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ansible基础元素

一.模块安装

#服务端

yum install ansible

#客户端

yum install -y libselinux-python (被监控的机器可安装)

 

 

二. 常用模块

command

  不指定模块默认command模块

  #chdir---在执行这个命令前,先切换目录  

  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.31 -m command -a "chdir=/etc/  pwd"
  172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  /etc

  #creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行
  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "creates=/etc/rsyncd.conf hostname"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  skipped, since /etc/rsyncd.conf exists

  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "creates=/etc/rsyncd.123456 hostname"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  backup

  #参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行
  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "removes=/etc/rsyncd.conf hostname"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  backup

  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "removes=/etc/rsyncd.1212213123 hostname"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  skipped, since /etc/rsyncd.1212213123 does not exist

  #参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息
  ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "ls"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  anaconda-ks.cfg
  dead.letter

 

shell模块(万能模块)
  参数:chdir---在执行这个命令前,先切换目录
  参数:creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行
  参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行
  参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息

  [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m shell -a "ls;pwd"
  172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
  anaconda-ks.cfg

 


  说明:shell模块可以满足command模块所有功能,并且可以支持识别特殊字符信息 < > | ;

script---专门运行脚本模块
  参数:chdir---在执行莫个命令前,先切换目录
  参数:creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行
  参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行
  参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息

 

 

文件类型模块:
copy----复制模块
  参数:backup---对数据信息进行备份

[root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"backup_file": "/tmp/file01.txt.71887.2018-04-02@23:33:19~", 
"changed": true, 
"checksum": "029b054db136cc36d5605e3818305825ff4b8ffb", 
"dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", 
"gid": 0, 
"group": "root", 
"md5sum": "434660b5ad7deeba8815349f71409405", 
"mode": "0644", 
"owner": "root", 
"size": 6, 
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1522683197.05-52744169892601/source", 
"state": "file", 
"uid": 0
}

 

  #参数:src---定义要推送数据信息
  #参数:dest---定义将数据推送到远程主机什么目录中
[root@m01 ansible]# touch /tmp/file01.txt
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true, 
"checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
"dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", 
"gid": 0, 
"group": "root", 
"md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", 
"mode": "0644", 
"owner": "root", 
"size": 0, 
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1522682948.27-60532389065095/source", 
"state": "file", 
"uid": 0
}
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 2 23:29 file01.txt

 

file----文件属性修改/目录创建/文件创建
  参数:owner---设置复制后的文件属主权限
  参数:group---设置复制后的文件属组权限
  参数:mode---设置复制后的文件权限(600 755)
  

ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/file01.txt owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=600"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true, 
"gid": 500, 
"group": "oldboy", 
"mode": "0600", 
"owner": "oldboy", 
"path": "/tmp/file01.txt", 
"size": 6, 
"state": "file", 
"uid": 500
}

参数:state---用于指定创建目录或文件
创建文件
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/file01.txt state=touch"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true, 
"dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", 
"gid": 0, 
"group": "root", 
"mode": "0644", 
"owner": "root", 
"size": 0, 
"state": "file", 
"uid": 0
}

创建目录:
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/dir01 state=directory"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true, 
"gid": 0, 
"group": "root", 
"mode": "0755", 
"owner": "root", 
"path": "/tmp/dir01", 
"size": 4096, 
"state": "directory", 
"uid": 0
}

 

 

包管理模块类型
yum---安装软件包模块

#name:执行要安装软件的名称,以及软件的版本
#state:installed安装 absent(卸载)
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=installed"
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=absent"

list:指定软件名称,查看软件是否可以安装,以及是否已经安装过了
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "list=iftop"

 

 

系统模块类型
service---管理服务状态模块
  name: 指定要管理的服务名称(管理的服务一定在chkconfig中可以看到)
  state:stopped started restarted reloaded
  enabled:yes表示服务开机自启动 no表示服务开机不要自动启动

ansible 172.16.1.41 -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

 

cron---定时任务模块

* * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null

minute=0-59 * */n , - hour day month weekday job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'

 

添加定时任务

ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'"
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy02 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'"

 

删除定时任务

ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy02 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' state=absent"
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 state=absent"

 

