mongodb 修改器($inc/$set/$unset/$push/$pop/upsert)
对于文档的更新除替换外,针对某个或多个文档只需要部分更新可使用原子的更新修改器,能够高效的进行文档更新。更新修改器是中特殊的键,
 用来指定复杂的操作,比如增加、删除或者调整键,还可能是操作数组或者内嵌文档。
1.$inc
这个修改器干什么使的呢?看看下面示例的具体操作后的结果即可知道。
 示例文档:{"uid":"201203","type":"1",size:10}
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | > db.b.insert({"uid":"201203","type":"1",size:10})> db.b.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid": "201203", "type": "1","size": 10 }> db.b.update({"uid": "201203"},{"$inc":{"size": 1}})> db.b.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid": "201203", "type": "1","size": 11 }> db.b.update({"uid": "201203"},{"$inc":{"size": 2}})> db.b.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid": "201203", "type": "1","size": 13 }> db.b.update({"uid": "201203"},{"$inc":{"size": -1}})> db.b.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid": "201203", "type": "1","size": 12 } | 
得出结论:修改器$inc可以对文档的某个值为数字型(只能为满足要求的数字)的键进行增减的操作。
 (这里有个问题:上篇中说到更新默认只对满足条件的记录集中第一个文档进行更新,那么使用$inc修改器之后,还是一样吗?)
2.$set
用来指定一个键并更新键值,若键不存在并创建。来看看下面的效果:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | > db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){ "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc": "hello world2!", "num": 40, "sname": "jk", "type": "3", "uid": "20120002"}--size键不存在的场合> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$set":{"size":10}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){ "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc": "hello world2!", "num": 40, "size": 10, "sname": "jk", "type": "3", "uid": "20120002"}--sname键存在的场合> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$set":{"sname":"ssk"}})> db.a.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc": "hello world2!", "num": 40, "size": 10, "sname": "ssk", "type": "3", "uid": "20120002"}{ "_id": ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc": "hello world1!", "num": 50, "sname": "jk", "type": "1", "uid": "20120002"}--可改变键的值类型> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$set":{"sname":["Java",".net","c++"]}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){  "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),  "desc": "hello world2!",  "num": 40,  "size": 10,  "sname": [    "java",    ".net",    "c++"  ],  "type": "3",  "uid": "20120002"} | 
对于内嵌的文档,$set又是如何进行更新的内嵌的文档的呢,请看下面的示例:
 示例文档:{"name":"toyota","type":"suv","size":{"height":10,"width":5,"length":15}}
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | > db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"}){  "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),  "name": "toyota",  "type": "suv",  "size": {    "height": 10,    "width": 5,    "length": 15  }}> db.c.update({"name":"toyota"},{"$set":{"size.height":8}})> db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"}){  "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),  "name": "toyota",  "type": "suv",  "size": {    "height": 8,    "width": 5,    "length": 15  }}> db.c.update({"name":"toyota"},{"$set":{"size.width":7}})> db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"}){  "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),  "name": "toyota",  "type": "suv",  "size": {    "height": 8,    "width": 7,    "length": 15  }} | 
可见:对于内嵌文档在使用$set更新时,使用"."连接的方式。
3.$unset
从字面就可以看出其意义,主要是用来删除键。
 示例操作效果如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | > db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$unset":{"sname":1}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){  "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),  "desc": "hello world2!",  "num": 40,  "size": 10,  "type": "3",  "uid": "20120002"}> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$unset":{"num":0}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){  "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),  "desc": "hello world2!",  "size": 10,  "type": "3",  "uid": "20120002"}> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$unset":{"size":-1}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){  "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),  "desc": "hello world2!",  "type": "3",  "uid": "20120002"}> db.a.update({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"},{"$unset":{"desc":"sssssss"}})> db.a.findOne({"uid": "20120002","type": "3"}){  "_id": ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),  "type": "3",  "uid": "20120002"} | 
