Django 8.form组件
1.form组件的校验功能
文件formsdemo
models
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)
views
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from django import forms
class UserForm(forms.Form): #创建form组件就是这个类，名字任意叫；定义的规则可以多写（多的忽略那你）不能少写
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
email = forms.EmailField()
tel = forms.CharField #forms组件的键的名字和这些字段的名字要一致
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
#<QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['gEVJ683XmW6CKzXzfYDNGLXPuURgOjka6yYUuxGVBp9n1tV78D2APZ1iktJmXKq8'], 'name': ['kris'], 'pwd': ['123'], 'r_pwd': ['123'], 'email': ['1234@qq.com'], 'tel': ['18271182769']}>
#form = UserForm({"name":"yu", "email":"123@qq.com", "xxx":"alex" }) #类的实例化，可以给它传参,只会给你校验字段里边有的数值，没有的不会校验，有的校验完后就会返回True；form组件的校验规则是有几个就要写几个，多了无所谓不能少写，而且传来的也要符合字段规则。
form = UserForm(request.POST) #只要能传来这样一个字典，字典对应的键和值；键能跟它的字段匹配上，就可以做校验；前端的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致。
print(form.is_valid()) #返回一个布尔值,只会返回 True or False
if form.is_valid(): #都正确
print(form.cleaned_data) #这是全部都是对的键值对{"name":"kris", "email":"123@qq.com"...}
else:
# print(form.cleaned_data) #这是两个字典.这里放正确的{"email":"123@qq.com"}
# print(form.errors) #这里放错误的 {"name":["......."]}（如果name校验错了）
##<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>该用户已注册</li></ul></li><li>pwd<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li><li>r_pwd<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul>
# print(type(form.errors)) #ErrorDict <class 'django.forms.utils.ErrorDict'>
print(form.errors.get("name")) #<ul class="errorlist"><li>该用户已注册</li></ul>
print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) #ErrorDict <class 'django.forms.utils.ErrorList'>
print(form.errors.get("name")[0]) 该用户已注册
'''
if 所有字段校验成功，则
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data:{"name":"kris", "email":"123@qq.com"} 校验都通过之后，所有字段的信息都在这里边。
form.errors
'''
return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request, "reg.html") #这是get请求
reg.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>密码<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p>确认密码<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>
<p>邮箱<input type="text" name="email"></p>
<p>手机号<input type="text" name="tel"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
urls
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('reg/', views.reg),
]
(form组件)定义规则
注意
总结校验字段功能
1、模板层form表单的name=‘属性值’必须与 form组件字段名称一致
2、定义class UserForm(forms.Form)
3、对前段传来的数据进行验证：form=UserForm(request.POST)
4、判断验证是否成功，布尔值form.is_valid()
5、print(form.cleaned_data)# 存放匹配成功的键值对 print(form.errors) # 存放 键：失败的信息
2.渲染标签
reg.html
方式一
views
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django import forms # 导入forms组件
# 定义校验规则
class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=10)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
re_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
email = forms.EmailField()
tel = forms.CharField()
def reg_html(request):
form = UserForm()
return render(request, 'reg_html.html', locals())
reg.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>渲染标签功能1</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名
{{ form.user }}
</p>
<p>密码{{ form.pwd }}</p>
<p>确认密码{{ form.re_pwd}}</p>
<p>电话{{ form.tel }}</p>
<p>邮箱{{ form.email }}</p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body> </html>
可实现相同的功能
方式二
reg.html
<h3>渲染方式2</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
{{ field.label }}
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
</form>
可以自己设置label属性
方式3
<h3>渲染方式3</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit">
</form>
3、显示error与重置输入信息功能
第一个form通过验证已经有一个个的数据了，区别在于它传到reg.html时候，它.name还是input标签，你点提交这个页面没有变；同时它也可以把你传的那个信息给渲染出来作为input标签的value值。
之所以能看到错误信息，是因为我post提交了构建了一个新form页面，在post请求下加了下面这个：
return render(request, "reg.html", locals())
reg.html
<h3>渲染标签方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p> {{ form.user.label }}
{{ form.user }}<span>{{ form.user.errors.0 }}</span> //有错误信息就放，没有就不显示
</p>
<p>{{ form.pwd.label }}{{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p> //这里放错误信息，它自己的errors
<p>{{ form.re_pwd.label }}{{ form.re_pwd}}<span>{{ form.re_pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<p>{{ form.tel.label }}{{ form.tel }}<span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<p>{{ form.email.label }}{{ form.email }}<span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