注释定时任务

ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' disabled=yes"
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' disabled=no"

 

day
hour
minute
month
weekday
name:任务名
special_time :指定什么时候执行
state:确认任务计划是创建还是删除   absent删除
user  哪个用户

 

 

总结ansible颜色信息:
绿色:查看远程主机信息,不会对远程主机系统做任何修改
红色:执行操作出现异常错误
黄色:对远程主机系统进行修改操作
粉色:警告或者忠告信息

 

[root@m01 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/h test -m ping
10.0.0.5 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}

 

ansible_ssh_user #指定用户
ansible_ssh_pass #指定密码
ansible_ssh_port #指定端口号

  

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 
[test]
lb1 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.5 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22

[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m ping
lb1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}


[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 
[lb]
lb1 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.5 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22
lb2 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.6 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22
[web]
web1 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22
web2 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22
web3 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb:web -m ping
lb1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}
web2 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}
web1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}
web3 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}
lb2 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false, 
"ping": "pong"
}

 


ansible <host-pattern> [options]
  -v                  #输出详细信息, -vvv 可得到执行过程所有信息
  -i PATH, --inventory=PATH   #指定inventory信息 默认/etc/ansible/hosts
  -f NUM, --forks=NUM      # 并发线程数, 默认5个线程
  --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE # 指定秘钥文件
  -m NAME, --module-name=NAME #指定执行使用的模块
  -M DIRECTORY         #指定模块存路径,默认/usr/share/absible
  -a 'ARGUMENTS', --args='ARGUMENTS' #模块参数
  -k, --ask-pass SSH        # 认证密码
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass sudo   #用户的密码(--sudo时使用)
  -o, --one-line          #标准输出至一行
  -s, --sudo            #相对于linuxsudo
  -t DIRECTORY          #输出信息至DIRECTORY目录下, 结果文件以远程主机名命名
  -T SECONDS, --timeout=SECONDS #指定连接远程主机的最大超时, 单位是秒
  -B NUM             #后台执行命令 超NUM秒后中止正在执行的任务
  -P NUM, --poll=NUM     # 定期返回后台任务进度
  -u USERNAME, --user=USERNAME #指定远程主机以USERNAME运行命令
  -U SUDO_USERNAME      # 使用sudo ,相当于linux下的sudo命令
  -c CONNECTION        #指定连接方式
  -l SUBSET            # 指定运行主机
  -l~REGEX            # 指定运行主机正则
  --list-hosts          # 列出符合条件的主机列表 不执行任何命令

# 检查lb 组所有的主机是否存活

ansible lb -f 2 -m ping

ansible lb -f 2 -m ping -vvv

 


#列出lb组所有主机列表

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb --list 
hosts (2):
lb1
lb2
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb --list-hosts
hosts (2):
lb1
lb2

 

ansible lb -a "df "
ansible lb -m command -a "df "

 

-f #并发数是cpu的偶数倍 2核 10个线程

#安装

ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=present"
ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=installed"

 

#安装最新版

ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=latest"

 

#卸载

ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=absent"
ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=removed"

 

- state
 Whether to install (`present' or `installed', `latest'), or remove
 (`absent' or `removed') a package.
 `present' and `installed' will simply ensure that a desired package is
 installed.
 `latest' will update the specified package if it's not of the latest
 available version.
 `absent' and `removed' will remove the specified package.
 (Choices: absent, installed, latest, present, removed)[Default: present]

  

 

#查看系统版本号

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m command -a 'lsb_release -a'
lb2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
LSB Version::base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID:CentOS
Description:CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Release:    6.5
Codename:Final

 

#安装 nginx

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m yum -a "name=nginx state=present"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m shell -a "chkconfig --list nginx"
lb2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx 0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off

 

#启动nginx 并设置为开机启动

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m service -a "name=nginx state=started enabled=yes"
lb1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true, 
"enabled": true, 
"name": "nginx", 
"state": "started"
}

[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/nginx status"
lb1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx (pid 30057) is running...

 

#检查是否开机自启动

 [root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -a "chkconfig --list nginx"
 lb1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
 nginx 0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

 

posted on 2018-12-07 21:23  augustyang  阅读(253)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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