一些c语言特殊用法

C语言一些高级输出技巧与数组初始化

控制台颜色输出

完整颜色定义头文件

创建 colors.h 头文件：

#ifndef COLORS_H
#define COLORS_H

// 重置所有属性
#define RESET       "\033[0m"

// 常规前景色
#define BLACK       "\033[30m"
#define RED         "\033[31m"
#define GREEN       "\033[32m"
#define YELLOW      "\033[33m"
#define BLUE        "\033[34m"
#define MAGENTA     "\033[35m"
#define CYAN        "\033[36m"
#define WHITE       "\033[37m"

// 亮色前景色
#define BRIGHT_BLACK    "\033[90m"
#define BRIGHT_RED      "\033[91m"
#define BRIGHT_GREEN    "\033[92m"
#define BRIGHT_YELLOW   "\033[93m"
#define BRIGHT_BLUE     "\033[94m"
#define BRIGHT_MAGENTA  "\033[95m"
#define BRIGHT_CYAN     "\033[96m"
#define BRIGHT_WHITE    "\033[97m"

// 常规背景色
#define BG_BLACK    "\033[40m"
#define BG_RED      "\033[41m"
#define BG_GREEN    "\033[42m"
#define BG_YELLOW   "\033[43m"
#define BG_BLUE     "\033[44m"
#define BG_MAGENTA  "\033[45m"
#define BG_CYAN     "\033[46m"
#define BG_WHITE    "\033[47m"

// 亮色背景色
#define BG_BRIGHT_BLACK     "\033[100m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_RED       "\033[101m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_GREEN     "\033[102m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_YELLOW    "\033[103m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_BLUE      "\033[104m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_MAGENTA   "\033[105m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_CYAN      "\033[106m"
#define BG_BRIGHT_WHITE     "\033[107m"

// 文本样式
#define BOLD        "\033[1m"
#define DIM         "\033[2m"
#define ITALIC      "\033[3m"
#define UNDERLINE   "\033[4m"
#define BLINK       "\033[5m"
#define REVERSE     "\033[7m"
#define HIDDEN      "\033[8m"
#define STRIKE      "\033[9m"

#endif


int main() {
    // 前景色示例
    printf(RED "这是红色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(GREEN "这是绿色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(YELLOW "这是黄色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(BLUE "这是蓝色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(MAGENTA "这是洋红色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(CYAN "这是青色文本" RESET "\n");
    printf(WHITE "这是白色文本" RESET "\n");
    
    printf("\n");
    
    // 背景色示例
    printf(BG_RED "这是红色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_GREEN "这是绿色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_YELLOW "这是黄色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_BLUE "这是蓝色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_MAGENTA "这是洋红色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_CYAN "这是青色背景" RESET "\n");
    printf(BG_WHITE "这是白色背景" RESET "\n");
    
    printf("\n");
    
    // 组合前景和背景色
    printf(RED BG_WHITE "红字白底" RESET "\n");
    printf(BLUE BG_YELLOW "蓝字黄底" RESET "\n");
    printf(WHITE BG_RED "白字红底" RESET "\n");
    
    return 0;
}

---

重复刷新一行的输出技巧

要在同一行中不断闪现随机名字，需要用到一个特殊字符：‘\r’它的作用，是将光标移动到行首，但不换行，此时如果输出信息，那么这些信息就会覆盖原有的内容。重复这个过程，妥善处理一行内容长短不一的问题，就可以在同一样中不断闪现不同的名字。

动态进度显示

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>  // sleep函数
#include <string.h>

// 动态加载动画
void loading_animation(const char* message, int duration_sec) {
    const char* frames[] = {"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏"};
    int frame_count = sizeof(frames) / sizeof(frames[0]);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < duration_sec * 10; i++) {
        printf("\r%s %s %s", frames[i % frame_count], message, 
               i % 20 < 10 ? "|" : " ");
        fflush(stdout);
        usleep(100000); // 100ms
    }
    printf("\r✓ %s 完成!\n", message);
}

// 倒计时显示
void countdown(int seconds) {
    for (int i = seconds; i > 0; i--) {
        printf("\r倒计时: " RED "%d" RESET " 秒", i);
        fflush(stdout);
        sleep(1);
    }
    printf("\r" GREEN "开始执行!          \n" RESET);
}

// 实时数据更新
void real_time_display() {
    int values[] = {23, 45, 67, 89, 12, 34, 56, 78, 90};
    int count = sizeof(values) / sizeof(values[0]);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        int index = i % count;
        printf("\r当前数值: " CYAN "%3d" RESET " | 进度: [", values[index]);
        
        // 动态进度条
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
            if (j <= i % 20) {
                printf(BRIGHT_GREEN "█");
            } else {
                printf(DIM "░");
            }
        }
        printf(RESET "]");
        fflush(stdout);
        usleep(200000); // 200ms
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    printf("=== 动态刷新演示 ===\n");
    
    loading_animation("正在加载数据", 3);
    
    countdown(5);
    
    real_time_display();
    
    return 0;
}

---

使用头文件预处理初始化数组

文本文件数据
创建 NameList.txt：

"Alice",
"Bob",
"Charlie", 
"David",
"Eve",
"Frank",
"Grace",
"Henry",
"Ivy",
"Jack"

创建 ConfigData.txt：

{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}

主程序使用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// 方法1: 初始化字符串数组
char *Names[] = {
    #include "NameList.txt"
    NULL  // 结束标记
};

// 方法2: 初始化二维数组
int Matrix[][3] = {
    #include "ConfigData.txt"
};

// 方法3: 带条件的初始化
#ifdef DEBUG_MODE
    char *LogLevels[] = {
        "TRACE",
        "DEBUG", 
        "INFO",
        "WARN",
        "ERROR",
        "FATAL"
    };
#else
    char *LogLevels[] = {
        "INFO",
        "WARN", 
        "ERROR",
        "FATAL"
    };
#endif

// 计算数组元素个数
#define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]))

int main() {
    // 显示名称列表
    printf("=== 名称列表 ===\n");
    for (int i = 0; Names[i] != NULL; i++) {
        printf("%d: %s\n", i + 1, Names[i]);
    }
    
    // 显示矩阵数据
    printf("\n=== 矩阵数据 ===\n");
    int rows = ARRAY_SIZE(Matrix);
    int cols = ARRAY_SIZE(Matrix[0]);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("%3d ", Matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    
    // 显示日志级别
    printf("\n=== 日志级别 ===\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(LogLevels); i++) {
        printf("%s ", LogLevels[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
    
    return 0;
}