用Windows Native API枚举所有句柄及查找文件句柄对应文件名的方法
枚举所有句柄的方法
由于windows并没有给出枚举所有句柄所用到的API，和进程所拥有的句柄相关的只有GetProcessHandleCount这个函数，然而这个函数只能获取到和进程相关的句柄数，不能获取到实际的句柄，要获得句柄，我们必须使用未公开的Native API才可以。
PS：网上有很多关于这类的方法，但几乎都是抄来抄去，很多连编译都过不了就直接放上去了（囧）。我整理了一下方法，实测在win10和win7都可以用。
NTSTATUS WINAPI NtQuerySystemInformation(
_In_ SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS SystemInformationClass,
_Inout_ PVOID SystemInformation,
_In_ ULONG SystemInformationLength,
_Out_opt_ PULONG ReturnLength
);
枚举的关键是使用NtQuerySystemInformation（旧版本是ZwQuerySystemInformation）这个方法
但MSDN上并没有把这个函数的第一个参数的枚举值给全，而且Windows API所定义的枚举值也是MSDN上面列的几个而已，如下：
typedef enum _SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS {
SystemBasicInformation = 0,
SystemPerformanceInformation = 2,
SystemTimeOfDayInformation = 3,
SystemProcessInformation = 5,
SystemProcessorPerformanceInformation = 8,
SystemInterruptInformation = 23,
SystemExceptionInformation = 33,
SystemRegistryQuotaInformation = 37,
SystemLookasideInformation = 45,
SystemPolicyInformation = 134,
} SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS;
这几个值的定义在MSDN上都有，具体可以在上面给的链接的文档查到，这里就不列了。这些枚举值都是可以拿来指定NtQuerySystemInformation所查询的内容
然而所给到的枚举值并没有我们想要的枚举句柄的功能，这个时候只能求助于强大的搜索引擎了，我们可以查到比较完整的SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS的定义是下面的列表
typedef enum _SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS {
SystemBasicInformation,
SystemProcessorInformation,
SystemPerformanceInformation,
SystemTimeOfDayInformation,
SystemPathInformation,
SystemProcessInformation,
SystemCallCountInformation,
SystemDeviceInformation,
SystemProcessorPerformanceInformation,
SystemFlagsInformation,
SystemCallTimeInformation,
SystemModuleInformation,
SystemLocksInformation,
SystemStackTraceInformation,
SystemPagedPoolInformation,
SystemNonPagedPoolInformation,
SystemHandleInformation,
SystemObjectInformation,
SystemPageFileInformation,
SystemVdmInstemulInformation,
SystemVdmBopInformation,
SystemFileCacheInformation,
SystemPoolTagInformation,
SystemInterruptInformation,
SystemDpcBehaviorInformation,
SystemFullMemoryInformation,
SystemLoadGdiDriverInformation,
SystemUnloadGdiDriverInformation,
SystemTimeAdjustmentInformation,
SystemSummaryMemoryInformation,
SystemMirrorMemoryInformation,
SystemPerformanceTraceInformation,
SystemObsolete0,
SystemExceptionInformation,
SystemCrashDumpStateInformation,
SystemKernelDebuggerInformation,
SystemContextSwitchInformation,
SystemRegistryQuotaInformation,
SystemExtendServiceTableInformation,
SystemPrioritySeperation,
SystemVerifierAddDriverInformation,
SystemVerifierRemoveDriverInformation,
SystemProcessorIdleInformation,
SystemLegacyDriverInformation,
SystemCurrentTimeZoneInformation,
SystemLookasideInformation,
SystemTimeSlipNotification,
SystemSessionCreate,
SystemSessionDetach,
SystemSessionInformation,
SystemRangeStartInformation,
SystemVerifierInformation,
SystemVerifierThunkExtend,
SystemSessionProcessInformation,
SystemLoadGdiDriverInSystemSpace,
SystemNumaProcessorMap,
SystemPrefetcherInformation,
SystemExtendedProcessInformation,
SystemRecommendedSharedDataAlignment,
SystemComPlusPackage,
SystemNumaAvailableMemory,
SystemProcessorPowerInformation,
SystemEmulationBasicInformation,
SystemEmulationProcessorInformation,
SystemExtendedHandleInformation,
SystemLostDelayedWriteInformation,
SystemBigPoolInformation,
SystemSessionPoolTagInformation,
SystemSessionMappedViewInformation,
SystemHotpatchInformation,
SystemObjectSecurityMode,
SystemWatchdogTimerHandler,
SystemWatchdogTimerInformation,
SystemLogicalProcessorInformation,
SystemWow64SharedInformation,
SystemRegisterFirmwareTableInformationHandler,
SystemFirmwareTableInformation,
SystemModuleInformationEx,
SystemVerifierTriageInformation,
SystemSuperfetchInformation,
SystemMemoryListInformation,
SystemFileCacheInformationEx,
