ant.location) if leaf is not None: self.ant.leaf_id = leaf.id return "seeking" spider = self.ant.world.got_close_entity("spider", NestLocation, NestSize) if spider is not None: if self.ant.location.distance_to(spider.location) < 100: self.ant.spider_id = spider.id return "hunting" return None def entry_actions(self): self.ant.speed = 120 + randint(-30, 30) self.random_destination() class AntStateSeeking(State): def __init__(self, ant): State.__init__(self, "seeking") self.ant = ant self.leaf_id = None def check_conditions(self): leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id) if leaf is None: return "exploring" if self.ant.location.distance_to(leaf.location) < 5: self.ant.carry(leaf.image) self.ant.world.remove_entity(leaf) return "delivering" return None def entry_actions(self): leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id) if leaf is not None: self.ant.destination = leaf.location self.ant.speed = 160 + randint(-20,20) class AntStateDelivering(State): def __init__(self, ant): State.__init__(self, "delivering") self.ant = ant def check_conditions(self): if Vector2(*NestLocation).distance_to(self.ant.location) < NestSize: if randint(1, 10) == 1: self.ant.drop(self.ant.world.background) return "exploring" return None def entry_actions(self): self.ant.speed = 60 random_offset = Vector2(randint(-20,20), randint(-20,20)) self.ant.destination = Vector2(*NestLocation) + random_offset class AntStateHunting(State): def __init__(self, ant): State.__init__(self, "hunting") self.ant = ant self.got_kill = False def do_actions(self): spider = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.spider_id) if spider is None: return self.ant.destination = spider.location if self.ant.location.distance_to(spider.location) < 15: if randint(1,5) == 1: spider.bitten() if spider.health <= 0: self.ant.carry(spider.image) self.ant.world.remove_entity(spider) self.got_kill = True def check_conditions(self): if self.got_kill: return "delivering" spider = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.spider_id) if spider is None: return "exploring" if spider.location.distance_to(NestLocation) > NestSize * 3: return "exploring" return None def entry_actions(self): self.speed = 160 + randint(0,50) def exit_actions(self): self.got_kill = False def run(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode(ScreenSize, 0, 32) world = World() w,h = ScreenSize clock = pygame.time.Clock() ant_image = pygame.image.load(ImgPath + "ant.png").convert_alpha() leaf_image = pygame.image.load(ImgPath + "leaf.png").convert_alpha() spider_image = pygame.image.load(ImgPath + "spider.png").convert_alpha() for ant_nr in range(AntCount): ant = Ant(world, ant_image) ant.location = Vector2(randint(0,w), randint(0,h)) ant.brain.set_state("exploring") world.add_entity(ant) while True: for e in pygame.event.get(): if e.type == QUIT: return time_passed = clock.tick(30) if randint(1,10) == 1: leaf = Leaf(world, leaf_image) leaf.location = Vector2(randint(0,w), randint(0,h)) world.add_entity(leaf) if randint(1,100) == 1: spider = Spider(world, spider_image) spider.location = Vector2(-50, randint(0,h)) spider.destination = Vector2(w+50, randint(0,h)) world.add_entity(spider) world.process(time_passed) world.render(screen) pygame.display.update() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
运行效果图如下：
完整源代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/download/china_x01/10125074
