单例模式

1.

var Singleton = (function () {
    var instantiated;
    function init() {
        /*这里定义单例代码*/
        return {
            publicMethod: function () {
                console.log('hello world');
            },
            publicProperty: 'test'
        };
    }

    return {
        getInstance: function () {
            if (!instantiated) {
                instantiated = init();
            }
            return instantiated;
        }
    };
})();

/*调用公有的方法来获取实例:*/
Singleton.getInstance().publicMethod();

2.

function Universe() {

    // 判断是否存在实例
    if (typeof Universe.instance === 'object') {
        return Universe.instance;
    }

    // 其它内容
    this.start_time = 0;
    this.bang = "Big";

    // 缓存
    Universe.instance = this;

    // 隐式返回this
}

3.

function Universe() {

    // 缓存的实例
    var instance = this;

    // 其它内容
    this.start_time = 0;
    this.bang = "Big";

    // 重写构造函数
    Universe = function () {
        return instance;
    };
}

4.

function Universe() {

    // 缓存实例
    var instance;

    // 重新构造函数
    Universe = function Universe() {
        return instance;
    };

    // 后期处理原型属性
    Universe.prototype = this;

    // 实例
    instance = new Universe();

    // 重设构造函数指针
    instance.constructor = Universe;

    // 其它功能
    instance.start_time = 0;
    instance.bang = "Big";

    return instance;
}

5.

var Universe;

(function () {

    var instance;

    Universe = function Universe() {

        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }

        instance = this;

        // 其它内容
        this.start_time = 0;
        this.bang = "Big";
    };
} ());