得出结论:使用修改器$unset时,不论对目标键使用1、0、-1或者具体的字符串等都是可以删除该目标键。
4.数组修改器--$push
示例操作效果如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | > db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "type": "suv","size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 } }--先push一个当前文档中不存在的键title> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t1"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1"], "type": "suv"} --再向title中push一个值> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2"], "type": "suv"}--再向title中push一个值> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t2"], "type": "suv"}--再向一个已经存在的键值非数组类型的键push一个值> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$push:{"size.height":10}})Cannot apply $push/$pushAll modifier tonon-array> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$push:{"name":"ddddddd"}})Cannot apply $push/$pushAll modifier tonon-array | 
得出结论:$push--向文档的某个数组类型的键添加一个数组元素,不过滤重复的数据。添加时键存在,要求键值类型必须是数组;键不存在,则创建数组类型的键。
5.数组修改器--$ne/$addToSet
主要给数组类型键值添加一个元素时,避免在数组中产生重复数据,$ne在有些情况是不通行的。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | > db.c.update({"title": {$ne:"t2"}},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t2"], "type": "suv"}> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$addToSet:{"title":"t2"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t2"], "type": "suv"} | 
6.数组修改器--$pop、$pull
$pop从数组的头或者尾删除数组中的元素,示例如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | { "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t3", "t4"],"type": "suv"}--从数组的尾部删除 1> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":1}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t3"], "type": "suv"}--从数组的头部 -1> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":-1}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t2", "t3"], "type": "suv"}--从数组的尾部删除 0> db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":0}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t2"], "type": "suv"} $pull从数组中删除满足条件的元素,示例如下:{ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t2", "t2", "t3"],"type": "suv"} > db.c.update({"name": "toyota"},{$pull:{"title":"t2"}})> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name": "toyota", "size": { "height": 8, "width": 7, "length": 15 }, "title": [ "t1", "t3"], "type": "suv"} | 
7.数组的定位修改器
在需要对数组中的值进行操作的时候,可通过位置或者定位操作符("$").数组是0开始的,可以直接将下标作为键来选择元素。
 示例如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | {"uid":"001",comments:[{"name":"t1","size":10},{"name":"t2","size":12}]}> db.c.find({"uid":"001"}){ "_id": ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid": "001", "comments": [ {"name": "t1", "size": 10 }, { "name": "t2", "size": 12 } ] }> db.c.update({"uid":"001"},{$inc:{"comments.0.size":1}})> db.c.find({"uid":"001"}){ "_id": ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid": "001", "comments": [ {"name": "t1", "size": 11 }, { "name": "t2", "size": 12 } ] }> db.c.update({"comments.name":"t1"},{$set:{"comments.$.size":1}})> db.c.find({"uid":"001"}){ "_id": ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid": "001", "comments": [ {"name": "t1", "size": 1 }, { "name": "t2", "size": 12 } ] }--若为多个文档满足条件,则只更新第一个文档。 | 
8.upsert
upsert是一种特殊的更新。当没有符合条件的文档,就以这个条件和更新文档为基础创建一个新的文档,如果找到匹配的文档就正常的更新。
 使用upsert,既可以避免竞态问题,也可以减少代码量(update的第三个参数就表示这个upsert,参数为true时)
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | > db.c.remove()> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}})> db.c.find()> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}},false)> db.c.find()> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}},true)> db.c.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("5003ded6c28f67507a6df1de"), "size": 14 } | 
9.save函数
1.可以在文档不存在的时候插入,存在的时候更新,只有一个参数文档。
2.要是文档含有"_id",会调用upsert。否则,会调用插入。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | > db.a.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc": "hello world1!", "num": 50, "sname": "jk", "type": "1", "uid": "20120002"}> var o = db.a.findOne()> o.num = 5555> db.a.save(o)> db.a.find(){ "_id": ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc": "hello world1!", "num": 55, "sname": "jk", "type": "1", "uid": "20120002"} | 
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/mcpang/article/details/7752736
 
                    
                
 
                
            
         浙公网安备 33010602011771号
浙公网安备 33010602011771号