POJ3250(单调栈)

Bad Hair Day

Time Limit: 2000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 17614		Accepted: 5937

Description

Some of Farmer John's N cows (1 ≤ N ≤ 80,000) are having a bad hair day! Since each cow is self-conscious about her messy hairstyle, FJ wants to count the number of other cows that can see the top of other cows' heads.

Each cow i has a specified height h_i (1 ≤ h_i ≤ 1,000,000,000) and is standing in a line of cows all facing east (to the right in our diagrams). Therefore, cow i can see the tops of the heads of cows in front of her (namely cows i+1, i+2, and so on), for as long as these cows are strictly shorter than cow i.

Consider this example:

        =
=       =
=   -   =         Cows facing right -->
=   =   =
= - = = =
= = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5 6 

Cow#1 can see the hairstyle of cows #2, 3, 4
Cow#2 can see no cow's hairstyle
Cow#3 can see the hairstyle of cow #4
Cow#4 can see no cow's hairstyle
Cow#5 can see the hairstyle of cow 6
Cow#6 can see no cows at all!

Let c_i denote the number of cows whose hairstyle is visible from cow i; please compute the sum of c₁ through c_N.For this example, the desired is answer 3 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 = 5.

Input

Line 1: The number of cows, N. 
Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer that is the height of cow i.

Output

Line 1: A single integer that is the sum of c₁ through c_N.

Sample Input

6
10
3
7
4
12
2

Sample Output

5

一群高度不完全相同的牛从左到右站成一排，每头牛只能看见它右边的比它矮的牛的发型，若遇到一头高度大于或等于它的牛，则无法继续看到这头牛后面的其他牛。

给出这些牛的高度，要求每头牛可以看到的牛的数量的和。

把要求作一下转换，其实就是要求每头牛被看到的次数之和。这个可以使用单调栈来解决。

从左到右依次读取当前牛的高度，从栈顶开始把高度小于或等于当前牛的高度的那些元素删除，此时栈中剩下的元素的数量就是可以看见当前牛的其他牛的数量。把这个数量加在一起，就可以得到最后的答案了。

单调栈的代码最后竟那么简洁。

//2016.8.23
#include<cstdio>

const int N = 80005;
int Stack[N], hi, top;

int main()
{
    int n;
    long long ans;
    while(scanf("%d", &n)!=EOF)
    {
        ans = top = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d", &hi);
            while(top>0&&Stack[top-1]<=hi)top--;
            ans += top;
            Stack[top++] = hi;
        }
        printf("%lld\n", ans);
    }

    return 0;
}