Linux文本三剑客之sed

目录

1. sed 脚本语言

  • sed即Stream EDitor，sed自己的脚本语言，与vi不同，sed是编辑器
脚本 '地址' + '命令' 组成 
脚本 '命令'  #没有地址就是全文

常用选项
-n：关闭自动打印
-r：使用扩展正则表达式

脚本命令
p：打印
q：退出
d：删除
a：在前面插入内容
i：在后面插入内容
c：替换内容

w file：保存匹配行到指定文件
r file：读取指定文件的文本至模式空间中匹配的行后
=：匹配行取反
!：打印行号

[root@localhost ~]#sed --help
用法: sed [选项]... {sed自己的脚本} [输入文件]...


[root@localhost ~]#sed ' ' /etc/resolv.conf   #查看文件内容
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 8.8.8.8


xargs  #接收标准输出，给后面的命令，做参数
对于不接受管道符的命令可以用xargs作为中间转换
xargs echo

[root@localhost ~]#xargs    #ctrl+D传参并退出
lll      
lll

[root@localhost ~]#xargs echo  #ctrl+D传参并退出
lll
lll


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | xargs   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | xargs -n1  #-n1一次传一个
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


[root@localhost ~]#xargs ls   
/
bin  boot  data  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@localhost ~]#xargs ls
/root
anaconda-ks.cfg  expect		       test.txt      公共  视频  文档  音乐
a.txt		 initial-setup-ks.cfg  test.txt.bak  模板  图片  下载  桌面


[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.8.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.8.255
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:76:f0:1a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 176821  bytes 251371933 (239.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 20938  bytes 1305045 (1.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '2p'  #打印第二行
        inet 192.168.8.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.8.255


[root@localhost ~]#sed -n '/^root/p' /etc/passwd   #以root开关的行
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash


[root@localhost ~]#sed -n '2,/^g/p' /etc/passwd   #从第二行开始到以g开头的行
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin


[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed '1q'  #打印第一行
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed '3q'   #打印第一行到第三行
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.8.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.8.255
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '3p' #打印第三行
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '1,3p'   #打印第一行到第三行
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.8.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.8.255
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>



[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.8.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.8.255
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:76:f0:1a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 177196  bytes 251398928 (239.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 21093  bytes 1321207 (1.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

#打印3-5行
[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '3,+2p'
        inet6 fe80::dc8b:de58:8fff:ce65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:76:f0:1a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 177151  bytes 251395544 (239.7 MiB)


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed -n 'n;p'   #打印偶数行 n将下一行留在高级空间
2
4
6
8
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed -n '2,${n;p}'  #从2开始打印奇数行
3
5
7
9



[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '2d'   #删除第二行
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '0~2d'  #0开始步长为2的删除
1
3
5
7
9

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '1~2d'  #1开始步长为2的删除
2
4
6
8
10



[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3a#'   #a表示在3后面插入内容
1
2
3
#
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3a@'
1
2
3
@
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3i*'  #i表示在3前面插入内容
1
2
*
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3chello'  #c表示替换3的内容
1
2
hello
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3a aa\nbb\ncc'    #在3后面插入aa bb cc \n换行
1
2
3
aa
bb
cc
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3i aa\nbb\ncc'   #在3前面插入aa bb cc \n换行
1
2
aa
bb
cc
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3c aa\nbb\ncc'   #将3内容替换成aa bb cc \n换行
1
2
aa
bb
cc
4
5
6
7
8
9
10




[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 |sed -n '3wa.txt'   #将3插入a.txt文件中
[root@localhost ~]#cat a.txt
3
[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 |sed -n '0~2wa.txt'  #将偶数插入a.txt文件中
[root@localhost ~]#cat a.txt
2
4
6
8
10
[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 |sed -n '1~2wa.txt'  #将奇数插入a.txt文件中
[root@localhost ~]#cat a.txt
1
3
5
7
9


[root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/issue   #查看文件
\S
Kernel \r on an \m

[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed '3r /etc/issue'   #在3后面插入文件内容
1
2
3
\S
Kernel \r on an \m

4
5
6
7
8
9
10


[root@localhost ~]#sed '3=' /etc/issue  #在第三行前插入行号
\S
Kernel \r on an \m
3


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 |sed -n '1~2!p'   #取反，打印出偶数
2
4
6
8
10


[root@localhost ~]#vim test.txt
[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#sed -i.bak '3ajkl' test.txt   #在3后面插入内容
[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt  #查看
1
2
3
jkl
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#sed -i.bak '3ihjk' test.txt   #在3前面插入内容
[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt  #查看
1
2
hjk
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10



[root@localhost ~]#sed -i.bak '3chello' test.txt  #将3替换成hello
[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt
1
2
hello
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 >test.txt    #1-10追加到test.txt文档中
[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#sed -i.bak '4d' test.txt  #删除第4行

[root@localhost ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  test.txt.bak  模板  图片  下载  桌面
expect           test.txt              公共          视频  文档  音乐

[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt    #查看文档，第4行已经删除
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10

[root@localhost ~]#cat test.txt.bak
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10




[root@localhost ~]#seq 10 | sed 'p'  #p带有自动打印功能，又打印一遍内容
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10

2. 搜索替换

[root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/selinux/config    #搜索替代

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 


[root@localhost ~]#sed 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 



[root@localhost ~]#rpm -q httpd    #查看是否已安装httpd
httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]#sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/'  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  #搜索替换
[root@localhost ~]#grep 80 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 8080
#ServerName www.example.com:80


[root@localhost ~]#sed -n '/^r/,/^d/p' /etc/passwd   #/etc/passwd中以r开关，以d结尾的行


[root@localhost ~]#grep 'r..t' /etc/passwd    #过滤以r开头，t为结尾的行
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]#sed -i 's/r..t/&er/g' /etc/passwd   #在r开头，t结尾的字段加er
[root@localhost ~]#cat /etc/passwd
rooter:x:0:0:rooter:/rooter:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/rooter:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/fterp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

3. 分组

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | grep -E '[0-9]+'
123abcdef

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | awk -Fa '{print $1}'
123

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | sed -rn 's/(123)(abc)(def)/\1/p'
123

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | sed -rn 's/(123)(abc)(def)/\3\2\1/p'
defabc123

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | sed -rn 's/(123)(abc)(def)/\2\3\1/p'
abcdef123

[root@localhost ~]#echo 123abcdef | sed -rn 's/(123)(abc)(def)/\2\1\3/p'
abc123def


[root@localhost ~]#echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33" | sed -nr 's@(.*/)(.*)@\2@p' 
ifcfg-ens33

[root@localhost ~]#echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33" | sed -nr 's@(.*/)(.*)@\1@p' 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[root@localhost ~]#echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33" | sed -nr 's@(.*/)(.*)@\0@p' 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

posted @ 2023-08-16 17:47  Candy独角兽  阅读(68)  评论(0)    收藏  举报