VC 编程ANSI环境下读写Unicode文件
没有注意到文件编码的不同会产生这么多的问题，在动手以前查询了很多资料，在本博客中收藏了不少先辈的成果，在这里一并表示致敬！
关于ANSI和Unicode编码的原理在这里也不说了，主要讲下如何读写！
首先确定你的工程是采用的是什么编码环境，默认是ANSI，不同的字符集读写文件的差别也比较大，我这里只在ANSI环境下做的，下一步在探索在Unicode环境下如何读写！（原先这个没搞懂，读了不少代码发现自己试验都是有误的）。
在ANSI的字符集下，CString等都是单字节版本的，所以一定要注意。而多要读取的Unicode文件却是双字节的，这里就要转换了，当然在ANSI字符集下，还是用二进制的方式打开Unicode文件，自己判断是否是换行，在转化成ANSI编码。而在写Unicode的时候，先将所字符转化成Unicode编码再写入，而且在写文件之前一定要加上Unicode文件的标识。
下面是读
CFile mFile(UnicodefilePath,CFile::modeRead);
byte head[2];
mFile.Read(head,2);
if((head[0]==0xff&&head[1]==0xfe)||(head[0]==0xfe&&head[1]==0xff) )
{
//AfxMessageBox(_T("File is Unicode!"));
isUnicode = true;
}
if(isUnicode) mFile.Seek(2,CFile::begin); //0xfffe
wchar_t wch;
wchar_t wstr[300];
CString strvalue ;
hile(mFile.Read((char *)&wch,2)>0)
{
if(wch==0x000D) //by line
{
//chang to ansi
int nLen = i;
char *buf = new char[2*nLen];
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, nLen, buf, 2*nLen, NULL, NULL);
buf[2*nLen-1] = 0; //some assertion failed,这个比较重要，小问题可以折腾人啊
strvalue = buf;
mFile.Seek(2,CFile::current); //跳过行开头符号
i=0;
}
else
{
wstr[i++] = wch;
}
}
//下面是写
CStdioFile transFile;
transFile.Open(strUnicodeSavepath,CFile::modeCreate|CFile::modeWrite|CFile::typeBinary);
WORD wSignature = 0xFEFF;
transFile.Write(&wSignature, 2); //Unicode的文件符号
CHAR *pszAnsi = new TCHAR[strvalue.GetLength()+1];
_tcscpy(pszAnsi, strvalue);
WCHAR * szwBuffer = new WCHAR[strvalue.GetLength()+1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, pszAnsi, -1, szwBuffer, strvalue.GetLength()+1);
//write to files
transFile.Write(szwBuffer, lstrlenW(szwBuffer) * sizeof(WCHAR));
当然你可以把你的工程设置成Unicode的字符集，这个时候在Unicode的工程下读取ANSI文件又是一个烦人的事情，讲文件读到CString中的时候，每个单字节的ANSI被转成了双字节，需要自己来处理，后面我再探索探索再来记录。
本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/Augusdi/archive/2009/10/15/4677528.aspx
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将CStdioFile类扩展,读取UNICODE文本文件
最近因为要读取SQL脚本文件，用CStdioFile来读取脚本文件，却在程序调试时读取不了文件。
后来看了一下文本文件格式，竟然是UNICODE格式的，原来在导出ＳＱＬ脚本的时候，选项默认的是UNICODE格式。为了同时支持ANSI和UNICODE两种格式，在Codeproject站点上找到了CStdioFileEx类的代码，但在调试运行过程中发现，在生成UNICODE版本的执行文件时，运行没有错误，但在非UNICODE版本中却出现错误，原来在代码中此部分没有考虑文件读到末尾的情况，经修改，CStdioFileEx类就可以正常使用了，在读取文本文件时，自动识别ANSI和UNICODE两种格式。
实现头文件如下：
#define nUNICODE_BOM 0xFEFF // Unicode "byte order mark" which goes at start of file
#define sNEWLINE _T("\r\n") // New line characters
#define sDEFAULT_UNICODE_FILLER_CHAR "#" // Filler char used when no conversion from Unicode to local code page is possible
class CStdioFileEx: public CStdioFile
{
public:
CStdioFileEx();
CStdioFileEx( LPCTSTR lpszFileName, UINT nOpenFlags );
virtual BOOL Open( LPCTSTR lpszFileName, UINT nOpenFlags, CFileException* pError = NULL );
virtual BOOL ReadString(CString& rString);
virtual void WriteString( LPCTSTR lpsz );
bool IsFileUnicodeText() { return m_bIsUnicodeText; }
unsigned long GetCharCount();
// Additional flag to allow Unicode text writing
static const UINT modeWriteUnicode;
// static utility functions
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::GetUnicodeStringFromMultiByteString()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: bool
// Parameters: char * szMultiByteString (IN) Multi-byte input string
// wchar_t* szUnicodeString (OUT) Unicode output string
// short nUnicodeBufferSize (IN) Size of Unicode output buffer
// UINT nCodePage (IN) Code page used to perform conversion
// Default = -1 (Get local code page).
