django1

django 安装

pip install django

django 特点

重量级框架，齐全
快速开发
强大的后台，数据库接口，模板，路由映射，缓存

django MTV

MTV分别表示models、templates和views。
models文件主要定义数据库的连接。
templates文件可以放一些html的模版。
views文件主要定义处理请求的函数。

创建应用

创建django项目django-admin startproject djangoone

创建django app django-admin startapp mysite/python manage.py startapp mysite

简单的请求

Views:

from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def shows(request):
    return HttpResponse('hi')

urls:

from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', views.shows, name="shows"),

]

命令行启动：

python manage.py runserver

服务端默认会监听8000端口，通过浏览器请求 http://localhost:8000/index即可获得'hi'字符串。如果故意输错会出现可访问路由地址提示

Django路由分发url

路由即将不同url的请求转发给处理该请求的函数，Django中的路由表定义在urls文件中。

(1)动态url

urls文件的配置

url和re_path支持正则，如(\d+)表示获取匹配到的数字。

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^index/(\d+)/',views.shows),

]

(2)变量付值

(?P<n1>\d+)表示将匹配到的值(数字)付给形参n1，然后获取n1的值。小括号代表分组

Views:

from django.http import HttpResponse

def showsyear(request,year):
    return HttpResponse(r'hi,{}'.format(year))

urls:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 
    re_path('^index/(?P<year>\d+)/$', views.showsyear, name="showsyear"),
    # 等同于url('^index/(?P<year>\d+)/$', views.showsyear, name="showsyear"),
]

通过浏览器请求 http://localhost:8000/index/1996即可获得'hi,1996'字符串

(3)二级路由(将project的urls接收到的请求转发到其它app的urls中)

先再建一个app,需要使用命令行

cd /当前mangage所在目录

python manage.py mysitea,现在的目录

　　project中urls文件配置　　

from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path,include,re_path
urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path('^mysite/',include('mysite.urls')),
    re_path('^mysitea/',include('mysitea.urls')),
]

mysitea中urls文件的配置

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from mysitea import views
urlpatterns = [

    re_path('^(?P<year>\d+)/$', views.showmysiteayear, name="showmysiteayear"),
]

　　mysitea中views文件的配置

from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

def showmysiteayear(request,year):
    return HttpResponse(r'hi,{}'.format(year))

　　mysite中urls文件的配置

from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = [

    re_path('^(?P<year>\d+)/$', views.showmysiteyear, name="showmysiteyear"),
]

mysite中views文件的配置

from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def showmysiteyear(request,year):
    return HttpResponse(r'hi,{}'.format(year))

django sqllite3

数据库创建

(1)注册

　　Django中数据库的配置文件为settings，默认的数据库引擎为 sqlite3。

　　Django中是在models文件中创建数据库，通过类创建数据库。创建数据库之前，需要在settings文件中注册一下app。

　　如下:

　　settings.py中注册test1

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'mysite',
    'mysitea',
]

（2）models.py中使用models.Model子类创建数据库

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class BirdayInfo(models.Model):

    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    relationship=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    birthday=models.DateField()

    def __str__(self):

         return self.name

（3）配置

不需要对设置改动，默认使用sqlite数据库，该数据库不需要配置　　

（4）生成数据库配置文件

生成创建数据库的配置文件

python manage.py makemigrations

此时在mysite的migrations目录下会生成一个0001_initial.py 生成数据库的配置文件

（5）迁移

根据生成的配置文件创建数据库

python manage.py migrate

这样，就创建好了数据库。

因为用到了dateField字段，所以要到settings中改默认时区

TIME_ZONE是设置时区，如果想获取中国的当前，可以设置 TIME_ZONE = ‘Asia/Shanghai‘。
同时把USE_TZ设置为False，要不然数据库的实际和当前系统时间不一致，还要改默认的语言为'zh-hans'

django admin

（1）使用admin进行增、删、改、查

创建超级管理员，就可以直接使用账户密码登入/admin/后台中

python manage.py createsuperuser

输入名字，邮箱和密码

Admin是英文的，在settings中可改成中文，

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

在admin中注册该表

from django.contrib import admin
from mysite import models
# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(models.BithdayInfo)

增加和修改

在navicat中查询表

（2）自定义简单接口

数据库增、删、改、查

Mysite的urls

from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from mysite import views
urlpatterns = [

    re_path('^(?P<name>\w+)/(?P<relationship>\w+)/(?P<y>\d+)/(?P<m>\d+)/(?P<d>\d+)/$', views.insertbirthday, name="insertbirthday"),
    re_path('^showbirthday/$', views.showbirthday, name="showbirthday"),
    re_path('^updatebirthday/$', views.updatebirthday, name="updatebirthday"),
    re_path('^delbirthday/$', views.delbirthday, name="delbirthday"),
]

