[程序员学英语]英语的词类

英语的词类

1 名词 n. teacher, book 。表示人或事物的名称 在句中可作主语，表语，补语，定语，同位语。

2 代词 pron. We ,me, he 等。代替名词或数词。 在句中可作主，表，宾，定，同。

3 数词 num. two,fifth 等。表示数目或顺序 在句中可做主，表，宾，定，同。

4 动词 v. work, study, live 等。 表示动作或状态 在句中可做谓语。

5 形容词 adj. good, big, beautiful 等。表示人或事物的性质或状态， 可做表，补，定，同。

6 副词 adv .fast, quickly 表示动作特征或形状特征 可做表，状。

7 冠词 art. a, an, the 表示名词的泛指或特指

8 介词 prep. In, on,by,with

9 连词 conj. And,if,but连接词，短语，句子

10 感叹词 interj. Oh,ah 表示说话者的感情或口气 句子成分 在句中起不同语法作用的部分叫句子成分。

 

1 主语表示句子描述的是‘谁’或‘什么’，是谓语的陈述对象。通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。 The sun rises in the east. I am a teacher. Getting up early is a good habit.

2 谓语说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任。We study English. He lives in Shanghai.

3 表语说明主语的性质或特征，由名词，形容词，副词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。We are students. She is beautiful. He is hard working.

4 宾语表示及物动词或短语的对象或内容，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。I love you. I teach English. He bought a book. 宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语 I give you lessons.

5 定语修饰或限定名词或代词的，由形容词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。 This is a hard job. She is a beautiful girl.

6 补语补充说明主语或宾语的，由形容词，名词，代词担任。We made him monitor. 7 状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的。通常由副词，不定式，分词或从句担任。 He runs fast. She is very beautiful.

8同位语对前面的名词，代词做进一步的解释，由名词，形容词担任。This is Mr.zhou, our headmaster.

9 插入语 对一句话做一些附加性的解释。 To be honest, I don’t agree with you. 分析斜体所做句子成分，

1 I am your English teacher, I teach you English.

2 Both he and she are my good friends. We help each other.

3 Father has just bought me a new book. 4 He runs very fast.

5 We love our hometown.

6 My 8-year-old daughter is a primary student.

7 What do you like most? 8 He writes beautifully. 简单句的基本句型英语简单句主要用3种动词《系动词，及物动词，不及物动词》。

 

5种基本句型

1 主语+系动词+表语 She is a teacher. You are beautiful. He looks happy today.

2 主语+不及物动词 Tom died. The son is rising. The price has gone down.

3 主语+及物动词+宾语 We learn English. He bought a book.

4 主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾 I gave him some money. He bought me a book.

5 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 We think it easy. We made him monitor.