//
// Purpose: Gets a Unicode string from a MultiByte string.
// Notes: None.
// Exceptions: None.
//
static bool GetUnicodeStringFromMultiByteString(char * szMultiByteString,wchar_t* szUnicodeString,
short nUnicodeBufferSize,UINT nCodePage=-1);
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: BOOL
// Parameters: wchar_t * szUnicodeString (IN) Unicode input string
// char* szMultiByteString (OUT) Multibyte output string
// short nMultiByteBufferSize (IN) Multibyte buffer size
// UINT nCodePage (IN) Code page used to perform conversion
// Default = -1 (Get local code page).
//
// Purpose: Gets a MultiByte string from a Unicode string.
// Notes: .
// Exceptions: None.
//
static BOOL GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString(wchar_t * szUnicodeString,char* szMultiByteString,
short nMultiByteBufferSize,UINT nCodePage=-1);
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::IsFileUnicode()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: bool
// Parameters: const CString& sFilePath
//
// Purpose: Determines whether a file is Unicode by reading the first character and detecting
// whether it's the Unicode byte marker.
// Notes: None.
// Exceptions: None.
//
static bool IsFileUnicode(const CString& sFilePath);
protected:
UINT ProcessFlags(const CString& sFilePath, UINT& nOpenFlags);
bool m_bIsUnicodeText;
UINT m_nFlags;
};
实现文件如下：
/*static*/ const UINT CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode = 0x20000; // Add this flag to write in Unicode
CStdioFileEx::CStdioFileEx(): CStdioFile()
{
m_bIsUnicodeText = false;
}
CStdioFileEx::CStdioFileEx(LPCTSTR lpszFileName,UINT nOpenFlags)
:CStdioFile(lpszFileName, ProcessFlags(lpszFileName, nOpenFlags))
{
}
BOOL CStdioFileEx::Open(LPCTSTR lpszFileName,UINT nOpenFlags,CFileException* pError /*=NULL*/)
{
// Process any Unicode stuff
ProcessFlags(lpszFileName, nOpenFlags);
return CStdioFile::Open(lpszFileName, nOpenFlags, pError);
}
BOOL CStdioFileEx::ReadString(CString& rString)
{
const int nMAX_LINE_CHARS = 4096;
BOOL bReadData;
LPTSTR lpsz;
int nLen = 0; //, nMultiByteBufferLength = 0, nChars = 0;
CString sTemp;
wchar_t* pszUnicodeString = NULL;
char * pszMultiByteString= NULL;
// If at position 0, discard byte-order mark before reading
if (!m_pStream || (GetPosition() == 0 && m_bIsUnicodeText))
{
wchar_t cDummy;
// Read(&cDummy, sizeof(_TCHAR));
Read(&cDummy, sizeof(wchar_t));
}
// If compiled for Unicode
#ifdef _UNICODE
// Do standard stuff -- both ANSI and Unicode cases seem to work OK
bReadData = CStdioFile::ReadString(rString);
#else
if (!m_bIsUnicodeText)
{
// Do standard stuff -- read ANSI in ANSI
bReadData = CStdioFile::ReadString(rString);
}
else
{
pszUnicodeString = new wchar_t[nMAX_LINE_CHARS];
pszMultiByteString= new char[nMAX_LINE_CHARS];
// Read as Unicode, convert to ANSI
if(fgetws(pszUnicodeString, nMAX_LINE_CHARS, m_pStream)==NULL)
{
bReadData=FALSE;
}
else
{
bReadData=TRUE;
if (GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString(pszUnicodeString, pszMultiByteString, nMAX_LINE_CHARS))
{
rString = (CString)pszMultiByteString;
}
if (pszUnicodeString)
{
delete pszUnicodeString;
}
if (pszMultiByteString)
{
delete pszMultiByteString;
}
}
}
#endif
// Then remove end-of-line character if in Unicode text mode
if (bReadData)
{
// Copied from FileTxt.cpp but adapted to Unicode and then adapted for end-of-line being just '\r'.
