pytest简介、编写规则、fixture
一、pytest简介
pytest 是 python 的第三方单元测试框架,比自带的 unittest 更简洁和高效,同时兼容 unittest 框架。
它还有如下优点:
1、简单灵活,容易上手,文档丰富;
2、支持参数化,可以细粒度地控制要测试的测试用例;
3、能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试,还可以用来做 selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试(pytest+requests);
4、pytest具有很多第三方插件,并且可以自定义扩展,比较好用的如pytest- selenium(集成selenium)、pytest-html(完美html测试报告生成)、 pytest-rerunfailures(失败case重复执行)、pytest-xdist(多CPU分发)等
5、测试用例的skip和xfail处理;
6、可以很好的和CI工具结合,例如jenkins。
pytest是python的一个第三方类库,可以直接使用pip install pytest 在线 安装,或者下载离线包安装。
二、pytest测试用例编写规则
1、测试文件以test_开头(以_test结尾也可以)
2、测试类以Test开头,并且不能带有 init 方法
3、测试函数以test_开头
4、断言必须使用 assert
举例:
import pytest class TestDemo01: def testadd(self): assert 10+10 == 20 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main()
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collected 1 item test_demo_01.py . [100%] ============================== 1 passed in 0.06s ===============================
test_demo_01.py 为文件名
三、pytest中的fixture
fixture是pytest特有的功能,它用pytest.fixture标识,定义在函数前面。 fixture有明确的名字,在其他函数,模块,类或整个工程调用它时会被激活。 fixture是基于模块来执行的,每个fixture的名字就可以触发一
个fixture的函数, 它自身也可以调用其他的fixture。
可以把fixture看做是资源,在你的测试用例执行之前需要去配置这些资源, 执行完后需要去释放资源。类似unittest中的setup和teardown功能。
四、fixture方法详解
fixture(callable_or_scope=None,*args,scope="function",params=None,aut ouse=False,ids=None,name=None)
scope: 作用范围,设置范围后,会根据设置的范围去触发执行。
范围可选值:
- function:每个方法(函数)都会执行一次。(默认)
- class:每个类都会执行一次。类中有多个方法调用,只在第一个方法调用时执行
- module:一个 .py 文件执行一次。一个.py 文件可能包含多个类和方法。
- package/session:多个文件调用一次,可以跨 .py 文件。
function举例:
import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope='function') def setUp(): print('测试初始化') yield print('测试清理') class TestDemo01: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-s'])
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collected 2 items test_demo_02.py 测试初始化 test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .测试清理 测试初始化 test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .测试清理 ============================== 2 passed in 0.05s ===============================
class举例:
import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope='class') def setUp(): print('测试初始化') yield print('测试清理') class TestDemo01: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 class TestDemo02: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-s'])
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collected 4 items test_demo_03.py 测试初始化 test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .测试清理 测试初始化 test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd .test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd .测试清理 ============================== 4 passed in 0.06s =============================== Process finished with exit code 0
module举例:
import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope='module') def setUp(): print('测试初始化') yield print('测试清理') class TestDemo01: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 class TestDemo02: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-s'])
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collected 4 items test_demo_03.py 测试初始化 test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_02 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd .test_demo_02 TestDemo02 testadd .测试清理 ============================== 4 passed in 0.06s ===============================
package/session举例:
文件一:test_demo_03.py import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope='session') def setUp(): print('测试初始化') yield print('测试清理') class TestDemo01: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_03 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_03 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 class TestDemo02: def testadd(self,setUp): print('test_demo_03 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self,setUp): print('test_demo_03 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-s'])
文件二:test_demo_04.py import pytest class TestDemo01: def testadd(self): print('test_demo_04 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self): print('test_demo_04 TestDemo01 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 class TestDemo02: def testadd(self): print('test_demo_04 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 10+10 == 20 def testsub(self): print('test_demo_04 TestDemo02 testadd') assert 20-10 == 10 if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-s'])
运行test_demo_03.py或test_demo_04.py
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collected 8 items test_demo_03.py 测试初始化 test_demo_03 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_03 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_03 TestDemo02 testadd .test_demo_03 TestDemo02 testadd . test_demo_04.py test_demo_04 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_04 TestDemo01 testadd .test_demo_04 TestDemo02 testadd .test_demo_04 TestDemo02 testadd .测试清理 ============================== 8 passed in 0.06s ===============================
name:fixture的名称,默认为装饰函数的名称
autouse:在一个session内所有的test都会自动调用当前的fixture,默认为false
ids:测试字符串id的列表,每个测试字符串id对应于params,默认为参数值
params:传入参数,接收一个列表,列表中每个数据都作为用例的输入
举例(autouser=True,则不需要显示调用,例如函数test01()):
import pytest
p = [100,200]
@pytest.fixture(params=p,autouse=True,ids=['01','02'],name='paramss')
def setUp(request):
return request.param
class TestDemo01:
def testadd(self,paramss):
print(paramss)
assert 10+10 < paramss
def testsub(self,paramss):
print(paramss)
assert 20-10 < paramss
def test01(self):
print('test_autouse')
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main(['-v','-s'])
============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.0.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.7 cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: /appium_test/pytest plugins: Faker-4.1.1, celery-4.2.0 collecting ... collected 4 items test_demo_05.py::TestDemo01::testadd[01] 100 PASSED test_demo_05.py::TestDemo01::testadd[02] 200 PASSED test_demo_05.py::TestDemo01::testsub[01] 100 PASSED test_demo_05.py::TestDemo01::testsub[02] 200 PASSED ============================== 4 passed in 0.06s =============================== Process finished with exit code 0