第十周
1、总结各系统版本的zabbix安装。
rocky8下安装zabbix6.0
yum安装zabbix
安装zabbix-server
https://www.zabbix.com/cn/download?zabbix=6.0&os_distribution=rocky_linux&os_version=9&components=server_frontend_agent&db=mysql&ws=apache
# rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-4.el9.noarch.rpm
# dnf clean all
# dnf install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy zabbix-agent
安装数据库和初始化数据库
#yum install -y mysql-server
[root@Rocky8 ~]# mysql
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
mysql> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
#导入初始架构和数据
# zcat /usr/share/zabbix-sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uzabbix -p zabbix
#验证数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use zabbix;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_zabbix |
+----------------------------+
| acknowledges |
| actions |
| alerts |
| auditlog |
| autoreg_host |
| conditions |
| config |
| config_autoreg_tls |
| corr_condition |
| corr_condition_group |
| corr_condition_tag |
| corr_condition_tagpair |
| corr_condition_tagvalue |
| corr_operation |
| correlation |
| dashboard |
| dashboard_page |
| dashboard_user |
| dashboard_usrgrp |
| dbversion |
| dchecks |
| dhosts |
| drules |
| dservices |
| escalations |
| event_recovery |
| event_suppress |
| event_tag |
| events |
| expressions |
| functions |
| globalmacro |
| globalvars |
| graph_discovery |
| graph_theme |
| graphs |
| graphs_items |
| group_discovery |
| group_prototype |
| ha_node |
| history |
| history_log |
| history_str |
| history_text |
| history_uint |
| host_discovery |
| host_inventory |
| host_tag |
| hostmacro |
| hosts |
| hosts_groups |
| hosts_templates |
| housekeeper |
| hstgrp |
| httpstep |
| httpstep_field |
| httpstepitem |
| httptest |
| httptest_field |
| httptest_tag |
| httptestitem |
| icon_map |
| icon_mapping |
| ids |
| images |
| interface |
| interface_discovery |
| interface_snmp |
| item_condition |
| item_discovery |
| item_parameter |
| item_preproc |
| item_rtdata |
| item_tag |
| items |
| lld_macro_path |
| lld_override |
| lld_override_condition |
| lld_override_opdiscover |
| lld_override_operation |
| lld_override_ophistory |
| lld_override_opinventory |
| lld_override_opperiod |
| lld_override_opseverity |
| lld_override_opstatus |
| lld_override_optag |
| lld_override_optemplate |
| lld_override_optrends |
| maintenance_tag |
| maintenances |
| maintenances_groups |
| maintenances_hosts |
| maintenances_windows |
| media |
| media_type |
| media_type_message |
| media_type_param |
| module |
| opcommand |
| opcommand_grp |
| opcommand_hst |
| opconditions |
| operations |
| opgroup |
| opinventory |
| opmessage |
| opmessage_grp |
| opmessage_usr |
| optemplate |
| problem |
| problem_tag |
| profiles |
| proxy_autoreg_host |
| proxy_dhistory |
| proxy_history |
| regexps |
| report |
| report_param |
| report_user |
| report_usrgrp |
| rights |
| role |
| role_rule |
| script_param |
| scripts |
| service_alarms |
| service_problem |
| service_problem_tag |
| service_status_rule |
| service_tag |
| services |
| services_links |
| sessions |
| sla |
| sla_excluded_downtime |
| sla_schedule |
| sla_service_tag |
| sysmap_element_trigger |
| sysmap_element_url |
| sysmap_shape |
| sysmap_url |
| sysmap_user |
| sysmap_usrgrp |
| sysmaps |
| sysmaps_element_tag |
| sysmaps_elements |
| sysmaps_link_triggers |
| sysmaps_links |
| tag_filter |
| task |
| task_acknowledge |
| task_check_now |
| task_close_problem |
| task_data |
| task_remote_command |
| task_remote_command_result |
| task_result |
| timeperiods |
| token |
| trends |
| trends_uint |
| trigger_depends |
| trigger_discovery |
| trigger_queue |
| trigger_tag |
| triggers |
| users |
| users_groups |
| usrgrp |
| valuemap |
| valuemap_mapping |
| widget |
| widget_field |
+----------------------------+
173 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
#为Zabbix server配置数据库
[root@Rocky8 ~]# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBPassword=123456
#重启Zabbix server和agent进程
systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd php-fpm
#zabbix网页配置就完成安装zabbix-server了
#注意问题：
修改时区问题
中文乱码问题
#zabbix-agent安装
# rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-4.el9.noarch.rpm
# dnf clean all
#dnf install zabbix-agent
vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
。。。。
server 10.0.0.4 #指向当前zabbix-server
ListenPort 10050 #监听端口
startAgents=3 #被动状态时默认启动的实例数
Hostname=10.0.0.24 #区分大小写在zabbix-server唯一的值
重启zabbix——agent服务
[root@localhost src]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent.service
[root@localhost src]# systemctl status zabbix-agent.service
安装完成后的web界面
2、总结 zabbix主动模式和被动模式简介及实现
主动模式和被动模式都是将Agent作为参照的
被动模式：由Server建立TCP链接并向Agent端发送请求。Agent需启动监听端口，等待Server连接。
被动模式下的端口状态：
[root@Rocky8 ~]# netstat -tanlp |grep 10050
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 978/zabbix_agentd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60338 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60366 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60388 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60360 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60370 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:60420 127.0.0.1:10050 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60424 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60486 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60332 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60380 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60498 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60324 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60358 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60468 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60500 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60376 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60414 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60390 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60374 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60384 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60330 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60410 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60348 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60362 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60368 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60440 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60400 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60446 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60460 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60406 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60316 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60494 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60514 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60472 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60506 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10050 127.0.0.1:60378 TIME_WAIT -