nLen = rString.GetLength();
if (nLen > 1 && rString.Mid(nLen-2) == sNEWLINE)
{
rString.GetBufferSetLength(nLen-2);
}
else
{
lpsz = rString.GetBuffer(0);
if (nLen != 0 && (lpsz[nLen-1] == _T('\r') || lpsz[nLen-1] == _T('\n')))
{
rString.GetBufferSetLength(nLen-1);
}
}
}
return bReadData;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::WriteString()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: void
// Parameters: LPCTSTR lpsz
//
// Purpose: Writes string to file either in Unicode or multibyte, depending on whether the caller specified the
// CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode flag. Override of base class function.
// Notes: If writing in Unicode we need to:
// a) Write the Byte-order-mark at the beginning of the file
// b) Write all strings in byte-mode
// - If we were compiled in Unicode, we need to convert Unicode to multibyte if
// we want to write in multibyte
// - If we were compiled in multi-byte, we need to convert multibyte to Unicode if
// we want to write in Unicode.
// Exceptions: None.
//
void CStdioFileEx::WriteString(LPCTSTR lpsz)
{
// If writing Unicode and at the start of the file, need to write byte mark
if (m_nFlags & CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode)
{
// If at position 0, write byte-order mark before writing anything else
if (!m_pStream || GetPosition() == 0)
{
wchar_t cBOM = (wchar_t)nUNICODE_BOM;
CFile::Write(&cBOM, sizeof(wchar_t));
}
}
// If compiled in Unicode...
#ifdef _UNICODE
// If writing Unicode, no conversion needed
if (m_nFlags & CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode)
{
// Write in byte mode
CFile::Write(lpsz, lstrlen(lpsz) * sizeof(wchar_t));
}
// Else if we don't want to write Unicode, need to convert
else
{
int nChars = lstrlen(lpsz) + 1; // Why plus 1? Because yes
int nBufferSize = nChars * sizeof(char);
wchar_t* pszUnicodeString = new wchar_t[nChars];
char * pszMultiByteString= new char[nChars];
// Copy string to Unicode buffer
lstrcpy(pszUnicodeString, lpsz);
// Get multibyte string
if (GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString(pszUnicodeString, pszMultiByteString, nBufferSize, GetACP()))
{
// Do standard write
CFile::Write((const void*)pszMultiByteString, lstrlen(lpsz));
}
if (pszUnicodeString && pszMultiByteString)
{
delete [] pszUnicodeString;
delete [] pszMultiByteString;
}
}
// Else if *not* compiled in Unicode
#else
// If writing Unicode, need to convert
if (m_nFlags & CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode)
{
int nChars = lstrlen(lpsz) + 1; // Why plus 1? Because yes
int nBufferSize = nChars * sizeof(wchar_t);
wchar_t* pszUnicodeString = new wchar_t[nChars];
char * pszMultiByteString= new char[nChars];
// Copy string to multibyte buffer
lstrcpy(pszMultiByteString, lpsz);
if (GetUnicodeStringFromMultiByteString(pszMultiByteString, pszUnicodeString, nBufferSize, GetACP()))
{
// Write in byte mode
CFile::Write(pszUnicodeString, lstrlen(lpsz) * sizeof(wchar_t));
}
else
{
ASSERT(false);
}
if (pszUnicodeString && pszMultiByteString)
{
delete [] pszUnicodeString;
delete [] pszMultiByteString;
}
}
// Else if we don't want to write Unicode, no conversion needed
else
{
// Do standard stuff
CStdioFile::WriteString(lpsz);
}
#endif
}
UINT CStdioFileEx::ProcessFlags(const CString& sFilePath, UINT& nOpenFlags)
{
m_bIsUnicodeText = false;
// If we have writeUnicode we must have write or writeRead as well
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (nOpenFlags & CStdioFileEx::modeWriteUnicode)
{
ASSERT(nOpenFlags & CFile::modeWrite || nOpenFlags & CFile::modeReadWrite);
}
#endif
// If reading in text mode and not creating...
if (nOpenFlags & CFile::typeText && !(m_nFlags & CFile::modeCreate) && !(m_nFlags & CFile::modeWrite ))
{
m_bIsUnicodeText = IsFileUnicode(sFilePath);
// If it's Unicode, switch to binary mode
if (m_bIsUnicodeText)
{
nOpenFlags ^= CFile::typeText;
nOpenFlags |= CFile::typeBinary;
}
}
m_nFlags = nOpenFlags;
return nOpenFlags;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::IsFileUnicode()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: bool
// Parameters: const CString& sFilePath
//
// Purpose: Determines whether a file is Unicode by reading the first character and detecting
// whether it's the Unicode byte marker.
