代码随想录训练营｜Day 8｜344，541, 剑指Offer 05, 151, 剑指Offer58-II
344. Reverse String
Write a function that reverses a string. The input string is given as an array of characters s.
You must do this by modifying the input array in-place with O(1) extra memory.
Example 1:
Input: s = ["h","e","l","l","o"]
Output: ["o","l","l","e","h"]
Example 2:
Input: s = ["H","a","n","n","a","h"]
Output: ["h","a","n","n","a","H"]
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 105s[i]is a printable ascii character.
我们定义两个指针（也可以说是索引下标），一个从字符串前面，一个从字符串后面，两个指针同时向中间移动，并交换元素。
class Solution {
public void reverseString(char[] s) {
int l = 0;
int r = s.length - 1;
while (l < r) {
s[l] ^= s[r]; //构造 a ^ b 的结果，并放在 a 中
s[r] ^= s[l]; //将 a ^ b 这一结果再 ^ b ，存入b中，此时 b = a, a = a ^ b
s[l] ^= s[r]; //a ^ b 的结果再 ^ a ，存入 a 中，此时 b = a, a = b 完成交换
l++;
r--;
}
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-string/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0344.反转字符串.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fV4y17748/
541. Reverse String II
Given a string s and an integer k, reverse the first k characters for every 2k characters counting from the start of the string.
If there are fewer than k characters left, reverse all of them. If there are less than 2k but greater than or equal to k characters, then reverse the first k characters and leave the other as original.
Example 1:
Input: s = "abcdefg", k = 2
Output: "bacdfeg"
Example 2:
Input: s = "abcd", k = 2
Output: "bacd"
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 104sconsists of only lowercase English letters.1 <= k <= 104
当需要固定规律一段一段去处理字符串的时候，要想想在在for循环的表达式上做做文章。
- 每隔 2k 个字符的前 k 个字符进行反转
- 剩余字符小于 2k 但大于或等于 k 个，则反转前 k 个字符
- 剩余字符少于 k 个，则将剩余字符全部反转
class Solution {
public String reverseStr(String s, int k) {
char[] ch = s.toCharArray();
// 1. 每隔 2k 个字符的前 k 个字符进行反转
for (int i = 0; i< ch.length; i += 2 * k) {
// 2. 剩余字符小于 2k 但大于或等于 k 个，则反转前 k 个字符
if (i + k <= ch.length) {
reverse(ch, i, i + k -1);
continue;
}
// 3. 剩余字符少于 k 个，则将剩余字符全部反转
reverse(ch, i, ch.length - 1);
}
return new String(ch);
}
// 定义翻转函数
public void reverse(char[] ch, int i, int j) {
for (; i < j; i++, j--) {
char temp = ch[i];
ch[i] = ch[j];
ch[j] = temp;
}
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-string-ii/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0541.反转字符串II.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dT411j7NN/
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-nth-node-from-end-of-list/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0019.删除链表的倒数第N个节点.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vW4y1U7Gf/
剑指 Offer 05. 替换空格
请实现一个函数，把字符串 s 中的每个空格替换成"%20"。
示例 1：
输入：s = "We are happy."
输出："We%20are%20happy."
限制：
0 <= s 的长度 <= 10000
首先扩充数组到每个空格替换成"%20"之后的大小。
然后从后向前替换空格，也就是双指针法
从前向后填充就是O(n^2)的算法了，因为每次添加元素都要将添加元素之后的所有元素向后移动。
public String replaceSpace(String s) {
if(s == null || s.length() == 0){
return s;
}
//扩充空间，空格数量2倍
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
if(s.charAt(i) == ' '){
str.append(" ");
}
}
//若是没有空格直接返回
if(str.length() == 0){
return s;
}
//有空格情况 定义两个指针
int left = s.length() - 1;//左指针：指向原始字符串最后一个位置
s += str.toString();
int right = s.length()-1;//右指针：指向扩展字符串的最后一个位置
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
while(left>=0){
if(chars[left] == ' '){
chars[right--] = '0';
chars[right--] = '2';
chars[right] = '%';
}else{
chars[right] = chars[left];
}
left--;
right--;
}
return new String(chars);
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.cn/problems/ti-huan-kong-ge-lcof/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/剑指Offer05.替换空格.html
151. Reverse Words in a String
Given an input string s, reverse the order of the words.
