24. 两两交换链表中的节点
leetcode链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/swap-nodes-in-pairs/description/
题目描述:给你一个链表,两两交换其中相邻的节点,并返回交换后链表的头节点。你必须在不修改节点内部的值的情况下完成本题(即,只能进行节点交换)。
核心思路:主要关注各指针的指向,绘图来解决。
点击查看代码
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* swapPairs(ListNode* head) {
ListNode* dummyhead = new ListNode(0);
dummyhead->next = head;
ListNode* cur = dummyhead;
while(cur->next != nullptr && cur->next->next != nullptr){
ListNode* tmp = cur->next;
ListNode* tmp1 = tmp->next->next;
cur->next = tmp->next;
cur->next->next = tmp;
tmp->next = tmp1;
cur = tmp;
}
ListNode* result = dummyhead->next;
delete dummyhead;
dummyhead = nullptr;
return result;
}
};
19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点
leetcode链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-nth-node-from-end-of-list/description/
题目描述:给你一个链表,删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点,并且返回链表的头结点。
核心思路:定义变量来存储需要遍历链表的长度或者双指针法。
第一种方法:
点击查看代码
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) {
int size = 0;
ListNode* dummyhead = new ListNode(0);
dummyhead->next = head;
ListNode* cur = dummyhead;
while(cur->next != nullptr){
cur = cur->next;
size++;
}
int m = size - n;
cur = dummyhead;
while(m--){
cur = cur->next;
}
ListNode* tmp = cur->next;
cur->next = tmp->next;
tmp = dummyhead->next;
delete dummyhead;
return tmp;
}
};
双指针法:双指针的经典应用,如果要删除倒数第n个节点,让fast移动n步,然后让fast和slow同时移动,直到fast指向链表末尾。删掉slow所指向的节点就可以了。
点击查看代码
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) {
ListNode* dummyhead = new ListNode(0);
dummyhead->next = head;
ListNode* fast = dummyhead;
ListNode* slow = dummyhead;
while(n--){
fast = fast->next;
}
while(fast->next != nullptr){
fast = fast->next;
slow = slow->next;
}
ListNode* tmp = slow->next;
slow->next = tmp->next;
delete tmp;
return dummyhead->next;
}
};
点击查看代码
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *getIntersectionNode(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB) {
int lenA = 0,lenB = 0;
ListNode* ptrA = headA;
ListNode* ptrB = headB;
while(ptrA != NULL){//不是ptr->next,因为不是遍历而是统计长度。
ptrA = ptrA->next;
lenA++;
}
while(ptrB != NULL){
ptrB = ptrB->next;
lenB++;
}
ptrA = headA;
ptrB = headB;
if(lenB > lenA){
swap(lenA,lenB);
swap(ptrA,ptrB);
}
int n = lenA - lenB;
while(n--){
ptrA = ptrA->next;
}
while(ptrA != NULL){
if(ptrA == ptrB){
return ptrA;
}
ptrA = ptrA->next;
ptrB = ptrB->next;
}
return NULL;
}
};
142.环形链表II
leetcode链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/description/
题目描述:给定一个链表的头节点 head ,返回链表开始入环的第一个节点。 如果链表无环,则返回 null。
核心思路:双指针遍历是否是环,根据数学推导,头节点到入口点的距离等于相遇点到入口点的距离,设置两个索引(头节点与相遇点各一个)指针来向下遍历,相遇点即是环的入口点。
点击查看代码
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
ListNode* fast = head;
ListNode* slow = head;
while(fast != NULL && fast->next != nullptr){
fast = fast->next->next;
slow = slow->next;
if(fast == slow){
ListNode* index1 = head;
ListNode* index2 = fast;
while(index1 != index2){
index1 = index1->next;
index2 = index2->next;
}
return index1;
}
}
return NULL;
}
};