新增数据

Mysite的views

from django.http import HttpResponse
from mysite import models
import datetime
# Create your views here.
def insertbirthday(request,name,relationship,y,m,d):

    models.BithdayInfo.objects.create(name=r'{}'.format(name), relationship=r'{}'.format(relationship), birthday=datetime.date(int(y),int(m),int(d)))

    return HttpResponse(r'hi,{}|{}|{}|{}|{}'.format(name,relationship,y,m,d))

#用户在访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/mysite/名字/关系/年/月/日/时就会新增一条数据

展示数据，删除数据，更新数据

Mysite的views

def showbirthday(request):
    res = models.BithdayInfo.objects.all()
    return render(request,'showbirday.html',{'res': res})

def delbirthday(request):
    models.BithdayInfo.objects.filter(name__contains='hh').delete()
    return redirect('http://127.0.0.1:8000/mysite/showbirthday/')

def updatebirthday(request):
    models.BithdayInfo.objects.filter(name__iexact='hh').update(relationship='母子')
    return redirect('http://127.0.0.1:8000/mysite/showbirthday/')

showbirthday.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>生日</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>关系</th>
    <th>生日</th>
</tr>
{% for re in res %}
<tr>
    <td>{{ re.name }}</td>
    <td>{{ re.relationship }}</td>
    <td>{{ re.birthday }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>

</body>
</html>

（3）使用python request增删改

新增

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>生日</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>关系</th>
    <th>生日</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for re in res %}
<tr>
    <td>{{ re.name }}</td>
    <td>{{ re.relationship }}</td>
    <td>{{ re.birthday }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>

    <form action="{% url 'showbirthday' %}">{% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="姓名"><br/>
        <input type="text" name="relationship" placeholder="关系"><br/>
        <input type="datetime" name="birthday" placeholder="哪年.哪月.哪日">
        
        <input type="submit" value="提交" formmethod="post">
        
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Views:

def showbirthday(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get("name","")
        relationship = request.POST.get("relationship","")
        birthday = request.POST.get("birthday","")
        y,m,d = birthday.split(".")
        birth = datetime.date(int(y),int(m),int(d))
        models.BithdayInfo.objects.create(name=name,relationship=relationship,birthday=birth)
        print("ok")
    res = models.BithdayInfo.objects.filter(is_delect=False)
    return render(request,'showbirday.html',{'res': res})

这样就实现了新增生日记录的效果，如图：

删除和修改

修改前端：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>生日</title>

</head>

<body>

<table>

<thead>

<tr>

    <th>姓名</th>

    <th>关系</th>

    <th>生日</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

{% for re in res %}

<tr>

    <td>{{ re.name }}</td>

    <td>{{ re.relationship }}</td>

    <td>{{ re.birthday }}</td>

</tr>

{% endfor %}

</tbody>

</table>

    <form action="{% url 'showbirthday' %}">{% csrf_token %}

        <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="姓名">

        <input type="text" name="relationship" placeholder="关系">

        <input type="datetime" name="birthday" placeholder="哪年.哪月.哪日"><br/>

        <input type="radio" name="action" id="insert" value="insert"/>新增

      <input type="radio" name="action" id="delete" value="delete"/>根据姓名删除

      <input type="radio" name="action" id="update" value="update"/>根据姓名更新

        <input type="submit" value="执行操作" formmethod="post">

    </form>
</body>

</html>

url.py

urlpatterns = [
    re_path('^showbirthday/', views.showbirthday, name="showbirthday"),
]

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from mysite import models
import datetime
# Create your views here.

def showbirthday(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        _action = request.POST.get("action")
        name = request.POST.get("name", "")
        if _action == "insert" or _action == "update":
            relationship = request.POST.get("relationship", "")
            birthday = request.POST.get("birthday", "")
            y, m, d = birthday.split(".")
            birth = datetime.date(int(y), int(m), int(d))
            if _action == "insert":
                models.BithdayInfo.objects.create(name=name,relationship=relationship,birthday=birth)
                print("insert action ok")
            elif _action == "update":
                models.BithdayInfo.objects.filter(name__iexact=name).update(relationship=relationship,birthday=birth)
                print("update action ok")
        elif _action == "delete":
            models.BithdayInfo.objects.filter(name__iexact=name).delete()
            print("delete action ok")
        else:
            pass

    res = models.BithdayInfo.objects.all()
    return render(request,'showbirday.html',{'res': res})

结果

posted @ 2020-08-14 19:03 inhocho 阅读(27) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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inhocho

django1

django 安装

django 特点

django MTV

创建应用

简单的请求

Django路由分发url

django sqllite3

django admin

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