MaxSystemInfoClass // MaxSystemInfoClass should always be the last enum
} SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS;
注意看到第17项（枚举值16）的SystemHandleInformation，这就是我们想要的东西，通过这个值传入NtQuerySystemInformation，然后在NtQuerySystemInformation的函数的第二项放入缓存空间长度，第三项放入缓存空间的指针即可。
现在我们要确定缓存区的类型了。如果我们传入SystemHandleInformation，那么NtQuerySystemInformation将会返回下面这个结构
typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX
{
ULONG NumberOfHandles;
SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION Information[655360];//注意655360这个值是我自己定义的，你们可以自己定义其他的常量值
}SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX;
其中，SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION的定义是：
typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION
{
ULONG ProcessId;//进程标识符
UCHAR ObjectTypeNumber;//打开的对象的类型
UCHAR Flags;//句柄属性标志
USHORT Handle;//句柄数值,在进程打开的句柄中唯一标识某个句柄
PVOID Object;//这个就是句柄对应的EPROCESS的地址
ACCESS_MASK GrantedAccess;//句柄对象的访问权限
}SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
注意到这里有个很奇怪的地方，就是Handle值的类型是USHORT的，然而HANDLE的定义是void *，在32位上是4个字节，在64位上是8个字节。这就告诉我们，我们只能枚举到一个进程的0~65535个句柄值， 但是我们从Windows Internals这本书里面可以知道，现在Windows每个进程的句柄值已经可以到16000000以上了（虽然不会用到那么多）。
这样我们就可以根据ProcessId来获取我们感兴趣的进程的句柄值了，但是这里也有一个问题，虽然ProcessId的类型是ULONG，但是也只能枚举到16位以下的ProcessId的值，也就是枚举到的最大ProcessId值是65535，如果我们的程序的ProcessId大于65535，我们就不能枚举到这些进程所创建的句柄了。（这就是Undocument的函数不可靠的体现了）。
ObjectTypeNumber是我们想要的句柄值的类型，但是我暂时还无法找到关于这个值的详细资料，只是在windows driver里面查到了这个东西ObReferenceObjectByHandle，但是我现在想在ring3层把问题解决，暂时先不考虑驱动。事实上我们可以在Process Explorer里面根据把句柄值一个一个对应然后找到相应类型，比如下图：
我们可以看到获知句柄值为0x4时，对应的值是Type是Key
我们再来看下我们取到的Info的ObjectType是7，也就是说，我们的Key的类型值就是7
同理我们也可以找到File类型的ObjectType是35
我无法确定这个值是否会跟着系统不同而改变，如果要使用这个方法，请一定要先测试一下。
接下来的事情就很好办了，我们只要把NtQuerySystemInformation从NtDll.dll里面拉出来就可以了，我们可以写出这样的代码：
//头文件引#include <winternl.h>
#define SystemHandleInformation 0x10
typedef DWORD(WINAPI *NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION)(DWORD, PVOID, DWORD, PDWORD);
HMODULE hNtDll = LoadLibrary(L"ntdll.dll");
NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION NtQuerySystemInformation =
(NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION)GetProcAddress(hNtDll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
ULONG cbBuffer = sizeof(SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX);
LPVOID pBuffer = (LPVOID)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (pBuffer)
{
NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemHandleInformation, pBuffer, cbBuffer, NULL);
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX pInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX)pBuffer;
for (ULONG r = 0; r < pInfo->NumberOfHandles; r++)
{
//dosomething
}
free(pBuffer);
}
FreeModule(hNtDll);
Native API其他用法举例：查找文件句柄文件名的方法
有时候我们想查找句柄的所对应的信息，比如我之前就遇到了一个需要查找文件句柄所对应文件名的方法，这个时候也需要Native API来完成，需要用到ZwQueryInformationFile这个方法
NTSTATUS ZwQueryInformationFile(
_In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
_Out_ PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,
_Out_ PVOID FileInformation,
_In_ ULONG Length,
_In_ FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass
);
其中第一个参数是我们要查询的文件句柄，信息可以存放在FileInformation指向的内存中，这个内存的长度由Length指定。
现在我们来看下第二个参数IoStatusBlock的类型IO_STATUS_BLOCK
typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK {
union {
NTSTATUS Status;
PVOID Pointer;
};
ULONG_PTR Information;
} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
Pointer是个保留项，第一项就是指定IRP's I/O的返回值，这个值我们可以不用
最后一个参数是FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS类型的一个数，这个数可以拿来指定ZwQueryInformationFile所查询的内容（就像NtQuerySystemInformation的那一堆枚举值也是用来指定NtQuerySystemInformation所查询的内容一样），这个值在MSDN有完整的定义，但在VS自带的SDK里面却没有。
typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
FileDirectoryInformation = 1,
FileFullDirectoryInformation,
FileBothDirectoryInformation,
FileBasicInformation,
FileStandardInformation,