views.py
class UserForm(forms.Form): #创建form组件就是这个类，名字任意叫；定义的规则可以多写（多的忽略那你）不能少写
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名")
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码")
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码")
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱")
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号")
def reg(request): if request.method=='POST': print(request) print(request.POST) form=UserForm(request.POST)
#只要能传来这样一个字典，字典对应的键和值；键能跟它的字段匹配上，就可以做校验；前端的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致。
#你这个form已经通过验证传一个个数据了；已绑定数据表单对象的form
print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值 通过校验之后的form if form.is_valid(): #如果都正确 经过验证之后的form print(form.cleaned_data) #这是全部都是对的 返回字典 return HttpResponse('ok') else: print(form.cleaned_data)# 存放匹配成功的键值对 print(form.errors) # 存放 键：失败的信息
# 如果if语句中所有字段都校验成功，则form中的form.cleaned_data{}属性保存了所有正确的键值
form.errors放的是所有错误信息列表 return render(request, 'reg.html', locals()) form=UserForm() #未绑定数据表单对象，上边的form是绑定表单对象
#这个form跟上边那个form = UserForm(request.POST) 是不一个form；上边的form即使验证失败了它会给你保留你输入的values值
return render(request, 'reg.html', locals()) #把值传进来进行渲染；get请求
说明：
4、forms组件的参数配置
1）、参数提示参数设置
views.py
from django.forms import widgets
## 定义校验规则
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# min_length最低为4位
user=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='用户名'
,error_messages={'required':'该字段不为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))# 默认lable=User
pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
re_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='确认密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
email=forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
, error_messages={'invalid': '格式错误'})
tel=forms.CharField(label='电话',widget=widgets.NumberInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
def reg(request):
20 if request.method == "POST":
21 print(request.POST)
22
23
24 #form = UserForm({"name":"yu", "email":"123@qq.com"}) #类的实例化，可以给它传参
25 form = UserForm(request.POST) #只要能传来这样一个字典，字典对应的键和值；键能跟它的字段匹配上，就可以做校验；前端的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致。
26 #你这个form已经通过验证传一个个数据了；已绑定数据表单对象
27 print(form.is_valid()) #返回一个布尔值
28 if form.is_valid(): #都正确
29 print(form.cleaned_data) #这是全部都是对的{"name":"alex", email":"123@qq.com"}
30 else:
31 print(form.cleaned_data) #这是两个字典.这里放正确的{"email":"123@qq.com"}
32 # print(form.errors) #这里放错误的 {"name":["......."]}
33 # print(type(form.errors)) #ErrorDict
34
35 # print(form.errors.get("name"))
36 # print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) #ErrorDict
37 # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])
38 return render(request, "reg.html", locals()) #如果校验失败后，它返回这个页面
39 '''
40 if 所有字段校验成功，则form.cleaned_data:{"name":"kris", "email":"123@qq.com"}
41 '''
42
43 #return HttpResponse("OK")
44 form=UserForm #未绑定数据表单对象 #这个form跟上边那个form = UserForm(request.POST) 是不一个form；上边的form即使验证失败了它会给你保留你输入的values值
45 return render(request, "reg.html", locals())
2）、引入bootstrap模块优化界面
reg.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
{# <form action="" method="post">#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}
{# <p>密码<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>#}
{# <p>确认密码<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>#}
{# <p>邮箱<input type="text" name="email"></p>#}
{# <p>手机号<input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}
{# #}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{# </form>#}
<hr>
<h3>forms组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.name.label }}
{{ form.name }}<span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>
{{ form.pwd.label }}
{{ form.pwd }}<span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span> {#这里放错误信息，它自己的errors#}
</p>
<p>
确认密码
{{ form.r_pwd }}<span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>邮箱{{ form.email }}<span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<p>手机号{{ form.tel }}<span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
{# <h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}
{# <form action="" method="post">#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# {% for field in form %}#}
{# <p>#}
{# <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
{# {{ field }}#}
{# </p>#}
{# {% endfor %}#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{# </form>#}
{# #}
{# <h3>forms组件渲染方式3</h3>#}