A word is defined as a sequence of non-space characters. The words in s will be separated by at least one space.
Return a string of the words in reverse order concatenated by a single space.
Note that s may contain leading or trailing spaces or multiple spaces between two words. The returned string should only have a single space separating the words. Do not include any extra spaces.
Example 1:
Input: s = "the sky is blue"
Output: "blue is sky the"
Example 2:
Input: s = " hello world "
Output: "world hello"
Explanation: Your reversed string should not contain leading or trailing spaces.
Example 3:
Input: s = "a good example"
Output: "example good a"
Explanation: You need to reduce multiple spaces between two words to a single space in the reversed string.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 104scontains English letters (upper-case and lower-case), digits, and spaces' '.- There is at least one word in
s.
Follow-up: If the string data type is mutable in your language, can you solve it in-place with O(1) extra space?
将整个字符串都反转过来，那么单词的顺序指定是倒序了，只不过单词本身也倒序了，那么再把单词反转一下，单词不就正过来了。
- 移除多余空格
- 将整个字符串反转
- 将每个单词反转
class Solution {
/**
* 不使用Java内置方法实现
* <p>
* 1.去除首尾以及中间多余空格
* 2.反转整个字符串
* 3.反转各个单词
*/
public String reverseWords(String s) {
// System.out.println("ReverseWords.reverseWords2() called with: s = [" + s + "]");
// 1.去除首尾以及中间多余空格
StringBuilder sb = removeSpace(s);
// 2.反转整个字符串
reverseString(sb, 0, sb.length() - 1);
// 3.反转各个单词
reverseEachWord(sb);
return sb.toString();
}
private StringBuilder removeSpace(String s) {
// System.out.println("ReverseWords.removeSpace() called with: s = [" + s + "]");
int start = 0;
int end = s.length() - 1;
while (s.charAt(start) == ' ') start++;
while (s.charAt(end) == ' ') end--;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (start <= end) {
char c = s.charAt(start);
if (c != ' ' || sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1) != ' ') {
sb.append(c);
}
start++;
}
// System.out.println("ReverseWords.removeSpace returned: sb = [" + sb + "]");
return sb;
}
/**
* 反转字符串指定区间[start, end]的字符
*/
public void reverseString(StringBuilder sb, int start, int end) {
// System.out.println("ReverseWords.reverseString() called with: sb = [" + sb + "], start = [" + start + "], end = [" + end + "]");
while (start < end) {
char temp = sb.charAt(start);
sb.setCharAt(start, sb.charAt(end));
sb.setCharAt(end, temp);
start++;
end--;
}
// System.out.println("ReverseWords.reverseString returned: sb = [" + sb + "]");
}
private void reverseEachWord(StringBuilder sb) {
int start = 0;
int end = 1;
int n = sb.length();
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sb.charAt(end) != ' ') {
end++;
}
reverseString(sb, start, end - 1);
start = end + 1;
end = start + 1;
}
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-words-in-a-string/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0151.翻转字符串里的单词.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1uT41177fX/
剑指 Offer 58 - II. 左旋转字符串
字符串的左旋转操作是把字符串前面的若干个字符转移到字符串的尾部。请定义一个函数实现字符串左旋转操作的功能。比如，输入字符串abcdefg和数字2，该函数将返回左旋转两位得到的结果cdefgab。
示例 1：
输入: s = "abcdefg", k = 2
输出: "cdefgab"
示例 2：
输入: s = "lrloseumgh", k = 6
输出: "umghlrlose"
限制：
1 <= k < s.length <= 10000
不能申请额外空间，只能在本串上操作
- 反转区间为前n的子串
- 反转区间为n到末尾的子串
- 反转整个字符串
![image]()
class Solution {
public String reverseLeftWords(String s, int n) {
int len=s.length();
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder(s);
reverseString(sb,0,n-1);
reverseString(sb,n,len-1);
return sb.reverse().toString();
}
public void reverseString(StringBuilder sb, int start, int end) {
while (start < end) {
char temp = sb.charAt(start);
sb.setCharAt(start, sb.charAt(end));
sb.setCharAt(end, temp);
start++;
end--;
}
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.cn/problems/zuo-xuan-zhuan-zi-fu-chuan-lcof/
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