FileInternalInformation,
FileEaInformation,
FileAccessInformation,
FileNameInformation,
FileRenameInformation,
FileLinkInformation,
FileNamesInformation,
FileDispositionInformation,
FilePositionInformation,
FileFullEaInformation,
FileModeInformation,
FileAlignmentInformation,
FileAllInformation,
FileAllocationInformation,
FileEndOfFileInformation,
FileAlternateNameInformation,
FileStreamInformation,
FilePipeInformation,
FilePipeLocalInformation,
FilePipeRemoteInformation,
FileMailslotQueryInformation,
FileMailslotSetInformation,
FileCompressionInformation,
FileObjectIdInformation,
FileCompletionInformation,
FileMoveClusterInformation,
FileQuotaInformation,
FileReparsePointInformation,
FileNetworkOpenInformation,
FileAttributeTagInformation,
FileTrackingInformation,
FileIdBothDirectoryInformation,
FileIdFullDirectoryInformation,
FileValidDataLengthInformation,
FileShortNameInformation,
FileIoCompletionNotificationInformation,
FileIoStatusBlockRangeInformation,
FileIoPriorityHintInformation,
FileSfioReserveInformation,
FileSfioVolumeInformation,
FileHardLinkInformation,
FileProcessIdsUsingFileInformation,
FileNormalizedNameInformation,
FileNetworkPhysicalNameInformation,
FileIdGlobalTxDirectoryInformation,
FileIsRemoteDeviceInformation,
FileUnusedInformation,
FileNumaNodeInformation,
FileStandardLinkInformation,
FileRemoteProtocolInformation,
FileRenameInformationBypassAccessCheck,
FileLinkInformationBypassAccessCheck,
FileVolumeNameInformation,
FileIdInformation,
FileIdExtdDirectoryInformation,
FileReplaceCompletionInformation,
FileHardLinkFullIdInformation,
FileIdExtdBothDirectoryInformation,
FileMaximumInformation
} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
在我们的例子中，我们需要用到的枚举值是FileNameInformation（枚举值9）
具体使用也像 一样，先从ntdll.dll里面导出来，然后把参数往里面填就好了，在这里我先定义一个缓冲区：
typedef struct _NM_INFO
{
HANDLE hFile;
FILE_NAME_INFORMATION Info;
} NM_INFO, *PNM_INFO;
FILE_NAME_INFORMATION结构：
typedef struct _FILE_NAME_INFORMATION {
ULONG FileNameLength;
WCHAR FileName[256];//256我自己定的，可以改成其他的，只要够放位置就行
} FILE_NAME_INFORMATION, *PFILE_NAME_INFORMATION;
调用API：
NM_INFO nmInfo = { 0 };
nmInfo.hFile = hFile;
PNM_INFO NmInfo = (PNM_INFO)lpParameter;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus;
ZWQUERYINFORMATIONFILE ZwQueryInformationFile =
(ZWQUERYINFORMATIONFILE)GetProcAddress(hNtDll, "ZwQueryInformationFile");
ZwQueryInformationFile(NmInfo->hFile, &IoStatus, &NmInfo->Info, 256, FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS::FileNameInformation);
注意查询出来的FileNameLength是字节数，而不是WCHAR数组的最大偏移值，在这里WCHAR的最大偏移值应该是512，因为WCHAR是两个字节的
例子：找出所有文件句柄，并且把对应文件名含有ABC的句柄关掉
注意我把FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS改了个名字，改成了RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS，这是因为SDK里面已经有了一个FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS了，而且我还把第一个枚举值给改了个名字，如果用以前的那个不知道为啥VS不给编译通过。
#include <afx.h>
#include <winternl.h>
typedef DWORD(WINAPI *NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION)(DWORD, PVOID, DWORD, PDWORD);
typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION
{
ULONG ProcessId;
UCHAR ObjectTypeNumber;
UCHAR Flags;
USHORT Handle;
PVOID Object;
ACCESS_MASK GrantedAccess;
}SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
#define STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH 0x004
typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX
{
ULONG NumberOfHandles;
SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION Information[165536];
}SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX;
#define SystemHandleInformation 0x10 // 16
typedef struct _FILE_NAME_INFORMATION {
ULONG FileNameLength;
WCHAR FileName[256];
} FILE_NAME_INFORMATION, *PFILE_NAME_INFORMATION;
typedef struct _NM_INFO
{
HANDLE hFile;
FILE_NAME_INFORMATION Info;
} NM_INFO, *PNM_INFO;
typedef enum _RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