{# <form action="" method="post"> {# 不灵活，把样式给固定死了#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# {{ form.as_p }}#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{# </form>#}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
5、forms组件的局部钩子
views
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError # 导入验证错误
## 定义校验规则
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# min_length最低为4位
user=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='用户名'
,error_messages={'required':'该字段不为空', 'min_length': '不能少于4个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))# 默认lable=User
pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
re_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='确认密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
email=forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
, error_messages={'invalid': '格式错误'})
tel=forms.CharField(label='电话',widget=widgets.NumberInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
# 局部钩子
def clean_user(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get('user') #拿到上边字段第一次校验的
ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(useranme=val)# 第二次校验（局部校验）数据库中的user
if not ret:
return ret
else:
raise ValidationError('该用户已经注册') # 抛出验证错误
def reg(request):
if request.method=='POST':
print(request)
print(request.POST)
form=UserForm(request.POST)
print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)
return HttpResponse('ok')
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)# 存放匹配成功的键值对
print(form.errors) # 存放 键：失败的信息
return render(request, 'reg.html', locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request, 'reg.html', locals())
提交与数据库姓名重名的结果
在模板层加样式属性，让错误信息显示颜色
<span style="color: red">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
6.全局钩子校验
forms可单独放在一个py文件里边
myforms.py
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS,ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form): #创建form组件就是这个类，名字任意叫；定义的规则可以多写（多的忽略那你）不能少写
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码",
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
def clean_name(self): ##加一个实例方法
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name") #说明它通过上边name字段那层的校验了
ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)
if not ret:
return val #再校验，合格了返回的还是之前的那个val
else:
raise ValidationError("该用户已注册")
def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel") #
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")
def clean(self): #两次密码不一致的信息，是全局错误，没有写在任何字段下面
pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd == r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
else: #如果pwd和r_pwd有一个为空，说明没检验通过
return self.cleaned_data
views
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from app01.myforms import *
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
#form = UserForm({"name":"yu", "email":"123@qq.com"}) #类的实例化，可以给它传参
form = UserForm(request.POST) #只要能传来这样一个字典，字典对应的键和值；键能跟它的字段匹配上，就可以做校验；前端的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致。
#你这个form已经通过验证传一个个数据了；已绑定数据表单对象
print(form.is_valid()) #返回一个布尔值
if form.is_valid(): #都正确；is_valid帮我们做校验的方法
print(form.cleaned_data) #这是全部都是对的{"name":"kris", "email":"123@qq.com"}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #这是两个字典.这里放正确的{"email":"123@qq.com"}
#全局钩子错误
#print('errors', form.errors.get('__all__')[0]) #可以写某个字段 --->> 打印： error 两次密码不一致
errors = form.errors.get('__all__') #有name、email字段错了就写name、email，全局错误就写__all__ ；拿到errors交给模板
return render(request, "reg.html", locals()) #如果校验失败后，它返回这个页面
'''
if 所有字段校验成功，则form.cleaned_data:{"name":"kris", "email":"123@qq.com"}
'''
#return HttpResponse("OK")
form=UserForm() #未绑定数据表单对象 #这个form跟上边那个form = UserForm(request.POST) 是不一个form；上边的form即使验证失败了它会给你保留你输入的values值
return render(request, "reg.html", locals())
reg.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
<hr>
<h3>forms组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.name.label }}
{{ form.name }}<span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>
{{ form.pwd.label }}
{{ form.pwd }}<span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span> {#这里放错误信息，它自己的errors#}
</p>
<p>
确认密码
{{ form.r_pwd }}<span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span> //全局错误信息传到模板里边
</p>
<p>邮箱{{ form.email }}<span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<p>手机号{{ form.tel }}<span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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