python基础(一)

Python基础知识

一 、注释

1.1单行注释(用#表示)

# 单行注释,这里就是一行注释

1.2多行注释(用三个引号)

 """ 
 多行字符串可以用三个引号包裹,单引号和双引号都可以
 这里就是多行注释
  再来一行
"""

二、数据类型

2.1.数据类型:

不可变的数据类型:
number:int,float,complex
bool: True,False
str: 字符串
tuple: 元组
None: 空值

可变数据类型:
list:列表
dict:字典
set:集合

2.2基本操作

①字符串:

定义字符串:
s = “hello”

  • 基本操作:

拼接:+

a = "hello"
b = "world"
print(a+b) 

切片:[:]

b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])

字符串长度

b = "Hello, World"
print(len(b))

strip() 方法删除开头和结尾的空白字符

a = " Hello, World! "
print(a.strip()) # returns "Hello, World!"

lower() 返回小写的字符串:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.lower())

upper() 方法返回大写的字符串:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.upper())

split() 方法在找到分隔符的实例时将字符串拆分为子字符串:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.split(",")) # returns ['Hello', ' World!']

使用 format() 方法格式化输出:

quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49.95
myorder = "I want {} pieces of item {} for {} dollars."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))

②列表

创建列表

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist)

遍历列表

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in thislist:
  print(x)

列表长度

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(len(thislist))

使用 append() 方法追加项目

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)

在指定的索引处添加项目,使用 insert() 方法

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.insert(1, "orange")
print(thislist)

删除项目

- remove()方法,删除指定的项目
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)
- pop()方法,删除指定的索引(如果未指定索引,则删除最后一项)
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.pop()
print(thislist)

sorted()对列表进行排序

L = [8,2,50,3]
print(sorted(L))

③字典

创建并打印字典:

thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
print(thisdict)

遍历字典

逐个打印字典中的所有键名:
for x in thisdict:
  print(x)
  
逐个打印字典中的所有值:
for x in thisdict:
  print(thisdict[x])
  
使用 values() 函数返回字典的值:
for x in thisdict.values():
  print(x)
  
使用 items() 函数遍历键和值:
for x, y in thisdict.items():
  print(x, y)

添加项目:

thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
thisdict["color"] = "red"
print(thisdict)

删除项目:

pop() 方法删除具有指定键名的项:
thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)

del 关键字也可以完全删除字典:
thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
del thisdict

print(thisdict) #this 会导致错误,因为 "thisdict" 不再存在。

复制字典

copy()方法:
thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
mydict = thisdict.copy()
print(mydict)

使用 dict() 方法创建字典的副本:
thisdict =	{
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
mydict = dict(thisdict)
print(mydict)
posted @ 2022-08-14 15:25  米德8760  阅读(29)  评论(0)    收藏  举报