刘晓燕英语语法和长难句--并列句
一、什么是并列句
就是用连词连接两个句子
I love you ,you love that dog.(错句)
改:简单句,I love you .You love that dog.
  独立主格,I loving you ,you love that dog.
  连词,I love you ,but you love that dog.
  状语,Alought i love you,you love that dog.
二、英语中常见的并列连词
平行关系:and,not only...but also...
similarly,equality,likewise,at the same time,in the meanwhile
转折关系:but,yet,while,whereas
however,nevertheless,on the contrary,conversely,unexpectedly,unfortunately by contrast
选择关系:or,whether...or...
alternatively
因果关系:for,so
therefor,thus,consequently as a result
递进关系:then
besides,furthermore,moreover,additionally,subseqyently,in addition
三、并列句的考点分析
1、写作
只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系,就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)
例句:爱情早已不在了,他还在留恋过去
Romance has evaporated,but he still misses the past.
Romance has evaporated,and on the contraty,he still misses the past.
连词和其他的逻辑关系词的区别在于:
连词的前面有无逗号均可,而其他的逻辑关系词的前面要么用句号,要么加连词and。
例句:有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎(有,说明用there be句型)
There ramain an army of companies coming from afar,and consequently,i feel more than delighted.
例句:都说我如水百变,可知我清澈不变(人做主语,写成被动)
I am claimed changeable like water.By contrast,my clarity keeps consistent.
例句:你还记得那天吗,我没有通过四级考试,一个人在雨中哭泣,你向我走来,然后拍拍我的肩膀告诉我“人生没有终点”
Do you still keep that day in mind?I failed to pass CET 4,and as a result,I shed tears in the rain alone.At the same time,you came up to me and subquently you beat my shoulder and told me "there exists no destinate in life"
2、完形填空
只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就可以了。
3、长难句分析
I was baeten and you.
在分析长难句的时候,只要见到并列连词的出现,通常都会有省略。翻译的时候先把省略的部分补充上再做翻译。分析长难句的第一步是找主句的谓语动词,第二步是找并列连词。(但是当连词在连接两个单词的时候,这个连词就装作没看见)
那如何查找省略的内容呢?
一句话只要有省略就一定省略在连词后,而不是连词前。——>连词后面有的成分,连词前通常都要有(如果连词后只有一个成分的话,连词前一定能找到它的对应成分;如果连词前有多个成分的话,连词前不一定能都找到所有对应成分,但至少能找到一个)。——>连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的内容。
补充后:I was baeten and you were beaten.
例句:Under morden conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence(省略了主谓this requires) the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
specilize in 在...很专业
例句:The data suggest ,for example that physically attractive individuals are(从句的谓语动词) more likely to be treated well by their parents (more likely to be)sought out as friends,and (more likely to be)pursed romantically.(表语并列三个成分)
翻译:数据表明,颜值高的人更容易受到父母的宠爱寻找作为朋友和浪漫的追求。treated well by their parents sought out as friends and pusured romantically-->more likely to be Ved 状语 Ved 状语and Ved 状语
补充后翻译:数据表明,颜值高的人更容易的得到父母的宠爱,更容易交到朋友,也更容易被别人追求。
例句:There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or (refer)to the research technique appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
翻译:人们对此并没有没有达成一致的观点,方法论指的是一般的历史研究中所特有的概念还是对于适合于历史研究各个分支的研究方法
peculiar=weird=odd奇怪的古怪的——>peculiar to ...所特有的/...所专属的
specific=concrete 具体的
special
particular(常用particularly相当于such as)
inquire 打听,询问
补充后翻译:方法论指的是一般的历史研究中所特有的概念还是指的是对于适合历史研究各个分支的研究方法,人们并没有达成一致。
例题:Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems(will continue to be rejucted).
翻译:直到我们解决这些问题,行为技术将会继续遭到拒绝
and 介短 状语 名词 定语
a techenology(名词) of behavior(定语)will continue to be rejected(省略部分)
补充后翻译:直到我们解决这些问题,行为技术将继续遭到拒绝并且和他一起很可能的是解决我们问题的唯一方法也将继续遭到拒绝。
代词指代题的做题方法:就近原则(和谁进就有可能指谁)和一致原则(意思一致)
补充后翻译:直到我们解决这些问题,行为技术将继续遭到拒绝并且和行为技术一起很可能的是解决我们问题的唯一方法也将继续遭到拒绝。
例题:Drawin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably (be injurious)to the moral character.
injurious 伤害 intellect 智商 loss of 缺失
状语 be injurious 介短 and 状语 介短
翻译:达尔文认为,图画和音乐的缺失不仅会导致幸福的缺失也可能对智商和道德品质造成伤害。
例题:As familise move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,and their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be availible when needed and (information)will be trustworthy and reliable(is cut off).
and 前后连接两个名词,可以装作没看见。
extended 延伸 extended family relationships 大家庭关系 the informal flow of information 非正式信息流;小道消息 trustworthy 可信赖的
句中有多个and一起,先分析简单的,即第二个and 。第一个and后with it 介词短语,confidence 名词。that后引导了两个并列(and)的从句。that在名词后,在句中充当的是confidence的同位语。and前the informal flow 名词, of information 和the informal flow构成同位语关系。
所以结构为 n 同位语 is cut off and 介短 n 同位语
连词后面有的成分,连词前通常都要有(如果连词后只有一个成分的话,连词前一定能找到它的对应成分;如果连词前有多个成分的话,连词前不一定能都找到所有对应成分,但至少能找到一个)所以连词and后省略的成分为is cut off.
翻译:当家人们离开他们稳定的社区,离开多年的老朋友和大家庭关系,我们的非正式信息流和在需要的时候能够获取可信赖的消息的自信被切断了。
 
                    
                
 
                
            
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