// Notes: None.
// Exceptions: None.
//
/*static*/ bool CStdioFileEx::IsFileUnicode(const CString& sFilePath)
{
CFile file;
bool bIsUnicode = false;
wchar_t cFirstChar;
CFileException exFile;
// Open file in binary mode and read first character
if (file.Open(sFilePath, CFile::typeBinary | CFile::modeRead, &exFile))
{
// If byte is Unicode byte-order marker, let's say it's Unicode
if (file.Read(&cFirstChar, sizeof(wchar_t)) > 0 && cFirstChar == (wchar_t)nUNICODE_BOM)
{
bIsUnicode = true;
}
file.Close();
}
else
{
// Handle error here if you like
}
return bIsUnicode;
}
unsigned long CStdioFileEx::GetCharCount()
{
int nCharSize;
unsigned long nByteCount, nCharCount = 0;
if (m_pStream)
{
// Get size of chars in file
nCharSize = m_bIsUnicodeText ? sizeof(wchar_t): sizeof(char);
// If Unicode, remove byte order mark from count
nByteCount = (unsigned long)GetLength();
if (m_bIsUnicodeText)
{
nByteCount = nByteCount - sizeof(wchar_t);
}
// Calc chars
nCharCount = (nByteCount / nCharSize);
}
return nCharCount;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::GetUnicodeStringFromMultiByteString()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: bool
// Parameters: char * szMultiByteString (IN) Multi-byte input string
// wchar_t* szUnicodeString (OUT) Unicode outputstring
// short nUnicodeBufferSize (IN) Size of Unicode output buffer
// UINT nCodePage (IN) Code page used to perform conversion
// Default = -1 (Get local code page).
//
// Purpose: Gets a Unicode string from a MultiByte string.
// Notes: None.
// Exceptions: None.
//
bool CStdioFileEx::GetUnicodeStringFromMultiByteString(char * szMultiByteString, wchar_t* szUnicodeString, short nUnicodeBufferSize, UINT nCodePage)
{
bool bOK = true;
int nReturn = 0;
CString sErrorMsg;
if (szUnicodeString && szMultiByteString)
{
// If no code page specified, take default for system
if (nCodePage == -1)
{
nCodePage = GetACP();
}
try
{
nReturn = MultiByteToWideChar(nCodePage,MB_PRECOMPOSED,szMultiByteString,-1,szUnicodeString,nUnicodeBufferSize);
if (nReturn == 0)
{
bOK = false;
}
}
catch(...)
{
bOK = false;
}
}
else
{
bOK = false;
}
ASSERT(bOK);
return bOK;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// CStdioFileEx::GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString()
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns: BOOL
// Parameters: wchar_t * szUnicodeString (IN) Unicode input string
// char* szMultiByteString (OUT) Multibyte output string
// short nMultiByteBufferSize (IN) Multibyte buffer size
// UINT nCodePage (IN) Code page used to perform conversion
// Default = -1 (Get local code page).
//
// Purpose: Gets a MultiByte string from a Unicode string
// Notes: None.
// Exceptions: None.
//
BOOL CStdioFileEx::GetMultiByteStringFromUnicodeString(wchar_t * szUnicodeString, char* szMultiByteString,
short nMultiByteBufferSize, UINT nCodePage)
{
BOOL bUsedDefChar = FALSE;
BOOL bGotIt = FALSE;
if (szUnicodeString && szMultiByteString)
{
// If no code page specified, take default for system
if (nCodePage == -1)
{
nCodePage = GetACP();
}
try
{
bGotIt = WideCharToMultiByte(nCodePage, WC_COMPOSITECHECK | WC_SEPCHARS,
szUnicodeString,-1, szMultiByteString, nMultiByteBufferSize, sDEFAULT_UNICODE_FILLER_CHAR, &bUsedDefChar);
}
catch(...)
{
TRACE(_T("Controlled exception in WideCharToMultiByte!\n"));
}
}
return bGotIt;
}
本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/Augusdi/archive/2009/10/15/4677520.aspx
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