// 面试题3(二):不修改数组找出重复的数字
// 题目:在一个长度为n+1的数组里的所有数字都在1到n的范围内,所以数组中至
// 少有一个数字是重复的。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字,但不能修改输入的
// 数组。例如,如果输入长度为8的数组{2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7},那么对应的
// 输出是重复的数字2或者3。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int counter(const int*, int, int, int);
int getDuplication(const int* numbers, int length)
{
//鲁棒性检测 1.长度为0或者空指针 2.数组范围[1, n]
if (numbers == nullptr || length <= 0)
return -1;
for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
if (numbers[i] < 1 || numbers[i] > length)
return -1;
}
//主要思路:无重复数组[1, n]范围内,存在n个数, 通过二分法确定重复区间。
int start = 1;
int end = length;
while (start <= end)
{
int middle = ((end - start) >> 1) + start;
int count = counter(numbers, length, start, middle); //查找左部
if (start == end) //二分结束
{
if (count > 1)
return start;
else
break;
}
if (count > (middle - start + 1)) //左区间数组多于范围
end = middle;
else //否则去右区间
start = middle + 1;
}
return -1;
}
int counter(const int* numbers, int length, int start, int end)
{
int count = 0;
if (numbers == nullptr || start > end || start < 0)
return count;
for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
if (numbers[i] >= start && numbers[i] <= end)
++count;
}
return count;
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void test(const char* testName, int* numbers, int length, int* duplications, int dupLength)
{
int result = getDuplication(numbers, length);
for (int i = 0; i < dupLength; ++i)
{
if (result == duplications[i])
{
std::cout << testName << " passed." << std::endl;
return;
}
}
std::cout << testName << " FAILED." << std::endl;
}
// 多个重复的数字
void test1()
{
int numbers[] = { 2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 2, 3 };
test("test1", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 一个重复的数字
void test2()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 4 };
test("test2", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字
void test3()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test3", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字
void test4()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 2, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 8 };
test("test4", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 数组中只有两个数字
void test5()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 1 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test5", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字位于数组当中
void test6()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 3 };
test("test6", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 多个重复的数字
void test7()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6 };
int duplications[] = { 2, 6 };
test("test7", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 一个数字重复三次
void test8()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 2 };
int duplications[] = { 2 };
test("test8", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 没有重复的数字
void test9()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 3 };
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test9", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 无效的输入
void test10()
{
int* numbers = nullptr;
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test10", numbers, 0, duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
void main()
{
test1();
test2();
test3();
test4();
test5();
test6();
test7();
test8();
test9();
test10();
}