FileDirectoryInformation1 = 1,
FileFullDirectoryInformation,
FileBothDirectoryInformation,
FileBasicInformation,
FileStandardInformation,
FileInternalInformation,
FileEaInformation,
FileAccessInformation,
FileNameInformation,
FileRenameInformation,
FileLinkInformation,
FileNamesInformation,
FileDispositionInformation,
FilePositionInformation,
FileFullEaInformation,
FileModeInformation,
FileAlignmentInformation,
FileAllInformation,
FileAllocationInformation,
FileEndOfFileInformation,
FileAlternateNameInformation,
FileStreamInformation,
FilePipeInformation,
FilePipeLocalInformation,
FilePipeRemoteInformation,
FileMailslotQueryInformation,
FileMailslotSetInformation,
FileCompressionInformation,
FileObjectIdInformation,
FileCompletionInformation,
FileMoveClusterInformation,
FileQuotaInformation,
FileReparsePointInformation,
FileNetworkOpenInformation,
FileAttributeTagInformation,
FileTrackingInformation,
FileIdBothDirectoryInformation,
FileIdFullDirectoryInformation,
FileValidDataLengthInformation,
FileShortNameInformation,
FileIoCompletionNotificationInformation,
FileIoStatusBlockRangeInformation,
FileIoPriorityHintInformation,
FileSfioReserveInformation,
FileSfioVolumeInformation,
FileHardLinkInformation,
FileProcessIdsUsingFileInformation,
FileNormalizedNameInformation,
FileNetworkPhysicalNameInformation,
FileIdGlobalTxDirectoryInformation,
FileIsRemoteDeviceInformation,
FileUnusedInformation,
FileNumaNodeInformation,
FileStandardLinkInformation,
FileRemoteProtocolInformation,
FileRenameInformationBypassAccessCheck,
FileLinkInformationBypassAccessCheck,
FileVolumeNameInformation,
FileIdInformation,
FileIdExtdDirectoryInformation,
FileReplaceCompletionInformation,
FileHardLinkFullIdInformation,
FileIdExtdBothDirectoryInformation,
FileMaximumInformation
} RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PRFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *ZWQUERYINFORMATIONFILE)(HANDLE, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, PVOID, ULONG, RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS);
CString GetFileName(HMODULE hNtDll, PNM_INFO lpParameter)
{
PNM_INFO NmInfo = (PNM_INFO)lpParameter;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus;
ZWQUERYINFORMATIONFILE ZwQueryInformationFile =
(ZWQUERYINFORMATIONFILE)GetProcAddress(hNtDll, "ZwQueryInformationFile");
ZwQueryInformationFile(NmInfo->hFile, &IoStatus, &NmInfo->Info, 256, RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS::FileNameInformation);
if (NmInfo->Info.FileNameLength != 0)
{
CString str;
str.Append(NmInfo->Info.FileName, NmInfo->Info.FileNameLength / sizeof(WCHAR));
return str;
}
return CString();
}
extern "C" int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE /*hInstance*/, HINSTANCE /*hPrevInstance*/,
LPTSTR /*lpCmdLine*/, int nShowCmd)
{
HMODULE hNtDll = LoadLibrary(L"ntdll.dll");
NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION NtQuerySystemInformation =
(NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION)GetProcAddress(hNtDll, "ZwQuerySystemInformation");
ULONG cbBuffer = sizeof(SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX);
LPVOID pBuffer = (LPVOID)malloc(cbBuffer);
auto id= GetCurrentProcessId();
if (pBuffer)
{
NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemHandleInformation, pBuffer, cbBuffer, NULL);
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX pInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX)pBuffer;
for (ULONG r = 0; r < pInfo->NumberOfHandles; r++)
{
if (pInfo->Information[r].ObjectTypeNumber == 35)
{
NM_INFO nmInfo = { 0 };
nmInfo.hFile = (HANDLE)pInfo->Information[r].Handle;
CString fileName = GetFileName(hNtDll, &nmInfo);
if (!fileName.IsEmpty())
{
if (fileName.Find(L"ABC") != -1)
{
CloseHandle(nmInfo.hFile);
}
}
}
}
free(pBuffer);
}
FreeModule(hNtDll);
return 0;
}