主动模式：由Agent主动建立TCP链接并向Server端发送请求。因为是Agent主动发起的TCP连接，所以Agent所在机器本身无需再启动监听Agent端口。
#修改agent为主动模式
[10:05:25 root@localhost ~]#grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
PidFile=/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
LogFileSize=0
Server=10.0.0.4
ListenPort=10050
StartAgents=3
ServerActive=10.0.0.4
Hostname=10.0.0.34
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/*.conf
[16:04:08 root@active ~]#netstat -tanlp | grep 10050
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 953/zabbix_agentd
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37408 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37404 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37400 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37374 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37360 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37398 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37406 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37390 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37410 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37382 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37378 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37394 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37354 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37386 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.34:10050 10.0.0.4:37356 TIME_WAIT -
#配置好主动模式的模板，然后添加主动模式主机。
总结：
Zabbix的主动模式和被动模式都是相对agent来说的。一般情况下默认使用的是zabbix的被动模式，即zabbix server根据监控项定义的时间主动去收集zabbix agent上的数据，优点是能使用更多的模板，更具有灵活性，缺点是当zabbix agent节点过多的时候会增加zabbix server的负荷。主动模式就是zabbix agent将消息推送给zabbix server,优点是减轻了zabbix server的压力，缺点是所有的模板要修改为主动模式。
3、总结 zabbix proxy主动及被动案例
proxy主动模式案列
yum安装zabbix-proxy
rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/8/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-4.el8.noarch.rpm
dnf install zabbix-proxy-mysql zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy
在数据库中创建zabbix_proxy_active库
mysql> create database zabbix_proxy_active character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user zabbix@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix_proxy_active.* to zabbix@'10.0.0.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#修改zabbix_proxy_conf配置文件
[17:41:12 root@proxy ~]#grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf
ProxyMode=0
Server=10.0.0.4
Hostname=10.0.0.18-active
ListenPort=10051
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/run/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.pid
SocketDir=/run/zabbix
DBHost=10.0.0.4
DBName=zabbix_proxy_active
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=123456
DBPort=3306
ProxyLocalBuffer=720
ProxyOfflineBuffer=720
HeartbeatFrequency=60
StartPollers=5
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=30
LogSlowQueries=3000
StatsAllowedIP=127.0.0.1
#重启服务
[17:44:52 root@proxy ~]#systemctl restart zabbix-proxy.service
#查看端口起来情况
[17:44:52 root@proxy ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:10051 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
web添加代理
修改主机
主机状态
4、总结自定义监控，监控win, nginx, 并基于短信/微信报警。
监控win：
1、到zabbix官网下载zabbix-agent的win版本客户端
下载安装包下来后，双击安装
点击下一步，配置好zabbix-server地址
然后运行框输入services.msc在服务中可以看到一个zabbix-agent服务在运行
然后再zabbix-web添加win主机，选择适合win的监控模板。
查看监控的图形数据
监控nginx
安装和配置nginx
[11:11:53 root@10 ~]#yum install nginx -y
[11:11:53 root@10 ~]#cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
server{
location / {
}
location = /status{
stub_status;
}
}
}
验证：
[11:13:44 root@10 ~]#curl 127.0.0.1/status
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
4 4 4
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
添加监控的主机并关联模板
查看监控数据
5、完成1键安装zabbix agent脚本，可以用于ubuntu系统。
二进制包安装zabbix zgent6.x的 脚本
zabbix-server：10.0.0.4
#!/bin/bash
server=10.0.0.4
function sys_install(){
grep "Kernel" /etc/issue &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/rhel/8/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.4-1.el8.noarch.rpm
dnf clean all
dnf install zabbix-agent -y
HOST_IP=`ifconfig ens160 | grep -w inet | awk '{print $2}'`
sed -i "s/Hostname=Zabbix server/Hostname=${HOST_IP}/g" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed -i "s/Server=127.0.0.1/Server=${server}/g" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
systemctl enable zabbix-agent
systemctl restart zabbix-agent
fi
grep "Ubuntu" /etc/issue &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
dpkg -i zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
apt update
apt install zabbix-agent -y
HOST_IP=`ifconfig ens160 | grep -w inet | awk '{print $2}'`
sed -i "s/Hostname=/Hostname=${HOST_IP}/g" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed -i "s/Server=127.0.0.1/Server=${server}/g" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
systemctl restart zabbix-agent
systemctl enable zabbix-agent
fi
}
main(){
sys_install
}
main
验证：
[15:25:35 root@10 ~]#grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
PidFile=/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
LogFileSize=0
Server=10.0.0.4
ServerActive=127.0.0.1
Hostname=10.0.0.200
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/*.conf
[15:26:33 root@10 ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:10050 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
6、完成1键脚本，可以基于zabbix api添加zabbix agent到zabbix web。
通过脚本调用API快速添加：
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi zabbix-agent-api.sh
#!/bin/bash
IP="
10.0.0.14
10.0.0.24
10.0.0.34
"
for node_ip in ${IP};do
curl -s -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.create",
"params": {
"host": "'${node_ip}'",
"name": "magedu-tomcat_'${node_ip}'",
"proxy_hostid": "10267", 代理id
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 1,
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": "'${node_ip}'",
"dns": "",
"port": "10050"
}
],
"groups": [
{
"groupid": "15" 组ID
}
],
"templates": [
{
"templateid": "10264" 模板ID
}
]
},
"auth": "22c0801ef8aed78b14ee8f7848165a27",
"id": 1
}' http://10.0.0.4/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | python -m json.tool
done
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